ICESat/GLA 14最新数据与V33数据的对比
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摘要
ICESat/GLA14是具有较高精度的海拔高程点,以吕梁山为研究区,对该区域内ICESat/GLA14 v33和ICESat/GLA14 v34数据进行了高程差统计,并对其随地形因子、NDVI和土地利用类型的不同分类所发生的变化进行了统计分析。结果表明:高程值<2 000 m时,高程差绝对误差均值相对稳定,当高程值在2 000~3 500 m时,绝对误差均值在逐渐增大,随着坡度的不断增加,高程差均值由0.004 m逐渐上升到0.009 m,在平坦区域高程差均值为0.002 m,在其他区域为0.007 m,高程差在植被覆盖区均值和标准差相对较高,即高程差随着高程增加、坡度的上升逐渐增大,且该数据在平坦区域精度明显较高,同时受植被覆盖影响较大。
ICESat/GLA14 is a series of high accuracy altitude point. Taking Lvliang Mountain,Shanxi Province,China as the study area,the vertical error of ICESat/GLA14 v33 and ICESat/GLA14 v34 data were analyzed firstly,both the mean value and standard deviation were less than 0.01 m. Then the paper analyzed the vertical error distribution changes with different topographical factors(elevation,slope and aspect),different NDVI and landuse classes. The results show when the elevation is lower than 2 000 m,the mean absolute error of vertical error is stable,but increasing when the elevation is between 2 000 m to 3 500 m. With the increasing of slope,the mean value of vertical error rises from 0.004 m to 0.009 m. The mean value of vertical error in flat area is 0.002 m,but0.007 m in other areas. Both the mean value and the standard deviation of vertical error are high when the land is covered with vegetation. In other words,with the increasing of elevation and slope,the vertical error increases;the accuracy of the data is high in flat area;at the same time,it is greatly influenced by vegetation. According to the results,we proposed three possible reasons:(1)the new variable,Gm C(Gaussian vertical control point),which is the value applied to correct the G-C elevation problem discovered in releasing v33 and is defined as the difference in the transmit pulse Gaussian fit and the centroid of the transmit pulse;(2)atmospheric delay,that is,many other substances contained in the atmosphere will result in uneven refractive index,which further leads to refraction,scattering and delay in the process of laser pulse propagation;(3)ICESat laser footprint contains the information of vegetation,surface and many other features which may easily result in the distortion of a single element study. The aim of the study is to make a deep understanding about the quality of ICESat/GLA14 in Lvliang Mountain.
ICESat/GLA14 is a series of high accuracy altitude point. Taking Lvliang Mountain,Shanxi Province,China as the study area,the vertical error of ICESat/GLA14 v33 and ICESat/GLA14 v34 data were analyzed firstly,both the mean value and standard deviation were less than 0.01 m. Then the paper analyzed the vertical error distribution changes with different topographical factors(elevation,slope and aspect),different NDVI and landuse classes. The results show when the elevation is lower than 2 000 m,the mean absolute error of vertical error is stable,but increasing when the elevation is between 2 000 m to 3 500 m. With the increasing of slope,the mean value of vertical error rises from 0.004 m to 0.009 m. The mean value of vertical error in flat area is 0.002 m,but0.007 m in other areas. Both the mean value and the standard deviation of vertical error are high when the land is covered with vegetation. In other words,with the increasing of elevation and slope,the vertical error increases;the accuracy of the data is high in flat area;at the same time,it is greatly influenced by vegetation. According to the results,we proposed three possible reasons:(1)the new variable,Gm C(Gaussian vertical control point),which is the value applied to correct the G-C elevation problem discovered in releasing v33 and is defined as the difference in the transmit pulse Gaussian fit and the centroid of the transmit pulse;(2)atmospheric delay,that is,many other substances contained in the atmosphere will result in uneven refractive index,which further leads to refraction,scattering and delay in the process of laser pulse propagation;(3)ICESat laser footprint contains the information of vegetation,surface and many other features which may easily result in the distortion of a single element study. The aim of the study is to make a deep understanding about the quality of ICESat/GLA14 in Lvliang Mountain.
