应用鱼类完整性指数F-IBI评价巢湖流域的主要河流健康
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摘要
保护河流健康是河流生态管理的重要目标,鱼类对维护河流生态系统健康的作用重要且不可替代。依据2013年10月巢湖53个河流采样点的鱼类调查数据,采用假设参照值法构建鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)的参照系统,进而评价河流健康状况。基于29个候选生物参数,通过参数与环境因子间的相关性分析、参数间的冗余分析及其分布范围分析,确定F-IBI由鱼类总物种数、鲤科鱼类物种数百分比、中下层鱼类物种数百分比、肉食性鱼类数量百分比、产粘性卵鱼类数量百分比和耐受性鱼类数量百分比等6个参数构成。利用比值法统一各参数量纲,F-IBI值即为各构成参数比值的累加,进而评价河流水生态健康的等级,其中亚健康的采样点占16.98%,健康状况一般的采样点占50.94%,健康状况较差的采样点占32.08%。此外,影响巢湖主要河流F-IBI的重要水环境变量是叶绿素a。对重点污染区域,修复水生态系统和制定科学合理的策略,是恢复巢湖流域生态健康的重要手段。
Protecting the health of rivers is the crucial goal for the ecological arrangement, and fishes play a vital role in preserving the health of river ecosystems. Based on the fish data collected from 53 sampling river segments in the Chaohu basin during October, 2013, we assessed the health of sampled rivers using hypothetical reference method in this study. We formed the F-IBI by the procedures about correlation analysis between metrics and environment factors, the redundancy analysis and distribution analysis among candidate metrics for 29 metrics. Furthermore, total number of fish species, Cyprinid species richness percentage, middle and lower layer species richness percentage, carnivorous species percentage, viscid-egg species percentage, tolerance species percentage were screened out to form a F-IBI for the Chaohu basin. F-IBI value was the sum of values of variously component metrics in this system by ratio scoring method made indexes into a uniform score. In terms of the river health in the Chaohu basin, about 16.98% cases were sub-health, about 50.94% cases were fair and about 32.08% cases were poor for 53 sampling river segments. Furthermore, the chlorophyll a was suggested as the major factor influenced F-IBI values. Meanwhile, restoring river ecosystem and making scientific and reasonable management strategies were important means for heavily polluted regions in the Chaohu basin.
Protecting the health of rivers is the crucial goal for the ecological arrangement, and fishes play a vital role in preserving the health of river ecosystems. Based on the fish data collected from 53 sampling river segments in the Chaohu basin during October, 2013, we assessed the health of sampled rivers using hypothetical reference method in this study. We formed the F-IBI by the procedures about correlation analysis between metrics and environment factors, the redundancy analysis and distribution analysis among candidate metrics for 29 metrics. Furthermore, total number of fish species, Cyprinid species richness percentage, middle and lower layer species richness percentage, carnivorous species percentage, viscid-egg species percentage, tolerance species percentage were screened out to form a F-IBI for the Chaohu basin. F-IBI value was the sum of values of variously component metrics in this system by ratio scoring method made indexes into a uniform score. In terms of the river health in the Chaohu basin, about 16.98% cases were sub-health, about 50.94% cases were fair and about 32.08% cases were poor for 53 sampling river segments. Furthermore, the chlorophyll a was suggested as the major factor influenced F-IBI values. Meanwhile, restoring river ecosystem and making scientific and reasonable management strategies were important means for heavily polluted regions in the Chaohu basin.
引文
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[26] 孙伟香,李淑栋,李慧.城镇污泥总磷测定条件的优化选择研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(10):110-113.SUN Weixiang,LI Shudong,LI Hui. Optimization of Determination Conditions of Total Phosphorus in Urban Sludge[J].Environmental Science and Management,2017,42(10):110-113.
