Photoelectron imaging of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and above-threshold ionization of ammonia molecules in a strong 800-nm laser pulse
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摘要
In this work, we mainly investigate the NH3 molecular multiphoton ionization process by using the photoelectron velocity map imaging technique. Under the condition of femtosecond laser(wavelength at 800 nm), the photoelectron images are detected. The channel switching and above-threshold ionization(ATI) effect are also confirmed. The kinetic energy spectrum(KES) and the photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) are obtained through the anti-Abel transformation from the original images, and then three ionization channels are confirmed successfully according to the Freeman resonance effect in a relatively low laser intensity region. In the excitation process, the intermediate resonance Rydberg states are C~(~(～1)) A _1(6 + 2 photons process), B~(～1) E(6 + 2 photons process) and C~(～1) A _1(7 + 2 photons process), respectively. At the same time, we also find that the photoelectron angular distributions are independent of laser intensity. In addition, the electrons produced by different processes interfere with each other and they can produce a spider-like structure. We also find ac-Stark movement according to the Stark-shift-induced resonance effect when the laser intensity is relatively high.
In this work, we mainly investigate the NH3 molecular multiphoton ionization process by using the photoelectron velocity map imaging technique. Under the condition of femtosecond laser(wavelength at 800 nm), the photoelectron images are detected. The channel switching and above-threshold ionization(ATI) effect are also confirmed. The kinetic energy spectrum(KES) and the photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) are obtained through the anti-Abel transformation from the original images, and then three ionization channels are confirmed successfully according to the Freeman resonance effect in a relatively low laser intensity region. In the excitation process, the intermediate resonance Rydberg states are C~(~(～1)) A _1(6 + 2 photons process), B~(～1) E(6 + 2 photons process) and C~(～1) A _1(7 + 2 photons process), respectively. At the same time, we also find that the photoelectron angular distributions are independent of laser intensity. In addition, the electrons produced by different processes interfere with each other and they can produce a spider-like structure. We also find ac-Stark movement according to the Stark-shift-induced resonance effect when the laser intensity is relatively high.
In this work, we mainly investigate the NH3 molecular multiphoton ionization process by using the photoelectron velocity map imaging technique. Under the condition of femtosecond laser(wavelength at 800 nm), the photoelectron images are detected. The channel switching and above-threshold ionization(ATI) effect are also confirmed. The kinetic energy spectrum(KES) and the photoelectron angular distributions(PADs) are obtained through the anti-Abel transformation from the original images, and then three ionization channels are confirmed successfully according to the Freeman resonance effect in a relatively low laser intensity region. In the excitation process, the intermediate resonance Rydberg states are C~(~(～1)) A _1(6 + 2 photons process), B~(～1) E(6 + 2 photons process) and C~(～1) A _1(7 + 2 photons process), respectively. At the same time, we also find that the photoelectron angular distributions are independent of laser intensity. In addition, the electrons produced by different processes interfere with each other and they can produce a spider-like structure. We also find ac-Stark movement according to the Stark-shift-induced resonance effect when the laser intensity is relatively high.
引文
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[2] Li M, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Yuan J, Liu X, Deng Y, Wu C and Gong Q2012 Phys. Rev.A 85 13414
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[14] Wells K L, Perriam G and Stavros V G 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 074308
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[21] Xie J, Sha G, Zhang X and Zhang C 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 124 99
[22] Xie J,Jiang B,Li G,Yang S,Xu J,Sha G,Xu D,Lou N and Zhang C2000 Faraday Discuss 115 127
[23] Dribinski V, Ossadtchi A, Mandelshtam V A and Reisler H 2002 Rev.Sci. Instrum. 73 2634
[24] Luo S, Zhu R, He L, Hu W, Li X, Ma P, Wang C, Liu F, Roeterdink W G, Stolte S and Ding D 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 053408
[25] Huter O and Temps F 2017 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88 046101
[26] Yu J, Hu W, Li X, Ma P, He L, Liu F, Wang C, Luo S and Ding D 2017J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 235602
[27] Liu F C, Jin M X, Gao X and Ding D J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 344
[28] Song L L, Wang Y H, Wang X C, Sun H T, He L H, Luo S Z, Hu W H,Li D X, Zhu W H, Sun Y N, Ding D J and Liu F C 2019 Chin. Phys. B28 023101
[29] Huismans Y, et al. 2011 Science 331 61
