LED绿光对生菜生长和品质的影响
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摘要
在全人工光型植物工厂内以水培奶油生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)为试验材料,运用光质及光强可调节的LED植物生长灯,以8:00-24:00照射强度为200μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的白光为基础光(对照W),依次以强度为50(WG50)、100(WG100)、150μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(WG150)的绿光取代相等强度的白光照射生菜,并测定生菜叶片生物量、形态、叶片数以及叶绿素、硝态氮、维生素C、可溶性糖、粗纤维和淀粉的含量,以探究绿光对生菜生长及品质的影响,为LED绿光的供光策略提供参考。结果表明:(1)在50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的绿光处理下,生菜地上部叶绿素含量显著高于对照,地上部干重较对照提高3.69%。(2)随着绿光强度的增加和基础白光强度的减弱,生菜地上部可溶性糖和维生素C含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,二者均在WG50处理下达到最高,并显著高于对照(P<0.05),而在WG150处理下达到最低,并显著低于对照(P<0.05)。(3)与对照相比,绿光处理均降低了生菜叶片中淀粉、粗纤维以及硝酸盐的含量,其中硝酸盐含量在WG50处理下达到最低。说明50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)强度的绿光有促进生菜干物质积累以及提升生菜品质的作用。
The experiment was conducted in a closed plant factory with artificial light. Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) hydroponically cultured was used as materials, and the light intensity and quality were both adjustable. White light provided at 8:00-24:00 with light intensity of 200μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) was regarded as control(W), and green light with light intensity of 50(WG50), 100(WG100) and 150μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(WG150) was respectively used instead of equal white light. Lettuce biomass, morphology, leaf number, and the contents of chlorophyll, nitrate nitrogen, vitamin C, soluble sugar, crude fiber and starch were determined, to investigate the effects of green light on the growth and quality of lettuce and explore better supply modes for green light. The results showed that:(1)the WG50 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content in lettuce shoot and also enhanced the dry weight of lettuce shoot by 3.69% compared with the control.(2) With the increase of green light and the decrease of basic white light, the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents in lettuce shoot rose first and then declined. The highest and lowest content of both the two indices were respectively detected under WG50 and WG150 treatment, the differences in comparison of the control reaching significant level(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control, all the treatments with green light reduced the contents of starch, crude fiber and nitrate in lettuce leaves. The lowest nitrate content was observed in lettuce treated with WG50. In summary, green light with the intensity of 50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) might promote the accumulation of dry matter in lettuce and improve the quality of lettuce.
The experiment was conducted in a closed plant factory with artificial light. Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) hydroponically cultured was used as materials, and the light intensity and quality were both adjustable. White light provided at 8:00-24:00 with light intensity of 200μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) was regarded as control(W), and green light with light intensity of 50(WG50), 100(WG100) and 150μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(WG150) was respectively used instead of equal white light. Lettuce biomass, morphology, leaf number, and the contents of chlorophyll, nitrate nitrogen, vitamin C, soluble sugar, crude fiber and starch were determined, to investigate the effects of green light on the growth and quality of lettuce and explore better supply modes for green light. The results showed that:(1)the WG50 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content in lettuce shoot and also enhanced the dry weight of lettuce shoot by 3.69% compared with the control.(2) With the increase of green light and the decrease of basic white light, the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents in lettuce shoot rose first and then declined. The highest and lowest content of both the two indices were respectively detected under WG50 and WG150 treatment, the differences in comparison of the control reaching significant level(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control, all the treatments with green light reduced the contents of starch, crude fiber and nitrate in lettuce leaves. The lowest nitrate content was observed in lettuce treated with WG50. In summary, green light with the intensity of 50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) might promote the accumulation of dry matter in lettuce and improve the quality of lettuce.
引文
[1]闻婧,鲍顺淑,杨其长,等.LED光源R/B对叶用莴苣生理性状及品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(3):413-416.Wen J,Bao S S,Yang Q C,et al.Influence of R/B ratio in LEDlighting on physiology and quality of lettuce[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2009,30(3):413-416.(in Chinese)
[2]查凌雁,刘文科.不同光强下红蓝光配比对樱桃萝卜生长与产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(3):162-167.Zha L Y,Liu W K.Effects of red/blue light ratio with different light intensity on growth and yield of cherry radish[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,39(3):162-167.(in Chinese)
[3]Kozai T.Resource use emciency of closed plant production system with artificial light:concept,estimation and application to plant factory[J].Proceedings of the Japan Academy,Ser.B.,Physical and Biological Sciences,2013,89(10):447-461.
