塔里木盆地塔河油田T区三叠纪沉积模式
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摘要
塔河油田T区三叠纪沉积体系认识不足,在层序地层划分的基础上,综合应用岩心相、测井相、地震相及地震标准化波形属性,分析沉积体系与前陆盆地构造运动的关系,建立塔里木盆地塔河油田T区三叠纪沉积模式。研究表明:塔河油田T区三叠系划分为6个长期基准面旋回;在旋回内部识别出辫状河三角洲、河流及湖泊沉积相;地震标准化波形属性分析显示辫状河三角洲-湖泊相沉积体系呈现由近北东方向向正北方向迁移的演化特征,而河流相沉积呈近东西方向展布。逆冲活动期,盆地近源区构造沉降,大量粗粒沉积物在盆地近源区快速堆积,形成近似垂直于造山带沉积搬运的辫状河三角洲-湖泊相沉积体系;逆冲活动平静期,盆地近源区构造抬升,地势平缓,河流搬运作用弱,较细粒的沉积物在逆冲活动期形成的近东西向的断裂带中沉积下来,形成近似平行于造山带沉积搬运的河流相沉积。因此塔河油田T区三叠纪沉积时期受前陆盆地逆冲构造运动影响形成近似垂直于造山带和平行于造山带沉积搬运的两种沉积模式,该沉积模式为塔里木盆地三叠系碎屑岩储层勘探开发提供了指导。
The Triassic sedimentary system in Block T of Tahe oilfield is rarely documented.Based on the sequence stratigraphic division,the core,logging and seismic facies,as well as normalized seismic waveform attributes were integrated to analyze the relationship between sedimentary systems and tectonic movements of the foreland basin,and to establish the Triassic sedimentary model of Block T in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin.The results show that the Triassic in Block T of Tahe oilfield can be divided into six long-term base-level cycles,inside which the braided river delta,fluvial and lacustrine se-dimentary facies are identified;the normalized seismic waveform attribute analysis shows that the braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system presents a migration from the near north-east to the north,while the fluvial sediments were deposited in a nearly east-west direction.During the active period of thrusting,the tectonic subsidence in the proximal realm of the basin resulted in the rapid proximal accumulation of a large amount of coarse-grained sediments,forming a braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system with a transportation direction approximately perpendicular to the orogenic belt;while during the quiescent period of thrusting,tectonic uplifting occurred in the proximal realm of the basin,the terrain grew gentle and the fluvial transportation got weak.As a result,the fine-grained sediments were deposited in the nearly EW-trending fault zones formed during the thrusting period,forming the fluvial sedimentary system with a sediment transportation direction approximately parallel to the orogenic belt.Therefore,the thrusting in the foreland basin ge-nerated two sedimentary models for the Triassic sedimentary system in Block T of Tahe oilfield,with transportation directions being approximately perpendicular to and parallel with the orogenic belt,respectively.The sedimentary models are of guidance value for the exploration and development of the Triassic clastic reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.
The Triassic sedimentary system in Block T of Tahe oilfield is rarely documented.Based on the sequence stratigraphic division,the core,logging and seismic facies,as well as normalized seismic waveform attributes were integrated to analyze the relationship between sedimentary systems and tectonic movements of the foreland basin,and to establish the Triassic sedimentary model of Block T in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin.The results show that the Triassic in Block T of Tahe oilfield can be divided into six long-term base-level cycles,inside which the braided river delta,fluvial and lacustrine se-dimentary facies are identified;the normalized seismic waveform attribute analysis shows that the braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system presents a migration from the near north-east to the north,while the fluvial sediments were deposited in a nearly east-west direction.During the active period of thrusting,the tectonic subsidence in the proximal realm of the basin resulted in the rapid proximal accumulation of a large amount of coarse-grained sediments,forming a braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system with a transportation direction approximately perpendicular to the orogenic belt;while during the quiescent period of thrusting,tectonic uplifting occurred in the proximal realm of the basin,the terrain grew gentle and the fluvial transportation got weak.As a result,the fine-grained sediments were deposited in the nearly EW-trending fault zones formed during the thrusting period,forming the fluvial sedimentary system with a sediment transportation direction approximately parallel to the orogenic belt.Therefore,the thrusting in the foreland basin ge-nerated two sedimentary models for the Triassic sedimentary system in Block T of Tahe oilfield,with transportation directions being approximately perpendicular to and parallel with the orogenic belt,respectively.The sedimentary models are of guidance value for the exploration and development of the Triassic clastic reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.