[30] Hickstein D D, Ranitovic P, Witte S, Tong X M, Huismans Y, Arpin P, Zhou X, Keister K E, Hogle C W, Zhang B, Ding C, Johnsson P,Toshima N, Vrakking M J J, Murnane M M and Kapteyn H C 2012Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 073004
[31] Meckel M, Staudte A, Patchkovskii S, Villeneuve D, Corkum P, Dorner R and Spanner M 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 594
[32] Arbo D G, Lemell C, Nagele S, Camus N, Fechner L, Krupp A, Pfeifer T, Lopez S D, Moshammer R and Burgdorfer J 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92023402
[33] Li M, Zhang P, Luo S, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Lan P and Lu P 2015 Phys.Rev. A 92 063404
[34] Shao Y, Li M, Liu M M, Sun X, Xie X, Wang P, Deng Y, Wu C, Gong Q and Liu Y 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 013415
[35] Luo S, Hu W, Yu J, Zhu R, He L, Li X, Ma P, Wang C, Liu F and Roeterdink W G 2017 J. Phys. Chem. A 121 777
[36] Gibson G, Luk T S and Rhodes C K 1990 Phys. Rev. A 41 5049
[37] Rudenko A, Zrost K, Schroter C D, Jesus V L B D, Feuerstein B,Moshammer R and Ullrich J 2004 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37L407
[2] Li M, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Yuan J, Liu X, Deng Y, Wu C and Gong Q2012 Phys. Rev.A 85 13414
[3] Wiehle R, Witzel B, Helm H and Cormier E 2003 Phys. Rev. A 67063405
[4] Kumarappan V, Holmegaard L, Martiny C, Madsen C B, Kjeldsen T K,Viftrup S S, Madsen L B and Stapelfeldt H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100093006
[5] Becker W, Grasbon F, Kopold R, Milosevic D B, Paulus G G and Walther H 2002 Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 35
[6] Ito Y, Wang C, Le A T, Okunishi M, Ding D, Lin C D and Ueda K 2016Struct. Dyn. 3 034303
[7] Wang C, Tian Y, Luo S, Roeterdink W G, Yang Y, Ding D, Okunishi M, Prumper G, Shimada K Ueda K and Zhu. R 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90023405
[8] Freeman R R, Bucksbaum P H, Milchberg H, Darack S, Schumacher D and Geusic M E 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 1092
[9] Gibson G N, Freeman R R and Mcilrath T J 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 691904
[10] Potvliege R M and Vucic S 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 023412
[11] Mevel E, Breger P, Trainham R, Petite G, Agostini P, Chambaret J P,Migus A and Antonetti A 1992 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25 L401
[12] Conaway W E, Morrison R J S and Zare R N 1985 Chem. Phys. Lett.113 429
[13] Urbanek J, Dahmen A, Torresalacan J, Konigshoven P, Lindner J and Vohringer P 2012 J. Phys. Chem.B 116 2223
[14] Wells K L, Perriam G and Stavros V G 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 074308
[15] Kang H, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Gregoire G, Desfrancois C,Schermann J P, Barat M and Fayeton J A 2005 J. Phys. Chem. A 1092417
[16] Yu H, Evans N L, Chatterley A S, Roberts G M, Stavros V G and Ullrich S 2014 J. Phys. Chem. A 118 9438
[17] Nieman G C and Colson S D 1978 J. Chem. Phys. 68 5656
[18] Nieman G C and Colson S D 1979 J. Chem. Phys. 71 571
[19] Glownia J H, Riley S J, Colson S D and Nieman G C 1980 J. Chem.Phys. 72 5998
[20] Ashfold M N R, Bayley J M and Dixon R N 1984 Chem. Phys. 84 35
[21] Xie J, Sha G, Zhang X and Zhang C 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 124 99
[22] Xie J,Jiang B,Li G,Yang S,Xu J,Sha G,Xu D,Lou N and Zhang C2000 Faraday Discuss 115 127
[23] Dribinski V, Ossadtchi A, Mandelshtam V A and Reisler H 2002 Rev.Sci. Instrum. 73 2634
[24] Luo S, Zhu R, He L, Hu W, Li X, Ma P, Wang C, Liu F, Roeterdink W G, Stolte S and Ding D 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 053408
[25] Huter O and Temps F 2017 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88 046101
[26] Yu J, Hu W, Li X, Ma P, He L, Liu F, Wang C, Luo S and Ding D 2017J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 235602
[27] Liu F C, Jin M X, Gao X and Ding D J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 344
[28] Song L L, Wang Y H, Wang X C, Sun H T, He L H, Luo S Z, Hu W H,Li D X, Zhu W H, Sun Y N, Ding D J and Liu F C 2019 Chin. Phys. B28 023101
[29] Huismans Y, et al. 2011 Science 331 61
[30] Hickstein D D, Ranitovic P, Witte S, Tong X M, Huismans Y, Arpin P, Zhou X, Keister K E, Hogle C W, Zhang B, Ding C, Johnsson P,Toshima N, Vrakking M J J, Murnane M M and Kapteyn H C 2012Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 073004
[31] Meckel M, Staudte A, Patchkovskii S, Villeneuve D, Corkum P, Dorner R and Spanner M 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 594
[32] Arbo D G, Lemell C, Nagele S, Camus N, Fechner L, Krupp A, Pfeifer T, Lopez S D, Moshammer R and Burgdorfer J 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92023402
[33] Li M, Zhang P, Luo S, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Lan P and Lu P 2015 Phys.Rev. A 92 063404
[34] Shao Y, Li M, Liu M M, Sun X, Xie X, Wang P, Deng Y, Wu C, Gong Q and Liu Y 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 013415
[35] Luo S, Hu W, Yu J, Zhu R, He L, Li X, Ma P, Wang C, Liu F and Roeterdink W G 2017 J. Phys. Chem. A 121 777
[36] Gibson G, Luk T S and Rhodes C K 1990 Phys. Rev. A 41 5049
[37] Rudenko A, Zrost K, Schroter C D, Jesus V L B D, Feuerstein B,Moshammer R and Ullrich J 2004 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37L407