[4]马太光,陈晓丽,郭文忠,等.不同红外补光模式对植物工厂生菜生长及品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(5):301-307.Ma T G,Chen X L,Guo W Z,et al.Effects of far-red light on the growth and qualities of lettuce in plant factory[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(5):301-307.(in Chinese)
[5]刘文科,杨其长,邱志平,等.LED光质对豌豆苗生长、光合色素和营养品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):500-504.Liu W K,Yang Q C,Qiu Z P,et al.Effect of LED light quality on growth,photosynthetic pigment and nutrient quality of pea seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(4):500-504.(in Chinese)
[6]余意,刘文科.弱光条件下光质和光周期对水培生菜生长与品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(6):739-745.Yu Y,Liu W K.Influence of light quality and photoperiod on growth and nutritional quality of three leaf-color lettuce cultivars under weak light[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(6):739-745.(in Chinese)
[7]杨其长.LED在农业与生物产业的应用与前景展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2008,10(6):42-47.Yang Q C.Application and prospect of Light-Emitting Diode(LED)in agriculture and bio-industry[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008,10(6):42-47.(in Chinese)
[8]余意,杨其长,刘文科.LED红蓝光对三种蔬菜苗期生长和光合色素含量的影响[J].照明工程学报,2015,26(4):107-110.Yu Y,Yang Q C,Liu W K.Effects of LED red and blue light component on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of two leaf-color lettuce cultivars[J].China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2015,26(4):107-110.(in Chinese)
[9]Chen X L,Guo W Z,Xue X Z,et al.Growth and quality responses of‘Green Oak Leaf’lettuce as affected by monochromic or mixed radiation provided by fluorescent lamp(FL)and light-emitting diode(LED)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,172(172):168-175.
[10]闻婧.LED红蓝光波峰及RB对密闭植物工厂作物的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.Wen J.Influence of wave crest and R/B of red and blue LEDon crop growing in the closed plant factory[D].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]陈晓丽,杨其长,张馨,等.LED绿光补光模式对生菜生长及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(21):4170-4177.Chen X L,Yang Q C,Zhang X,et al.Effects of green LEDlight on the growth and quality of lettuce[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(21):4170-4177.(in Chinese)
[12]蒲高斌,刘世琦,刘磊,等.不同光质对番茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):420-425.Pu G B,Liu S Q,Liu L,et al.Effects of different light qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(3):420-425.(in Chinese)
[13]Lin K H,Huang M Y,Huang W D,et al.The effects of red,blue,and white light-emitting diodes on the growth,development,and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce(Lactuca sativa,L.var.capitata)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,150(2):86-91.
[14]Chen X L,Xue X Z,Guo W Z,et al.Growth and nutritional properties of lettuce affected by mixed irradiation of white and supplemental light provided by light-emitting diode[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,200:111-118.
[15]伍洁.光质配比对生菜生长、品质及养分吸收的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.Wu J.Effects of light quality on the growth,quality and nutrient absorption of lettuce[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[16]Son K H,Oh M M.Growth,photosynthetic and antioxidant parameters of two lettuce cultivars as affected by red,green,and blue light-emitting diodes[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2015,56(5):639-653.
[17]Talbott L D,Zhu J,Han S W,et al.Phytochrome and blue light-mediated stomatal opening in the orchid,paphiopedilum[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,2002,43(6):639-646.
[18]Folta K M.Green Light stimulates early stem elongation,antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition[J].Plant Physiology,2004,135(3):1407-1416.
[19]Bouly J P,Schleicher E,Dionisiosese M,et al.Cryptochrome blue light photoreceptors are activated through interconversion of flavin redox states[J].Journal of Biophysics,2007,282(13):9383-9391.
[20]Folta K M,Maruhnich S.Green light:a signal to slow down or stop[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(12):3099-3111.
