土壤水分胁迫对新疆大叶苜蓿构件生物量分配的影响
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摘要
以新疆大叶苜蓿为试验材料,采用盆栽法揭示不同土壤水分胁迫(田间持水量的85%,65%,45%)下新疆大叶苜蓿构件生物量的变化状况。结果表明:(1)轻度水分胁迫下,新疆大叶苜蓿干重生物量最高,主根最长,分枝数、叶片数最多;(2)细根数量、干重生物量、构件占比和生长速率均呈现重度水分胁迫>轻度水分胁迫>充分供水的规律;(3)不同土壤水分胁迫使构件生物量的分配占比呈现不同规律,充分供水与轻度水分胁迫下遵循:茎构件>叶构件>根构件>花构件的规律,而重度水分胁迫下遵循:根构件>茎构件>叶构件>花构件的规律;(4)轻度水分胁迫下根茎比和地下与地上部分比最佳,植株适应干旱环境且生长健壮。该结果为揭示作物高效用水机制提供科学依据,为干旱、半干旱地区新疆大叶苜蓿的增产提供理论依据。
In this study,Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye was taken as the experimental material,and the pot culture experiment was adopted to reveal the change of component biomass of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye under different soil moisture stresses( the field capacities were 85%,65% and 45% respectively). The results showed that:(1) Under slight water stress,the values of dry weight biomass,taproot length,branch number and leaf number of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye were the highest;(2) The number,dry weight biomass,proportion and growth rate of fine roots of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye were in an order of severe water stress > slight water stress > full water supply;(3) The allocation proportion of component biomass under different soil water stresses was different. Under full water supply and slight water stress,the proportion was in an order of stem component > leaf component > root component > flower component; under the severe water stress,however,it was in an order of root component > stem component > leaf component > flower component;(4) Under slight water stress,the rhizome ratio and the ratio between underground biomass and aboveground biomass were the best,and the plants adapted to the dry environment and could grow healthly. The study results could provide a scientific basis for revealing the efficient water use mechanism of crops and theoretical basis for increasing the yield of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye in arid and semiarid regions.
In this study,Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye was taken as the experimental material,and the pot culture experiment was adopted to reveal the change of component biomass of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye under different soil moisture stresses( the field capacities were 85%,65% and 45% respectively). The results showed that:(1) Under slight water stress,the values of dry weight biomass,taproot length,branch number and leaf number of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye were the highest;(2) The number,dry weight biomass,proportion and growth rate of fine roots of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye were in an order of severe water stress > slight water stress > full water supply;(3) The allocation proportion of component biomass under different soil water stresses was different. Under full water supply and slight water stress,the proportion was in an order of stem component > leaf component > root component > flower component; under the severe water stress,however,it was in an order of root component > stem component > leaf component > flower component;(4) Under slight water stress,the rhizome ratio and the ratio between underground biomass and aboveground biomass were the best,and the plants adapted to the dry environment and could grow healthly. The study results could provide a scientific basis for revealing the efficient water use mechanism of crops and theoretical basis for increasing the yield of Medicago sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye in arid and semiarid regions.
引文
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[19]Kroon H D,Huber H,Stuefer J F,et al.A modular concept of phenotypic plasticity in plants[J].New Phytologist,2005,166(1):73-82.
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[21]Willson M F.Plant Reproductive Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1983:290-296.
[22]席溢,聂朝松,徐彦红,等.4个紫花苜蓿品种生物量与植株构件的相关性研究[J].种子,2017,36(11):85-89.[Xi Yi,Nie Zhaohong,Xu Yanhong,et al.Research on correlation of biomass and plant modules in four varieties of alfalfa[J].Seed,2017,36(11):85-89.]
[23]Hui D F,Jackson R B.Geographical and interannual variability in biomass partitioning in grassland ecosystems:A synthesis of field data[J].New Phytologist,2006,169(1):85-93.
[24]Enquist B J,Niklas K J.Global allocation rules for patterns of biomass partitioning in seed plants[J].Science,2002,295(5 559):1 517-1 520.
[2]杨雪梅,杨太保,刘海猛,等.气候变暖背景下近30 a北半球植被变化研究综述[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):379-391.[Yang Xuemei,Yang Taibao,Liu Haimeng,et al.Vegetation variation in the North hemisphere under climate warming in the last 30years[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):379-391.]
[3]何凌仙子,贾志清,刘涛,等.植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018,31(2):13-18.[He Lingxianzi,Jia Zhiqing,Liu Tao,et al.Research progress in plants adaptability towards adversity stress[J].World Forestry Research,2018,31(2):13-18.]
[4]夏振华,陈亚宁,朱成刚,等.干旱胁迫环境下的胡杨叶片气孔变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,5(14):1 111-1 117.[Xia Zhenhua,Chen Yaning,Zhu Chenggang,et al.Stomatal change in leaves of Populus euphratica under drought stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,5(14):1 111-1 117.]
[5]杨文稼,王仕稳,李雨霖,等.半干旱地区补充灌溉对冬小麦根系及耗水特征的影响[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):920-928.[Yang Wenjia,Wang Shiwen,Li Yulin,et al.Effects of supplementary irrigation on root system and water consumption of winter wheat in semiarid region[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):920-928.]