引文
[1]宗继彪,叶庆华,田立德.基于ICESat/GLAS,SRTM DEM和GPS观测青藏高原纳木那尼冰面高程变化(2000-2010年)[J].科学通报,2014,59(21):2108-2118.[ZONG Jibiao,YE Qinghua,TIAN Lide.Recent Naimona’Nyi glacier surface elevation changes on the Tibetan Plateau based on ICESat/GLAS,SRTM DEM and GPS measurements[J].China Sci Bull(Chin Ver),2014,59(21):2108-2118.]
[2]李建成,范春波,褚永海,等.ICESAT卫星确定南极冰盖高程模型研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2008,33(3):226-248.[LI Jiancheng,FAN Chunbo,CHU Yonghai,et al.Using ICESAT altimeter data to determine the Antarctic ice sheet elevation model[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(3):226-248.]
[3]鄂栋臣,徐莹,张小红.ICESat卫星及其在南极Dome A地区的应用[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2007,32(1):1139-1142.[E Dongchen,XU Ying,ZHANG Xiaohong.ICESat’s performance and its application in Dome A area in Antarctica[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(1):1139-1142.]
[4]黄华兵,程晓,宫鹏,等.基于星载激光雷达和雷达高度计数据的南极冰盖表面高程制图[J].遥感学报,2014,18(1):117-125.[HUANG Huabing,CHENG Xiao,GONG Peng,et al.A new 1 000 m digital elevation model for Antarctica by integrating ICESat/GLAS and Envisat RA-2 data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,18(1):117-125.]
[5]王泽民,熊云琪,杨元德,等.联合ERS-1和ICESat卫星测高数据构建南极冰盖DEM[J].极地研究,2013,25(3):211-217.[WANG Zemin,XIONG Yunqi,YANG Yuande,et al.Antarctic digital elevation model from ERS-1 and ICESat data[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2013,25(3):211-217.]
[6]KWOK R,ZWALLY H J,YI D H.ICESat Observations of Arctic sea ice:a first look[J].Geophys Res Lett,2004,31(16).
[7]KWOK R,CUNNINGHAM G F,ZWALLY H J,et al.ICESat over Arctic sea ice:interpretation of Altimetric and reflectivity profiles[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,111:C06006.
[8]ZWALLY H J,YI D H,KWOK R,et al.ICESat measurements of sea ice freeboard and estimates of sea ice thickness in the Weddell Sea[J].Geophys Res Oceans,2008,113:C2.
[9]KWOK R,CUNNINGHAM G F,ZWALLY H J,et al.Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat)over Arctic sea ice:retrieval of freeboard[J].Geophys Res Oceans,2007,112(C12).
[10]黄克标,庞勇,舒清态,等.基于ICESat GLAS的云南省森林地上生物量反演[J].遥感学报,2013,17(1):165-179.[HUANG Kebiao,PANG Yong,SHU Qingtai,et al.Aboveground forest biomass estimation using ICESat GLAS in Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,17(1):165-179.]
[11]王蕊,邢艳秋,邱赛,等.基于ICESat-GLAS全波形数据的坡地森林冠层高度估测[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(9):2790-2793.[WANG Rui,XING Yanqiu,QIU Sai,et al.Study on estimation of forest canopy height over sloping terrain based on ICESat-GLAS full waveform data[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2014,42(9):2790-2793.]
[12]王金亮,程峰,王成,等.基于ICESat-GLAS数据估算复杂地形区域森林蓄积量潜力初探——以云南香格里拉县为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(1):45-50.[WANG Jinliang,CHENG Feng,WANG Cheng,et al.Primary disscussion on the potential of forest volime estimating using ICESat-GLAS data in complex terrain area:a case study of Shangri-la,Yunnan Province[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(1):45-50.]