引文
[1] 王龙樟.塔里木盆地阿瓦提-满加尔坳陷三叠-侏罗纪沉积物源变迁[J].地球科学,2000,25(2):39-42.Wang Longzhang.Provenance evolution and migration of Triassic and Jurassic Awat-Manjia’er depression,Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science,2000,25(2):39-42.
[2] 郭建华,刘辰生,朱锐.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):169-177.Guo Jianhua,Liu Chensheng,Zhu Rui.Sequence stratigraphy and sandbody genetic types of Triassic system in Akekule area[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2007,25(2):169-177.
[3] 朱美衡,郭建华,伍永田,等.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层及对储集砂体的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(5):1-5.Zhu Meiheng,Guo Jianhua,Wu Yongtian,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic in Akekule area,Tarim Basin and its control effect on the reservoir sandbody[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,22(5):1-5.
[4] 邹元荣,金晓辉,闫相宾.塔河油田三叠系层序地层与沉积相研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(5):11-14.Zou Yuanrong,Jin Xiaohui,Yan Xiangbin.Study on the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Triassic in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2008,23(5):11-14.
[5] 刘辰生,郭建华.新疆阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组层序地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2008,32(1):41-45.Liu Chensheng,Guo Jianhua.Sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic middle oil-member in the Akekule area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2008,32(1):41-45.
[6] 付国民,赵俊欣,杨磊,等.塔河油田9区三叠系中上统高分辨率层序地层及沉积演化[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,43(3):13-17.Fu Guomin,Zhao Junxin,Yang Lei,et al.High resolution sequence of stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of middle-upper Triassic in the 9th area,Tahe oil field[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,43(3):13-17.
[7] 唐武,王英民,张雷,等.塔里木盆地三叠纪前缘隆起迁移演化规律[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):219-230.Tang Wu,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lei,et al.Forebulge migration and evolution of the Triassic in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(2):219-230.
[8] Graham S A,Hendrix M S,Wang L B,et al.Collision successor basin of western China:Impact of tectonic inheritance on sand composition[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,1993,105(3):323-344.
[9] 汪新文,陈发景,李光,等.塔北库车坳陷的变形特征及其与油气关系[J].石油与天然气地质,1994,15(1):40-50.Wang Xinwen,Chen Fajing,Li Guang,et al.Deformation characteristics of Kuqa depression,north Tarim Basin and its relation to oil and gas[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1994,15(1):40-50.
[10] 汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-34.Tang Liangjie.Evolution and tectonic patterns of Tarim Basin[M].Geological Press,Beijing,1996:1-34.
[11] 贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:47-56.Jia Chengzao.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic characteristics and oil and gas in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:47-56.
[12] 何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[13] 杨克绳.塔里木盆地的构造演化[J].海洋地质动态学,2005,21(2):25-29.Yang Kesheng.Tectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin[J].Marine Geology Letters,2005,21(2):25-29.
[14] 曹守连,陈发景.塔里木板块北缘前陆盆地的构造演化及其与油气的关系[J].地球科学,1994,19(4):482-491.Cao Shoulian,Chen Fajing.Tectonic evolution of foreland basin and its relationship with oil and gas in northern Tarim[J].Earth Science,1994,19(4):482-491.
[15] Delles P G,Giles K A.Foreland basin systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8(2):105-123.
[16] 郑孟琳,王毅,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地叠合演化与油气聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):925-933.Zheng Menglin,Wang Yi,Jin Zhijun,et al.Superimposition,evolution and petroleum accumulation of Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(6):925-933.
[17] 贾庆素,周庆凡.塔北地区含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):103-105.Jia Qingsu,Zhou Qingfan.Petroleum systems in north Tarim[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2002,23(1):103-105.
[18] Brown L F.AAPG continuing education course notes:seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration[M].Tulsa:AAPG,1980:24-28.
[19] 张厚福,曾洪流,张万选.陆相断陷盆地区域地震地层学方法探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,1988,9(3):231-241.Zhang Houfu,Zeng Hongliu,Zhang Wanxuan.Regional seismic stratigraphic method for fault depressed basin in Land[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1988,9(3):231-241.
