碳氮化钛合成与制备技术
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摘要
TiC、TiN及Ti(C,N)具有高熔点、高硬度等优点,兼顾耐磨、耐蚀和导电性能而被广泛用于金属陶瓷、表面处理、复合材料等领域,其合成技术获得了飞速发展。综述了TiC、TiN及Ti(C,N)的各种合成与制备技术,介绍了介质阻挡放电等离子体(DBDP)辅助球磨技术在碳、氮化物合成中的应用。介质阻挡放电等离子体(DBDP)辅助球磨不仅提高了TiC、TiN及Ti(C,N)的合成效率,而且能够获得纳米级产物。
TiC, TiN and Ti(C,N) all have high melting point, high hardness, abrasion resistance as well as electrical conductivity,which are widely used in the fields of cermet development,surface modification,composite synthesis and so on. Its synthesis technology has been developed rapidly. The synthesis techniques of TiC, TiN and Ti(C,N) were reviewed and the application of dielectical barrier discharge plasma(DBDP) assisted ball milling technology was also introduced in this paper. That dielectical barrier discharge plasma(DBDP) assisted ball milling can not only improve the preparation efficiency of TiC,TiN and Ti(C,N),but also obtain nanoscale powder.
TiC, TiN and Ti(C,N) all have high melting point, high hardness, abrasion resistance as well as electrical conductivity,which are widely used in the fields of cermet development,surface modification,composite synthesis and so on. Its synthesis technology has been developed rapidly. The synthesis techniques of TiC, TiN and Ti(C,N) were reviewed and the application of dielectical barrier discharge plasma(DBDP) assisted ball milling technology was also introduced in this paper. That dielectical barrier discharge plasma(DBDP) assisted ball milling can not only improve the preparation efficiency of TiC,TiN and Ti(C,N),but also obtain nanoscale powder.
引文
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[24]李洪桂.二氧化钛还原碳化及还原氮化的热力学探讨[J].稀有金属,1979(05):1-5.
[25]刘盼,魏恒勇,卜景龙,倪洁,等.还原氮化法制备多孔氮化钛粉体及其电化学性能[J].材料导报,2017,31(21):146-150.
[26]陶冬源,杨修春.氨气热还原法制备氮化钛纳米颗粒[J].化工管理,2017(05):180.
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[28]鲁元,龚楠,荆强征,等.碳热还原法制备多孔氮化钛陶瓷[J].陶瓷学报,2014,35(02):177-181.
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[31]刘志坚,曲选辉,黄伯云.机械合金化反应合成TiN[J].粉末冶金技术,1997(02):30-32.
[32]石青娟.非化学计量比TiNx的制备及相稳定性研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2010.
[33]周丽,殷凤仕,柳玉英.在氮气中球磨Ti粉制备纳米TiNx[J].硅酸盐通报,2004(06):75-77.
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[36]王辉平,周书助.TiO2在N2气氛中碳热还原直接合成TiCN固溶体的研究[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,1996(04):25-29.
[37]向道平,刘颖,赵志伟,等.纳米晶Ti(C_(0.45),N_(0.55))固溶体粉末的合成及表征[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006(S2):339-342.
[38]李喜坤,修稚萌,孙旭东,等.淀粉还原氢化钛制备Ti(C,N)纳米粉[J].东北大学学报,2003(03):272-275.
[39]向军辉,肖汉宁.溶胶-凝胶工艺合成Ti(C,N)超细粉末[J].无机材料学报,1998(05):739-744.
[40]黄向东,葛昌纯,夏元洛.氨解法制备的Ti(C、N)粉末及其性能[J].耐火材料,1998(02):63-65.
[41]康志君,李明怡,白淑珍,等.Ti(C_xN_(1-x))粉末SHS工艺研究[J].硬质合金,1996(02):82-85.
[42]石玉龙,彭红瑞,李世直,等.离子体金属有机物化学气相沉积碳氮化钛[J].表面技术,1997(05):4-6.