[6]张鑫,肖婷婷,李艰,等.水分胁迫对美国红枫幼苗生长及叶色变化的影响[J].江苏农业科技,2016,44(3):224-227.[Zhang Xin,Xiao Tingting,Li Jian,et al.Effects of water stress on growth and leaf color change of American red maple seedling[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology,2016,44(3):224-227.]
[7]包爱科,杜包强,王锁明.紫花苜蓿耐盐、抗旱生理机制研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(9):1 700-1 705.[Bao Aike,Du Baoqiang,Wang Suoming.Advances on physiological mechanisms of alfalfa resistant to salt and drought[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(9):1 700-1 705.]
[8]高凯敏,刘锦春,梁千惠,等.6种草本植物对干旱胁迫和CO2浓度升高交互作用的生长响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):6 110-6 119.[Gao Kaimin,Liu Jinchun,Liang Qianhui,et al.Growth responses to the interaction of elevated CO2and draught stress in six annual species[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):6 110-6 119.]
[9]陈斐,王润元,王鹤龄,等.干旱胁迫下春小麦干物质积累和分配及其模拟[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1 418-1 425.[Chen Fei,Wang Runyuan,Wang Heling,et al.Dry matter accumulation and distribution of spring wheat under drought stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1 418-1 425.]
[10]彭岚清,李欣勇,齐晓,等.紫花苜蓿品种根部特性与持久性和生物量的关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):147-153.[Peng Lanqing,Li Xinyong,Qi Xiao,et al.The relationship of root traits with persistence and biomass in 10 alfalfa varieties[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):147-153.]
[11]徐向南,易津,于林清,等.紫花苜蓿抗旱性研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,21(8):180-184.[Xu Xiangnan,Yi Jin,Yu Linqing,et al.Advances on drought resistance of alfalfas[J].Chinese Agricultural Bulletin,2009,21(8):180-184.]
[12]汪精海,齐广平,康燕霞,等.干旱半干旱地区紫花苜蓿营养品质对水分胁迫的响应[J].草业科学,2017,34(1):114-116.[Wang Jinghai,Qi Guangping,Kang Yanxia,et al.Effects of water stress on nutritional quality of alfalfa in arid and semiarid areas[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(1):114-116.]
[13]罗永忠,李广.土壤水分胁迫对新疆大叶苜蓿的生长及生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):213-219.[Luo Yongzhong,Li Guang.The effect of water stress on growth and biomass of Medicago sativa cv.Xinjiang daye[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):213-219.]
[14]刘国利,何树斌,杨惠敏.紫花苜蓿水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应及其机理[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):207-213.[Liu Guoli,He Shubin,Yang Huiming.The responses and mechanisms of water use efficiency to different water stresses of three alfalfa varieties[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(3):207-213.]
[15]郝虎东,田青松,石凤翎,等.无芒雀麦地上生物量及各构件生物量分配动态[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(4):85-90.[Hao Hudong,Tian Qingsong,Shi Fengling,et al.Biomass distribution and component biomass distribution in the field of agaricus plantagensis[J].Journal of Chinese Grassland,2009,31(4):85-90.]
[16]黎云祥,刘玉成,钟章成.植物种群生态学中的构件理论[J].生态学杂志,1995,14(6):35-41.[Li Yunxiang,Liu Yucheng,Zhong Zhangcheng.Modular theory in plant population ecology[J].Journal of Ecology,1995,14(6):35-41.]
[17]Liu C,Xiang W H,Lei P F,et al.Standing fine root mass and production in four Chinese subtropical forests along a succession and species diversity gradient[J].Plant and Soil,2014,376(1/2):445-459.
[18]程瑞梅,王瑞丽,肖文发,等.三峡库区马尾松根系生物量的空间分布[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):823-832.[Cheng Ruimei,Wang Ruili,Xiao Wenfa,et al.Spatial distribution of root biomass of Pinus massoniana plantation in Three Gorges Reservoir area,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(3):823-832.]
[19]Kroon H D,Huber H,Stuefer J F,et al.A modular concept of phenotypic plasticity in plants[J].New Phytologist,2005,166(1):73-82.
[20]Poorter H,Niklas K J,Reich P B,et al.Biomass allocation leaves,stems and roots:Meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control[J].New Phytologist,2011,193(1):30-50.
[21]Willson M F.Plant Reproductive Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1983:290-296.
[22]席溢,聂朝松,徐彦红,等.4个紫花苜蓿品种生物量与植株构件的相关性研究[J].种子,2017,36(11):85-89.[Xi Yi,Nie Zhaohong,Xu Yanhong,et al.Research on correlation of biomass and plant modules in four varieties of alfalfa[J].Seed,2017,36(11):85-89.]
[23]Hui D F,Jackson R B.Geographical and interannual variability in biomass partitioning in grassland ecosystems:A synthesis of field data[J].New Phytologist,2006,169(1):85-93.
[24]Enquist B J,Niklas K J.Global allocation rules for patterns of biomass partitioning in seed plants[J].Science,2002,295(5 559):1 517-1 520.