[13]刘美爽,邢艳秋,李立存,等.基于星载激光雷达数据和支持向量分类机方法的森林类型识别[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(2):124-128.[LIU Meishuang,XING Yanqiu,LI Licun,et al.Forest type identification with spaceborne LIDAR data and CSupport vector classification[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(2):124-128.]
[14]PALACE M W,HAGEN S,BRASWELL B H,et al.Estimation of tropical forest structure using the full waveform lidar from ICESat[EB/OL],2010,http://cce.nasa.gov/te2010_ab_presentations/TE2010_Poster_136_21.pdf.
[15]DOLAN K A,HURTT G C,CHAMBERS J Q,et al.Using ICESat’s geoscience laser altimeter system(GLAS)to assess largescale forest disturbance caused by hurricane Katrina[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(1):86-96.
[16]吴红波,郭忠明,毛瑞娟.ICESat-GLAS测高数据在长江中下游湖泊水位变化监测中的应用[J].资源科学,2012,34(12):2289-2298.[WU Hongbo,GUO Zhongming,MAO Ruijuan.Monitoring lake water level changes in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin based on ICESat-GLAS altimetry data[J].Resources Science,2012,34(12):2289-2298.]
[17]ZHANG Guoqing,XIE Hongjie,YAO Tandong,et al.Water balance estimates of ten greatest lakes in China using ICESat and landsat data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(31):3815-3829.
[18]MORISON J,STEELE M,KIKUCHI T.Relaxation of central Arctic ocean hydrography to pre-1990s climatology[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,33(17):L17604.
[19]FORSBERG R,SKOURUP H,Arctic ocean gravity,geoid and sea-ice freeboard heights from ICESat and GRACE[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L21502.
[20]范春波,李建成,王丹,等.激光高度计卫星ICESAT在地学研究中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):94-97.[FAN Chunbo,LI Jiancheng,WANG Dan,et al.Applications of ICESAT to geoscience research[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):94-97.]
[21]SPINHIME J D,PALM S P,HART W D,et al.Cloud and aerosol measurements from GLAS:overview and initial results[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,2:L22S03.
[22]贾洋,陈曦,李均力.高山地区多源地面高程数据误差分析[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(4):793-801.[JIA Yang,CHEN Xi,LI Junli.Error analysis of multi-source ground elevation data of mountain area[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(4):793-801.]
[23]刘新宇,杨兆萍,马忠国,等.基于地形因子的喀纳斯自然保护区土地利用/覆被现状格局分析[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(5):851-857.[LIU Xinyu,YANG Zhaoping,MA Zhongguo,et al.Land use and land cover pattern in Kanas Natural Reserve based on terrain factors[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(5):851-857.]
[24]闫俊杰,乔木,周宏飞,等.基于MODIS/NDVI的新疆伊犁河谷植被变化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):512-519.[YAN Junjie,QIAO Mu,ZHOU Hongfei,et al.Vegetation dynamics in Ili River valley of Xinjiang based on MODIS/NDVI[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):512-519.]
[25]刘少华,乔木,周宏飞,等.基于MODIS/NDVI的新疆伊犁河谷植被变化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):512-519.[YAN Junjie,QIAO Mu,ZHOU Hongfei,et al.Vegetation dynamics in Ili River valley of Xinjiang based on MODIS/NDVI[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):512-519.]
[26]姚远,丁建丽,王刚,等.土库曼斯坦穆尔加布-捷詹绿洲生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):134-143.[YAO Yuan,DING Jianli,WANG Gang,et al.Response of ecosystem services value to land use change in Murghab-Tejen oasis,Turkmenistan[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):134-143.]
[27]ZWALLY H J,SCHUTZ B,ABDALATI W,et al.ICESat’s laser measurements of polar ice,atmosphere,ocean,and land[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,34(3-4):405-445.
[28]杨帆,温家洪,WANG Weili.ICESat与ICESat-2应用进展与展望[J].极地研究,2011,23(2):138-148.[YANG Fan,WEN Jiahong,WANG Weili.ICESat and ICESat-2 applications progress and prospect[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2011,23(2):138-148.]