[21]赵飞,高志奎.光质对黄瓜幼苗绿色叶片叶绿素荧光的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):161-167.Zhao F,Gao Z K.Chlorophyll fluorescence of green leaves by light quality in white cucumber seeding[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(10):161-167.(in Chinese)
[22]Klein R M.Effects of green light on biological systems[J].Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,1992,67(2):199-284.
[23]Nishio J N.Why are higher plants green:evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2000,23(6):539-548.
[24]Johkan M,Shoji K,Goto F,et al.Effect of green light wavelength and intensity on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in Lactuca sativa[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2012,75(75):128-133.
[25]Kim H H,Goins G D,Wheeler R M,et al.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red-and blue-light-emitting diodes[J].Hortscience a Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2004,39(7):1617-1622.
[26]Kim H,Goins G D,Wheeler R M,et al.Stomatal conductance of lettuce grown under or exposed to different light qualities[J].Annals of Botany,2004,94(5):691-697.
[27]Chen X L,Yang Q C.Effects of intermittent light exposure with red and blue light emitting diodes on growth and carbohydrate accumulation of lettuce[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,234:220-226.
[28]Chen X L,Yang Q C,Song W P,et al.Growth and nutritional properties of lettuce affected by different alternating intervals of red and blue LED irradiation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,223:44-52.
[29]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Gao J F.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[30]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Wang X K.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[31]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[32]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.Zhang Z L,Qu W J.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[33]郑洁,胡美君,郭延平.光质对植物光合作用的调控及其机理[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1619-1624.Zheng J,Hu M J,Guo Y P.Regulation of photosynthesis by light quality and its mechanism in plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(7):1619-1624.(in Chinese)
[34]Fillion L,Kilcast D.Consumer perception of crispness and crunchiness in fruits and vegetables[J].Food Quality&Preference,2002,13(1):23-29.
[35]Samuolien?G,Sirtautas R,Brazaityt?A,et al.LED lighting and seasonality effects antioxidant properties of baby leaf lettuce[J].Food Chemistry,2012,134(3):1494-1499.
[36]Sun J,Nishio J N,Vogelmann T C.Green light drives CO2fixation deep within leaves[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,1998,39(10):1020-1026.
[2]查凌雁,刘文科.不同光强下红蓝光配比对樱桃萝卜生长与产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(3):162-167.Zha L Y,Liu W K.Effects of red/blue light ratio with different light intensity on growth and yield of cherry radish[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,39(3):162-167.(in Chinese)
[3]Kozai T.Resource use emciency of closed plant production system with artificial light:concept,estimation and application to plant factory[J].Proceedings of the Japan Academy,Ser.B.,Physical and Biological Sciences,2013,89(10):447-461.
[4]马太光,陈晓丽,郭文忠,等.不同红外补光模式对植物工厂生菜生长及品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(5):301-307.Ma T G,Chen X L,Guo W Z,et al.Effects of far-red light on the growth and qualities of lettuce in plant factory[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(5):301-307.(in Chinese)
[5]刘文科,杨其长,邱志平,等.LED光质对豌豆苗生长、光合色素和营养品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):500-504.Liu W K,Yang Q C,Qiu Z P,et al.Effect of LED light quality on growth,photosynthetic pigment and nutrient quality of pea seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(4):500-504.(in Chinese)
[6]余意,刘文科.弱光条件下光质和光周期对水培生菜生长与品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(6):739-745.Yu Y,Liu W K.Influence of light quality and photoperiod on growth and nutritional quality of three leaf-color lettuce cultivars under weak light[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(6):739-745.(in Chinese)
[7]杨其长.LED在农业与生物产业的应用与前景展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2008,10(6):42-47.Yang Q C.Application and prospect of Light-Emitting Diode(LED)in agriculture and bio-industry[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008,10(6):42-47.(in Chinese)
[8]余意,杨其长,刘文科.LED红蓝光对三种蔬菜苗期生长和光合色素含量的影响[J].照明工程学报,2015,26(4):107-110.Yu Y,Yang Q C,Liu W K.Effects of LED red and blue light component on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of two leaf-color lettuce cultivars[J].China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2015,26(4):107-110.(in Chinese)
[9]Chen X L,Guo W Z,Xue X Z,et al.Growth and quality responses of‘Green Oak Leaf’lettuce as affected by monochromic or mixed radiation provided by fluorescent lamp(FL)and light-emitting diode(LED)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,172(172):168-175.