[27] 李旭冉,梅鹏蔚,王琳,等.丙酮萃取分光光度法测定水中叶绿素 a实验条件的优化[J].环境监控与预警,2016,8(3):25-27.LI Xuran,MEI Pengwei,WANG Lin,et al.Optimization of the Experimental Parameters in the Determination of Chlorophyll a in Water Using Acetone Extraction Spectrophotometry[J].Environmental Monitoring & Forewarning,2016,8(3):25-27.
[28] 廖静秋,黄艺.应用生物完整性指数评价水生态系统健康的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):295-302.LIAO Jingqiu,HUANG Yi.Research Progress on Using Index of Biological Integrity to Assess Aquatic Ecosystem Health[J].Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao,2013,24(1):295-302.
[29] MCCORMICK F H,HUGHES R M,KAUFMNN P R,et al.Development of an Index of Biotic Integrity for the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(5):857-877.
[30] KANNO Y,VOKOUN J C,BEAUCHENE M.Development of Dual Fish Multi-Metric Indices of Biological Condition for Streams with Characteristic Thermal Gradients and Low Species Richness[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10(3):565-571.
[31] HUGHES R M.Defining Acceptable Biological Status by Comparing with Reference Conditions[M].Corvallis:Environmental Protection Agency,1994.
[32] HUGHES R M,GAMMON J R.Longitudinal Changes in Fish Assemblages and Water Quality in the Willamette River,Oregon[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1987,116(2):196-209.
[33] LIU K,ZHOU W,LI F L,et al.A Fish-Based Biotic Integrity Index Selection for Rivers in Hechi Prefecture,Guangxi and Their Environmental Quality Assessment[J].Zoological Research,2010,31(31): 531-538.
[34] 王岐山.巢湖鱼类区系研究[J].安徽大学学报:自然科学版,1987(2):73-81.WANG Qishan.Study on Ichthyologlcal Fauna of Chaohu Lake[J].Journal of Anhui University,1987(2):73-81.
[35] BLOCKSOM K A,KURTENBACH J P,KLEMM D J,et al.Development and Evaluation of the Lake Macroinvertebrate Integrity Index (LMII) for New Jersey Lakes and Reservoirs[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2002,77(3):311.
[36] MAXTED J R,BARBOU R M T,GERRITSEN J,et al.Assessment Framework for Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2000,19(1):128-144.
[37] 蔡琨,张杰,徐兆安,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价太湖生态健康[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):74-82.CAI Kun,ZHANG Jie,XU Zhao’an,et al.Application of a Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity for the Ecosystem Health Assessment of Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(1):74-82.
[38] BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,GRIFFITH G E,et al.A Framework for Biological Criteria for Florida Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1996,15(2):185-211.
[39] PALMER M A,FEBRIA C M.Ecology.The Heartbeat of Ecosystems[J].Science,2012,336(6 087):1 393-1 394.
[40] BASSAR R D,MARSHALL M C,LOPEZSEPULCRE A,et al.Local Adaptation in Trinidadian Guppies Alters Ecosystem Processes.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(8):3 616-3 621.
[41] 朱喜,胡明明,朱金华,等.巢湖水环境综合治理思路和措施[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):120-124.ZHU Xi,HU Mingming,ZHU Jinhua,et al.Thoughts and Measures of Water Environment Comprehensive Management in Chaohu Lake[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(1):120-124.
[42] 张民,孔繁翔.巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(1984—2013年)[J].湖泊科学,2015(5):791-798.ZHANG Min,KONG Fanxiang. The Process,Spatial and Temporal Distributions and Mitigation Strategies of the Eutrophication of Lake Chaohu (1984-2013)[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(5):791-798.
[2] DUDGEON D.The Impacts of Human Disturbance on Stream Benthic Invertebrates and Their Drift in North Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,51(9):1 710-1 729.
[3] MOYA N,HUGHES R M,DOMINGUEZ E,et al.Macroinvertebrate-Based Multimetric Predictive Models for Evaluating the Human Impact on Biotic Condition of Bolivian Streams[J].Ecological Indicators,2011,11(3):840-847.