[29]KURTZ N T,MARKUS T,KRABILL W,et al.Comparison of ICESat data with airborne laser altimeter measurements over Arctic sea ice[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(7):1913-1924.
[30]FRICKER H A,BORSA A,MINSTER B,et al.Assessment of ICESat performance at the salar de Uyuni,Bolivia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(21).
[2]李建成,范春波,褚永海,等.ICESAT卫星确定南极冰盖高程模型研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2008,33(3):226-248.[LI Jiancheng,FAN Chunbo,CHU Yonghai,et al.Using ICESAT altimeter data to determine the Antarctic ice sheet elevation model[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(3):226-248.]
[3]鄂栋臣,徐莹,张小红.ICESat卫星及其在南极Dome A地区的应用[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2007,32(1):1139-1142.[E Dongchen,XU Ying,ZHANG Xiaohong.ICESat’s performance and its application in Dome A area in Antarctica[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(1):1139-1142.]
[4]黄华兵,程晓,宫鹏,等.基于星载激光雷达和雷达高度计数据的南极冰盖表面高程制图[J].遥感学报,2014,18(1):117-125.[HUANG Huabing,CHENG Xiao,GONG Peng,et al.A new 1 000 m digital elevation model for Antarctica by integrating ICESat/GLAS and Envisat RA-2 data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,18(1):117-125.]
[5]王泽民,熊云琪,杨元德,等.联合ERS-1和ICESat卫星测高数据构建南极冰盖DEM[J].极地研究,2013,25(3):211-217.[WANG Zemin,XIONG Yunqi,YANG Yuande,et al.Antarctic digital elevation model from ERS-1 and ICESat data[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2013,25(3):211-217.]
[6]KWOK R,ZWALLY H J,YI D H.ICESat Observations of Arctic sea ice:a first look[J].Geophys Res Lett,2004,31(16).
[7]KWOK R,CUNNINGHAM G F,ZWALLY H J,et al.ICESat over Arctic sea ice:interpretation of Altimetric and reflectivity profiles[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,111:C06006.
[8]ZWALLY H J,YI D H,KWOK R,et al.ICESat measurements of sea ice freeboard and estimates of sea ice thickness in the Weddell Sea[J].Geophys Res Oceans,2008,113:C2.
[9]KWOK R,CUNNINGHAM G F,ZWALLY H J,et al.Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat)over Arctic sea ice:retrieval of freeboard[J].Geophys Res Oceans,2007,112(C12).
[10]黄克标,庞勇,舒清态,等.基于ICESat GLAS的云南省森林地上生物量反演[J].遥感学报,2013,17(1):165-179.[HUANG Kebiao,PANG Yong,SHU Qingtai,et al.Aboveground forest biomass estimation using ICESat GLAS in Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,17(1):165-179.]
[11]王蕊,邢艳秋,邱赛,等.基于ICESat-GLAS全波形数据的坡地森林冠层高度估测[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(9):2790-2793.[WANG Rui,XING Yanqiu,QIU Sai,et al.Study on estimation of forest canopy height over sloping terrain based on ICESat-GLAS full waveform data[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2014,42(9):2790-2793.]
[12]王金亮,程峰,王成,等.基于ICESat-GLAS数据估算复杂地形区域森林蓄积量潜力初探——以云南香格里拉县为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(1):45-50.[WANG Jinliang,CHENG Feng,WANG Cheng,et al.Primary disscussion on the potential of forest volime estimating using ICESat-GLAS data in complex terrain area:a case study of Shangri-la,Yunnan Province[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(1):45-50.]
[13]刘美爽,邢艳秋,李立存,等.基于星载激光雷达数据和支持向量分类机方法的森林类型识别[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(2):124-128.[LIU Meishuang,XING Yanqiu,LI Licun,et al.Forest type identification with spaceborne LIDAR data and CSupport vector classification[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(2):124-128.]
[14]PALACE M W,HAGEN S,BRASWELL B H,et al.Estimation of tropical forest structure using the full waveform lidar from ICESat[EB/OL],2010,http://cce.nasa.gov/te2010_ab_presentations/TE2010_Poster_136_21.pdf.
