桂西北峰丛洼地土壤水动力学性质对不同退耕措施的响应特征
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摘要
以桂西北峰丛洼地石漠化治理区耕地(CL)为对照,结合原位入渗和数值模拟的方法,评估了2种典型退耕方式(自然退耕(NR)、任豆牧草(ZN),始于2007年)对土壤水动力学性质的影响。结果表明:土壤饱和导水率Ks基本呈现为CL30cm)Ks影响较大,其中表层和底层Ks分别提高了49.0%(ZN)和51.9%(NR),底层则分别提高了33.1%(ZN)和21.1%(NR)。参数α和n分别呈现为CLNR>ZN的规律,而保水性(基于残留含水率θr、饱和含水率θs,参数α和n计算得出)则呈现为CL0.05),这主要是由退耕对土壤水动力学性质的影响相对缓慢和土壤空间差异共同导致的。研究结果可为石漠化治理和生态重建提供参考依据,也可为原位确定土壤水动力学参数提供方法参考。
By comparing to the crop land(CL),the effects of two typical restoration measures(Zenia insignis Chun+Napiergrass(ZN)and Natural restoration(NR))on soil hydraulic properties at three depths(surface layer 0—10 cm,subsurface layer 10—30 cm,underlying layer > 30 cm)were investigated in a typical peak-cluster depression area in northwestern Guangxi,based on in situinfiltration experiments and numerical inversion methods.The results showed that,the order for Kswas CL < ZN < NR.The two restoration measures had more obvious impacts on Ksboth in the surface and underlying layer.Compared to the CL,the Ksincreased by 49.0%(ZN)and 51.9%(NR)in the surface layer,and by 33.1%(ZN)and21.1%(NR)in the underlying layer,respectively.The order for parameterαand n were CL < ZN < NR and CL > NR > ZN,and the rank for water-retaining property(calculated based on residual water contentθr,saturated water contentθs,αand n)was CL< NR < ZN.These results indicated that the two ecological restoration measures could improve soil hydrological functions.However,the statistical analysis showed that the differences among the soil hydraulic parameters in CL,NR and ZN were not significant(P > 0.05).There might be ascribed to the slow impacts of ecological restoration on soil hydraulic properties,and the high heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties.
By comparing to the crop land(CL),the effects of two typical restoration measures(Zenia insignis Chun+Napiergrass(ZN)and Natural restoration(NR))on soil hydraulic properties at three depths(surface layer 0—10 cm,subsurface layer 10—30 cm,underlying layer > 30 cm)were investigated in a typical peak-cluster depression area in northwestern Guangxi,based on in situinfiltration experiments and numerical inversion methods.The results showed that,the order for Kswas CL < ZN < NR.The two restoration measures had more obvious impacts on Ksboth in the surface and underlying layer.Compared to the CL,the Ksincreased by 49.0%(ZN)and 51.9%(NR)in the surface layer,and by 33.1%(ZN)and21.1%(NR)in the underlying layer,respectively.The order for parameterαand n were CL < ZN < NR and CL > NR > ZN,and the rank for water-retaining property(calculated based on residual water contentθr,saturated water contentθs,αand n)was CL< NR < ZN.These results indicated that the two ecological restoration measures could improve soil hydrological functions.However,the statistical analysis showed that the differences among the soil hydraulic parameters in CL,NR and ZN were not significant(P > 0.05).There might be ascribed to the slow impacts of ecological restoration on soil hydraulic properties,and the high heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties.
引文
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[3]王轶浩,王彦辉,谢双喜,等.六盘山小流域地形、植被特征与土壤水文物理性质的关系[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):145-151.
[4] Chen H S,Liu J W,Zhang W,et al.Soil hydraulic properties on the steep karst hillslopes in northwest Guangxi,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(1):371-379.
[5] Yang J,Xu X L,Liu M X,et al.Effects of“Grain for Green”program on soil hydrologic functions in karst landscapes,southwestern China[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2017,247:120-129.
[6]苏广实,王世杰,胡宝清,等.喀斯特小流域不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性状和微生物的影响:以广西都安澄江小流域为例[J].地球与环境,2013,41(1):29-36.
[7] Fu T G,Chen H S,Zhang W,et al.Vertical distribution of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influencing factors in a small karst catchment in Southwest China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(3),DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4320-1.
[8] Yang J,Xu X L,Liu M X,et al.Effects of Napier grass management on soil hydrologic functions in a karst landscape,southwestern China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2016,157:83-92.
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[10] van Genuchten M T.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[11]im7)unek J,van Genuchten M T,ejna M.The HYDRUS software package for simulating two-and three dimensional movement of water,heat,and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media(Version 1.0)[R].Prague:PC Progress,2006.
[12]Mashayekhi P,Ghorbani-Dashtaki S,Mosaddeghi M R,et al.Different scenarios for inverse estimation of soil hydraulic parameters from double-ring infiltrometer data using HYDRUS-2D/3D[J].International Agrophysics,2016,30(2):203-210.
[13]张吉孝,张新民,刘久如,等.用HYDRUS-2D和RETC数值模型反推土壤水力参数的特点分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(5):161-166.
[14] Zimmermann B,Elsenbeer H.Spatial and temporal variability of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in gradients of disturbance[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,361(1/2):78-95.
[15] Zimmermann B,Papritz A,Elsenbeer H.Asymmetric response to disturbance and recovery:Changes of soil permeability under forest-pasture-forest transitions[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1/2):209-215.
[16]张勇,王晶晶,李玉辉.云南石林景区恢复植被的土壤水文结构功能研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(3):293-299.
[17]李民义,张建军,王春香,等.晋西黄土区不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):125-131.
[18]黄承标,李保平,赖家业,等.桂西北主要退耕还林模式土壤水文:物理性质研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,29(3):108-113.