[20] 温德顺,苏龙,孙国强,等.前陆盆地的沉积和抬升机制研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):385-389.Wen Deshun,Su Long,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Advances in the study of the subsidence and uplift mechanism of foreland basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):385-389.
[21] Heller P L,Angevine C L,Winslow NS,et al.Two-phase model of foreland basin sequences[J].Geology,1988,16(6):501-504.
[22] Flemings P B,Jordan T E.A synthetic stratigraphic model of foreland basins development[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(B4):3851-3866.
[23] Flemings P B,Jordan T E.Stratigraphic modeling of foreland basins:Interpreting thrust deformation and lithosphere rheology[J].Geology,1990,18(5):430-434.
[24] Jordan T E,Flemings P B.Large-scale stratigraphic architecture,eustatic variation,and unsteady tectonics:A theoretical evaluation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(B4):6681-6699.
[25] Jordan T E.Retroarc foreland and related basins[M]// Busby C,Ingersoll R.Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins.Cambridge:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1995:331-362.
[26] Yang Y T,Miall A D.Marine transgressions in the Mid-Cretaceous of the Cordilleran foreland basin reinterpreted as orogenic unloading deposits[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2008,56(3):179-198.
[27] Yang Y T,Miall A D.Migration and stratigraphic fill of an underfilled foreland basin:Middle-Late Cenomanian Belle Fourche Formation in southern Alberta,Canada[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,227(1-4):51-64.
[28] Yang Y T.Tectonically-driven underfilled-overfilled cycles,the Middle Cretaceous in the northern Cordilleran foreland basin[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,233(1-4):15-27.
[29] 杨永泰.前陆盆地沉降机理和地层模型[J].岩石学报,2011,27(2):531-544.Yang Yongtai.Subsidence mechanisms and stratigraphic models of foreland basins[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(2):531-544.
[30] 吕红华,周祖翼.前陆盆地陆源沉积序列的特征与成因机制[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(7):706-711.Lv Honghua,Zhou Zuyi.Characteristics and genesis of terrigenous depositional sequences in foreland basins[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(7):706-711.
[31] 高志勇,冯佳睿,李小陪,等.天山南北前陆盆地冲断带沉积砂体对构造逆冲作用响应动力学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(2):248-255.Gao Zhiyong,Feng Jiarui,Li Xiaopei,et al.Kinetics of sedimentary process response to thrusting in the thrust belts of foreland basins in southern and northern Tianshan[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(2):248-255.
[2] 郭建华,刘辰生,朱锐.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):169-177.Guo Jianhua,Liu Chensheng,Zhu Rui.Sequence stratigraphy and sandbody genetic types of Triassic system in Akekule area[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2007,25(2):169-177.
[3] 朱美衡,郭建华,伍永田,等.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层及对储集砂体的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(5):1-5.Zhu Meiheng,Guo Jianhua,Wu Yongtian,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic in Akekule area,Tarim Basin and its control effect on the reservoir sandbody[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,22(5):1-5.
[4] 邹元荣,金晓辉,闫相宾.塔河油田三叠系层序地层与沉积相研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(5):11-14.Zou Yuanrong,Jin Xiaohui,Yan Xiangbin.Study on the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Triassic in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2008,23(5):11-14.
[5] 刘辰生,郭建华.新疆阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组层序地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2008,32(1):41-45.Liu Chensheng,Guo Jianhua.Sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic middle oil-member in the Akekule area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2008,32(1):41-45.
[6] 付国民,赵俊欣,杨磊,等.塔河油田9区三叠系中上统高分辨率层序地层及沉积演化[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,43(3):13-17.Fu Guomin,Zhao Junxin,Yang Lei,et al.High resolution sequence of stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of middle-upper Triassic in the 9th area,Tahe oil field[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,43(3):13-17.
[7] 唐武,王英民,张雷,等.塔里木盆地三叠纪前缘隆起迁移演化规律[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):219-230.Tang Wu,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lei,et al.Forebulge migration and evolution of the Triassic in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(2):219-230.
[8] Graham S A,Hendrix M S,Wang L B,et al.Collision successor basin of western China:Impact of tectonic inheritance on sand composition[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,1993,105(3):323-344.
[9] 汪新文,陈发景,李光,等.塔北库车坳陷的变形特征及其与油气关系[J].石油与天然气地质,1994,15(1):40-50.Wang Xinwen,Chen Fajing,Li Guang,et al.Deformation characteristics of Kuqa depression,north Tarim Basin and its relation to oil and gas[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1994,15(1):40-50.