[43]Zhang S.,Tam S.C..Mechanical alloying of a TiC-TiNceramic system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,67(1-3):112-116.
[44]Xiang D.P.,Liu Y.,Tu M.J.,et al.Synthesis of nano Ti(C,N)powder by mechanical activation and subsequent carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(1):111-114.
[45]Bhaskar U.K.,Pradhan S.K..One-step mechanosynthesis of nano structured Ti(CxN1-x)cermets at room temperature and their microstructure characterization[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2012,134(2-3):1088-1096.
[46]Yuan Q.,Zheng Y.,Yu H.Z..Rapid synthesis of Ti(C,N)powders by mechanical alloying and subsequent arc discharging[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(7):1545-1549.
[47]Chen X.,Xu J.,Xiong W.,et al.Mechanochemical synthesis of Ti(C,N)nanopowder from titanium and melamine[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,50:152-156.
[48]朱敏,鲁忠臣,胡仁宗,欧阳柳章.介质阻挡放电等离子体辅助球磨及其在材料制备中的应用[J].金属学报,2016,52(10):1239-1248.
[49]Calka A.,Wexler D.Mechanical milling assisted by electrical discharge[J].Nature,2002,419(6903):147-151.
[50]Aksenczuk A.,Calka A..Plasma assisted absorption and reversible desorption of hydrogen gas in zirconium powder using electric discharge assisted mechanical milling method[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,681:434-443.
[51]陈祖健.等离子体辅助球磨制备碳化物和碳氮化物[D].广州:华南理工大学,2019.
[52]Zhu M.,Dai L.Y.,Gu N.S.,et al.Synergism of mechanical milling and dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the fabrication of nano-powders of pure metals and tungsten carbide[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,478(1-2):624-629.
[53]王为.WC-Co硬质合金中WC的形态和双尺度结构对其力学性能的影响[D].广州:华南理工大学,2018.
[54]Wang W.,Lu Z.,Zeng M.,et al.Achieving high transverse rupture strength of WC-8Co hardmetals through forming plate-like WC grains by plasma assisted milling[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2017,190:128-135.
[55]陈志鸿.放电等离子体辅助球磨机的改进及其效能的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.
[2]李伟,蒋明学,谢毕强,等.碳氮化钛的制备与应用[J].山东陶瓷,2009,32(3):18-21.
[3]黄金昌.碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,1994(04):43-48.
[4]Koc R..Kinetics and phase evolution during carbothermal synthesis of titanium carbide from ultrafine titania/carbon mixture[J].Journal of Materials Science,1998,33(4):1049-1055.
[5]Sen W.,Sun H.,Yang B.,et al.Preparation of titanium carbide powders by carbothermal reduction of titania/charcoal at vacuum condition[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2010,28(5):628-632.
[6]向道平,李元元.机械激活工艺对TiO2碳热还原合成纳米TiC的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(14):55-57.
[7]Gotoh Y.,Fujimura K.,Koike M.,et al.Synthesis of titanium carbide from a composite of TiO2nanoparticles/methyl cellulose by carbothermal reduction[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36(13-14):2263-2275.
[8]Chandra N.,Sharma M.,Singh D.K.,et al.Synthesis of nano-TiC powder using titanium gel precursor and carbon particles[J].Materials Letters,2009,63(12):1051-1053.
[9]Harbuck D.D..气相法生产氮化钛和碳化钛粉[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1987(4):44-48.
[10]Pan J.,Cao R.,Yuan Y..A new approach to the mass production of titanium carbide,nitride and carbonitride whiskers by Spouted Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition[J].Materials Letters,2006,60(5):626-629.
[11]郭海明,舒武炳,乔生儒,等.化学气相沉积碳化钛的热力学和动力学研究[J].材料工程,1998(10):25-29.
[12]于瀛秀,董星龙,薛方红,等.碳包覆碳化钛壳/核型纳米材料制备及其电催化[J].纳米科技,2013(1):59-63.