[10]闻婧.LED红蓝光波峰及RB对密闭植物工厂作物的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.Wen J.Influence of wave crest and R/B of red and blue LEDon crop growing in the closed plant factory[D].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]陈晓丽,杨其长,张馨,等.LED绿光补光模式对生菜生长及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(21):4170-4177.Chen X L,Yang Q C,Zhang X,et al.Effects of green LEDlight on the growth and quality of lettuce[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(21):4170-4177.(in Chinese)
[12]蒲高斌,刘世琦,刘磊,等.不同光质对番茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):420-425.Pu G B,Liu S Q,Liu L,et al.Effects of different light qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(3):420-425.(in Chinese)
[13]Lin K H,Huang M Y,Huang W D,et al.The effects of red,blue,and white light-emitting diodes on the growth,development,and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce(Lactuca sativa,L.var.capitata)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,150(2):86-91.
[14]Chen X L,Xue X Z,Guo W Z,et al.Growth and nutritional properties of lettuce affected by mixed irradiation of white and supplemental light provided by light-emitting diode[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,200:111-118.
[15]伍洁.光质配比对生菜生长、品质及养分吸收的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.Wu J.Effects of light quality on the growth,quality and nutrient absorption of lettuce[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[16]Son K H,Oh M M.Growth,photosynthetic and antioxidant parameters of two lettuce cultivars as affected by red,green,and blue light-emitting diodes[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2015,56(5):639-653.
[17]Talbott L D,Zhu J,Han S W,et al.Phytochrome and blue light-mediated stomatal opening in the orchid,paphiopedilum[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,2002,43(6):639-646.
[18]Folta K M.Green Light stimulates early stem elongation,antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition[J].Plant Physiology,2004,135(3):1407-1416.
[19]Bouly J P,Schleicher E,Dionisiosese M,et al.Cryptochrome blue light photoreceptors are activated through interconversion of flavin redox states[J].Journal of Biophysics,2007,282(13):9383-9391.
[20]Folta K M,Maruhnich S.Green light:a signal to slow down or stop[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(12):3099-3111.
[21]赵飞,高志奎.光质对黄瓜幼苗绿色叶片叶绿素荧光的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):161-167.Zhao F,Gao Z K.Chlorophyll fluorescence of green leaves by light quality in white cucumber seeding[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(10):161-167.(in Chinese)
[22]Klein R M.Effects of green light on biological systems[J].Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,1992,67(2):199-284.
[23]Nishio J N.Why are higher plants green:evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2000,23(6):539-548.
[24]Johkan M,Shoji K,Goto F,et al.Effect of green light wavelength and intensity on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in Lactuca sativa[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2012,75(75):128-133.
[25]Kim H H,Goins G D,Wheeler R M,et al.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red-and blue-light-emitting diodes[J].Hortscience a Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2004,39(7):1617-1622.
[26]Kim H,Goins G D,Wheeler R M,et al.Stomatal conductance of lettuce grown under or exposed to different light qualities[J].Annals of Botany,2004,94(5):691-697.
[27]Chen X L,Yang Q C.Effects of intermittent light exposure with red and blue light emitting diodes on growth and carbohydrate accumulation of lettuce[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,234:220-226.
[28]Chen X L,Yang Q C,Song W P,et al.Growth and nutritional properties of lettuce affected by different alternating intervals of red and blue LED irradiation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,223:44-52.
[29]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Gao J F.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[30]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Wang X K.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[31]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[32]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.Zhang Z L,Qu W J.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[33]郑洁,胡美君,郭延平.光质对植物光合作用的调控及其机理[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1619-1624.Zheng J,Hu M J,Guo Y P.Regulation of photosynthesis by light quality and its mechanism in plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(7):1619-1624.(in Chinese)
[34]Fillion L,Kilcast D.Consumer perception of crispness and crunchiness in fruits and vegetables[J].Food Quality&Preference,2002,13(1):23-29.
[35]Samuolien?G,Sirtautas R,Brazaityt?A,et al.LED lighting and seasonality effects antioxidant properties of baby leaf lettuce[J].Food Chemistry,2012,134(3):1494-1499.
[36]Sun J,Nishio J N,Vogelmann T C.Green light drives CO2fixation deep within leaves[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,1998,39(10):1020-1026.