摘要
宠物浅表皮肤真菌病主要由犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌、须毛癣菌感染引起。本研究根据3种真菌基因内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)区域的序列差异设计4条引物,通过优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了一种可同时快速检测这3种真菌的多重PCR,同时对其特异性、灵敏性、重复性进行分析。结果显示,建立的多重PCR方法对犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌、须毛癣菌基因组DNA均可扩增出特异性预期片段,条带大小分别为286、596、188 bp;最低检测限(灵敏性)分别为12.6、8.8、13.6pg/μL;被检测的6份人工模拟样品扩增结果准确。应用该多重PCR方法检测27份人临床皮屑样品和43份宠物犬、猫毛发样品,结果显示阳性检出率分别为74.07%(20/27)和83.72%(36/43);采用常规真菌分离培养法从阳性样品中获得10株致病性真菌,分离率为17.86%(10/56);两种检测方法的种属鉴定结果表明多重PCR法优于常规方法。本研究建立的多重PCR检测方法简便、特异、灵敏,可同时对宠物浅表真菌病原作出快速诊断与鉴别。
Superficial skin fungal disease in pet animals is mainly caused by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex PCR method for rapid detection of these three fungal pathogens. Four primers were designed in accordance with the differences of fungal ITS region sequences and the conditions of this multiplex PCR were optimized for its speci?c, sensitive and reproducible performance. The results showed that the multiplex PCR method ampli?ed the speci?c expected fragments of 286 bp, 596 bp and 188 bp for Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The minimum detection limits were 12.6 pg/μL for Microsporum canis, 8.8 pg/μL for Microsporum gypseum and13.6 pg/μL for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. Six spiked samples were tested and results were accurate. Subsequently,clinical samples were collected and tested with the multiplex PCR method. The positive rates were 74.07%(20/27) for human samples and 83.72%(36/43) for pet samples. In addition, 10 pathogenic fungus isolates were obtained from the above positive samples by conventional isolation method. The results showed that the multiplex PCR method was simple, speci?c and sensitive and might be used for rapid diagnosis and identi?cation of pet super?cial fungal pathogens.
引文
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