[4] MADDOCK I.The Importance of Physical Habitat Assessment for Evaluating River Health[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,51(2):373-391.
[5] SIMPSON J C,NORRIS R H,WRIGHT J F,et al.Biological Assessment of River Quality:Development of AUSRIVAS Models and Outputs[C]//Assessing the Biological Quality of Fresh Waters:RIVPACS and Other Techniques.Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in Oxford,2000.
[6] BOZZETTI M,SCHULZ U H.An Index of Biotic Integrity Based on Fish Assemblages for Subtropical Streams in Southern Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,2004,529(1/3):133-144.
[7] KARR J R.Assessing Biological Integrity in Running Waters:A Method and Its Rationale[J].Special Publication,1986.
[8] KARR J R.Biological Integrity:A Long-Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management.Ecological Applications[J].Ecological Applications,1991,1(1):66-84.
[9] KARR J R.Assessment of Biotic Integrity Using Fish Communities[J].Fisheries,1981,6(6):21-27.
[10] 王备新,杨莲芳,胡本进,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数B-IBI评价溪流健康[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1 481-1 490.WANG Beixin,YANG Lianfang,HU Benjin,et al. A Preliminary Study on the Assessment of Stream Ecosystem Health in South of Anhui Province Using Benthic-Index of Biotic Integrity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1 481-1 490.
[11] RUARO R,Gubiani É A.A Scientometric Assessment of 30 Years of the Index of Biotic Integrity in Aquatic Ecosystems:Applications and Main Flaws[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(6):105-110.
[12] LI T H, HUANG X L,JIANG X H,et al.Assessment of Ecosystem Health of the Yellow River with Fish Index of Biotic Integrity[J].Hydrobiologia,2018,814(1):31-43.
[13] LIU M D,CEHN D Q,DUAN X B,et al.Assessment of Ecosystem Health of Upper and Middle Yangtze River Using Fish-Index of Biotic Integrity[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(2):1-5.
[14] 朱迪,郑海涛,常剑波.香格里拉岗曲河大型底栖动物群落和水质的快速生物评价[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):56-66.ZHU Di,ZHENG Haitao,CHANG Jianbo. Macroinvertebrate Community and Rapid Bio-Assessment of the Quality of Aquatic Ecosystem of Gangqu River in Shangri-La Gorge Conservation Area[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(2):56-66.
[15] HUANG L L,WU Z Q,JIANG K, et al.Development and Application of IBI Based on Fish to Assess the River′s Health in the East Tiaoxi River[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(7):1 280-1 289.
[16] 龙健.巢湖流域浮游植物群落特征及p-IBI指数构建[D].南京:南京工业大学,2016.
[17] 宁怡,高峰,邓建才,等.巢湖流域水质生物学评价——以大型底栖动物为例[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):916-922.NING Yi,GAO Feng,DENG Jiancai,et al.Biological Assessment of Water Quality in Chaohu Lake Watershed:A Case Study of Benthic Macroinvertebrate[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(4):916-922.
[18] 谢平.翻阅巢湖的历史:蓝藻、富营养化及地质演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[19] 过龙根,谢平,倪乐意,等.巢湖渔业资源现状及其对水体富营养化的响应研究[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):700-705.GUO Longgen,XIE Ping,NI Leyi,et al.The Status of Fishery Resources of Lake Chaohu and Its Response to Eutrophication[J].2007,31(5):700-705.
[20] 钱红,储玲,朱仁,等.基于划分强度的巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的空间格局[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2 795-2 802.QIAN Hong,CHU Ling,ZHU Ren,et al. Spatail Patterns of Fish Assemblages Based on Classificaction Strengths in the River of Chaohu Basin[J].2017,36(10):2 795-2 802.
[21] 周迎秋.基于遥感的巢湖流域环境变化研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2005.
[22] 张明.巢湖流域水体中典型持久性有机污染物——有机氯农药的分布特征及评价[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.