[15]DOLAN K A,HURTT G C,CHAMBERS J Q,et al.Using ICESat’s geoscience laser altimeter system(GLAS)to assess largescale forest disturbance caused by hurricane Katrina[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(1):86-96.
[16]吴红波,郭忠明,毛瑞娟.ICESat-GLAS测高数据在长江中下游湖泊水位变化监测中的应用[J].资源科学,2012,34(12):2289-2298.[WU Hongbo,GUO Zhongming,MAO Ruijuan.Monitoring lake water level changes in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin based on ICESat-GLAS altimetry data[J].Resources Science,2012,34(12):2289-2298.]
[17]ZHANG Guoqing,XIE Hongjie,YAO Tandong,et al.Water balance estimates of ten greatest lakes in China using ICESat and landsat data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(31):3815-3829.
[18]MORISON J,STEELE M,KIKUCHI T.Relaxation of central Arctic ocean hydrography to pre-1990s climatology[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,33(17):L17604.
[19]FORSBERG R,SKOURUP H,Arctic ocean gravity,geoid and sea-ice freeboard heights from ICESat and GRACE[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L21502.
[20]范春波,李建成,王丹,等.激光高度计卫星ICESAT在地学研究中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):94-97.[FAN Chunbo,LI Jiancheng,WANG Dan,et al.Applications of ICESAT to geoscience research[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):94-97.]
[21]SPINHIME J D,PALM S P,HART W D,et al.Cloud and aerosol measurements from GLAS:overview and initial results[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,2:L22S03.
[22]贾洋,陈曦,李均力.高山地区多源地面高程数据误差分析[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(4):793-801.[JIA Yang,CHEN Xi,LI Junli.Error analysis of multi-source ground elevation data of mountain area[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(4):793-801.]
[23]刘新宇,杨兆萍,马忠国,等.基于地形因子的喀纳斯自然保护区土地利用/覆被现状格局分析[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(5):851-857.[LIU Xinyu,YANG Zhaoping,MA Zhongguo,et al.Land use and land cover pattern in Kanas Natural Reserve based on terrain factors[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(5):851-857.]
[24]闫俊杰,乔木,周宏飞,等.基于MODIS/NDVI的新疆伊犁河谷植被变化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):512-519.[YAN Junjie,QIAO Mu,ZHOU Hongfei,et al.Vegetation dynamics in Ili River valley of Xinjiang based on MODIS/NDVI[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):512-519.]
[25]刘少华,乔木,周宏飞,等.基于MODIS/NDVI的新疆伊犁河谷植被变化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):512-519.[YAN Junjie,QIAO Mu,ZHOU Hongfei,et al.Vegetation dynamics in Ili River valley of Xinjiang based on MODIS/NDVI[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):512-519.]
[26]姚远,丁建丽,王刚,等.土库曼斯坦穆尔加布-捷詹绿洲生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):134-143.[YAO Yuan,DING Jianli,WANG Gang,et al.Response of ecosystem services value to land use change in Murghab-Tejen oasis,Turkmenistan[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):134-143.]
[27]ZWALLY H J,SCHUTZ B,ABDALATI W,et al.ICESat’s laser measurements of polar ice,atmosphere,ocean,and land[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,34(3-4):405-445.
[28]杨帆,温家洪,WANG Weili.ICESat与ICESat-2应用进展与展望[J].极地研究,2011,23(2):138-148.[YANG Fan,WEN Jiahong,WANG Weili.ICESat and ICESat-2 applications progress and prospect[J].Chinese Journal of Polar Research,2011,23(2):138-148.]
[29]KURTZ N T,MARKUS T,KRABILL W,et al.Comparison of ICESat data with airborne laser altimeter measurements over Arctic sea ice[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(7):1913-1924.
[30]FRICKER H A,BORSA A,MINSTER B,et al.Assessment of ICESat performance at the salar de Uyuni,Bolivia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(21).