[10] 汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-34.Tang Liangjie.Evolution and tectonic patterns of Tarim Basin[M].Geological Press,Beijing,1996:1-34.
[11] 贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:47-56.Jia Chengzao.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic characteristics and oil and gas in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:47-56.
[12] 何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[13] 杨克绳.塔里木盆地的构造演化[J].海洋地质动态学,2005,21(2):25-29.Yang Kesheng.Tectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin[J].Marine Geology Letters,2005,21(2):25-29.
[14] 曹守连,陈发景.塔里木板块北缘前陆盆地的构造演化及其与油气的关系[J].地球科学,1994,19(4):482-491.Cao Shoulian,Chen Fajing.Tectonic evolution of foreland basin and its relationship with oil and gas in northern Tarim[J].Earth Science,1994,19(4):482-491.
[15] Delles P G,Giles K A.Foreland basin systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8(2):105-123.
[16] 郑孟琳,王毅,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地叠合演化与油气聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):925-933.Zheng Menglin,Wang Yi,Jin Zhijun,et al.Superimposition,evolution and petroleum accumulation of Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(6):925-933.
[17] 贾庆素,周庆凡.塔北地区含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):103-105.Jia Qingsu,Zhou Qingfan.Petroleum systems in north Tarim[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2002,23(1):103-105.
[18] Brown L F.AAPG continuing education course notes:seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration[M].Tulsa:AAPG,1980:24-28.
[19] 张厚福,曾洪流,张万选.陆相断陷盆地区域地震地层学方法探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,1988,9(3):231-241.Zhang Houfu,Zeng Hongliu,Zhang Wanxuan.Regional seismic stratigraphic method for fault depressed basin in Land[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1988,9(3):231-241.
[20] 温德顺,苏龙,孙国强,等.前陆盆地的沉积和抬升机制研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):385-389.Wen Deshun,Su Long,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Advances in the study of the subsidence and uplift mechanism of foreland basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):385-389.
[21] Heller P L,Angevine C L,Winslow NS,et al.Two-phase model of foreland basin sequences[J].Geology,1988,16(6):501-504.
[22] Flemings P B,Jordan T E.A synthetic stratigraphic model of foreland basins development[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(B4):3851-3866.
[23] Flemings P B,Jordan T E.Stratigraphic modeling of foreland basins:Interpreting thrust deformation and lithosphere rheology[J].Geology,1990,18(5):430-434.
[24] Jordan T E,Flemings P B.Large-scale stratigraphic architecture,eustatic variation,and unsteady tectonics:A theoretical evaluation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(B4):6681-6699.
[25] Jordan T E.Retroarc foreland and related basins[M]// Busby C,Ingersoll R.Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins.Cambridge:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1995:331-362.
[26] Yang Y T,Miall A D.Marine transgressions in the Mid-Cretaceous of the Cordilleran foreland basin reinterpreted as orogenic unloading deposits[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2008,56(3):179-198.
[27] Yang Y T,Miall A D.Migration and stratigraphic fill of an underfilled foreland basin:Middle-Late Cenomanian Belle Fourche Formation in southern Alberta,Canada[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,227(1-4):51-64.
[28] Yang Y T.Tectonically-driven underfilled-overfilled cycles,the Middle Cretaceous in the northern Cordilleran foreland basin[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,233(1-4):15-27.
[29] 杨永泰.前陆盆地沉降机理和地层模型[J].岩石学报,2011,27(2):531-544.Yang Yongtai.Subsidence mechanisms and stratigraphic models of foreland basins[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(2):531-544.
[30] 吕红华,周祖翼.前陆盆地陆源沉积序列的特征与成因机制[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(7):706-711.Lv Honghua,Zhou Zuyi.Characteristics and genesis of terrigenous depositional sequences in foreland basins[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(7):706-711.
[31] 高志勇,冯佳睿,李小陪,等.天山南北前陆盆地冲断带沉积砂体对构造逆冲作用响应动力学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(2):248-255.Gao Zhiyong,Feng Jiarui,Li Xiaopei,et al.Kinetics of sedimentary process response to thrusting in the thrust belts of foreland basins in southern and northern Tianshan[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(2):248-255.