[23] 冯梦南,季海波.基于流域水环境改善的经济发展方式与产业布局研究——以合肥市巢湖流域为例[C]//合肥:2014中国环境科学学会学术年会,2014.
[24] 王振祥,朱晓东,孟平.巢湖富营养化年度尺度变化分析及对策[J].环境保护,2009(6):33-36.
[25] 纪昳,严瑾,孙娟,等.含泥沙的地表水总氮测定准确度的提高方法[J].环境监控与预警,2016(1):28-30.JI Yi,YAN Jin,SUN Juan,et al.A Method of Improving the Accuracy in the Determination of Total Nitrogen in Surface Water Containing Sediments[J].Environmental Monitoring & Forewarning,2016(1):28-30.
[26] 孙伟香,李淑栋,李慧.城镇污泥总磷测定条件的优化选择研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(10):110-113.SUN Weixiang,LI Shudong,LI Hui. Optimization of Determination Conditions of Total Phosphorus in Urban Sludge[J].Environmental Science and Management,2017,42(10):110-113.
[27] 李旭冉,梅鹏蔚,王琳,等.丙酮萃取分光光度法测定水中叶绿素 a实验条件的优化[J].环境监控与预警,2016,8(3):25-27.LI Xuran,MEI Pengwei,WANG Lin,et al.Optimization of the Experimental Parameters in the Determination of Chlorophyll a in Water Using Acetone Extraction Spectrophotometry[J].Environmental Monitoring & Forewarning,2016,8(3):25-27.
[28] 廖静秋,黄艺.应用生物完整性指数评价水生态系统健康的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):295-302.LIAO Jingqiu,HUANG Yi.Research Progress on Using Index of Biological Integrity to Assess Aquatic Ecosystem Health[J].Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao,2013,24(1):295-302.
[29] MCCORMICK F H,HUGHES R M,KAUFMNN P R,et al.Development of an Index of Biotic Integrity for the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(5):857-877.
[30] KANNO Y,VOKOUN J C,BEAUCHENE M.Development of Dual Fish Multi-Metric Indices of Biological Condition for Streams with Characteristic Thermal Gradients and Low Species Richness[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10(3):565-571.
[31] HUGHES R M.Defining Acceptable Biological Status by Comparing with Reference Conditions[M].Corvallis:Environmental Protection Agency,1994.
[32] HUGHES R M,GAMMON J R.Longitudinal Changes in Fish Assemblages and Water Quality in the Willamette River,Oregon[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1987,116(2):196-209.
[33] LIU K,ZHOU W,LI F L,et al.A Fish-Based Biotic Integrity Index Selection for Rivers in Hechi Prefecture,Guangxi and Their Environmental Quality Assessment[J].Zoological Research,2010,31(31): 531-538.
[34] 王岐山.巢湖鱼类区系研究[J].安徽大学学报:自然科学版,1987(2):73-81.WANG Qishan.Study on Ichthyologlcal Fauna of Chaohu Lake[J].Journal of Anhui University,1987(2):73-81.
[35] BLOCKSOM K A,KURTENBACH J P,KLEMM D J,et al.Development and Evaluation of the Lake Macroinvertebrate Integrity Index (LMII) for New Jersey Lakes and Reservoirs[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2002,77(3):311.
[36] MAXTED J R,BARBOU R M T,GERRITSEN J,et al.Assessment Framework for Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2000,19(1):128-144.
[37] 蔡琨,张杰,徐兆安,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价太湖生态健康[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):74-82.CAI Kun,ZHANG Jie,XU Zhao’an,et al.Application of a Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity for the Ecosystem Health Assessment of Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(1):74-82.
[38] BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,GRIFFITH G E,et al.A Framework for Biological Criteria for Florida Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1996,15(2):185-211.
[39] PALMER M A,FEBRIA C M.Ecology.The Heartbeat of Ecosystems[J].Science,2012,336(6 087):1 393-1 394.
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