[13]Bavbande D.V.,Mishra R.,Juneja J.M..Studies on the kinetics of synthesis of TiC by calciothermic reduction of TiO2in presence of carbon[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2004,78(3):775-780.
[14]Ma J.,Wu M.,Du Y.,et al.Synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium carbide with a new convenient route at low temperature and its thermal stability[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2008,153(1):96-99.
[15]王金淑,周美玲.自蔓延法制备TiC粉末的研究[J].北京工业大学学报,1998,24(3):29-33.
[16]陈怡元,邹正光,龙飞.碳源对自蔓延高温合成TiC粉末的影响[J].桂林理工大学学报,2006,26(4):534-537.
[17]Takacs L..Self-sustaining reactions induced by ball milling[J].Progress in Materials Science,2002,47(4):355-414.
[18]Zhu X.,Zhao K.,Cheng B.,et al.Synthesis of nanocrystalline TiC powder by mechanical alloying[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2001,16(1-2):103-105.
[19]Lohse B.H.,Calka A.,Wexler D..Effect of starting composition on the synthesis of nanocrystalline TiC during milling of titanium and carbon[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2005,394(1-2):148-151.
[20]康新婷,蒋纪麟,刘素英.氮化钛粉的自燃烧合成技术[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1995(01):7-14.
[21]邬渊文,庄汉锐,张宝林.高压氮气中自蔓延燃烧合成氮化钛[J].无机材料学报,1993(04):441-446.
[22]李世直,赵程,石玉龙,等.直流等离子体化学气相沉积氮化钛及其应用[J].青岛化工学院学报,1987(03):1-7.
[23]郑秋麟,佟向鹏.气相沉积技术在产品中的应用及发展[J].航空精密制造技术,2013,49(02):23-27.
[24]李洪桂.二氧化钛还原碳化及还原氮化的热力学探讨[J].稀有金属,1979(05):1-5.
[25]刘盼,魏恒勇,卜景龙,倪洁,等.还原氮化法制备多孔氮化钛粉体及其电化学性能[J].材料导报,2017,31(21):146-150.
[26]陶冬源,杨修春.氨气热还原法制备氮化钛纳米颗粒[J].化工管理,2017(05):180.
[27]Min Luo,Jiqiang Gao,Xiao Zhang,Jianfeng Yang,Guangya Hou,Da Ouyang,Zhihao Jin.Processing of porous TiN/C ceramics from biological templates[J].Materials Letters,2007,61(1).
[28]鲁元,龚楠,荆强征,等.碳热还原法制备多孔氮化钛陶瓷[J].陶瓷学报,2014,35(02):177-181.
[29]Wexler D,Calka A,Mosbah A Y.Ti-TiN hardmetals prepared by in situ formation of TiN during reactive ball milling of Ti in ammonia[J].Journal of alloys and Compounds,2000,309(1-2):201-207.
[30]Zhang F,Kaczmarek W A,Lu L,et al.Formation of titanium nitrides via wet reaction ball milling[J].Journal of alloys and Compounds,2000,307(1-2):249-253.
[31]刘志坚,曲选辉,黄伯云.机械合金化反应合成TiN[J].粉末冶金技术,1997(02):30-32.
[32]石青娟.非化学计量比TiNx的制备及相稳定性研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2010.
[33]周丽,殷凤仕,柳玉英.在氮气中球磨Ti粉制备纳米TiNx[J].硅酸盐通报,2004(06):75-77.
[34]Frederic M onteverde,Valentina Medri,Alida Bellosi.Synthesis of ultrafine titanium carbonitride powders[J].Applied Organometallic Chemistry,2001,15:421-429.
[35]于仁红,王宝玉,蒋明学,等.碳热还原氮化法制备碳氮化钛粉末[J].耐火材料,2006(01):9-11.
[36]王辉平,周书助.TiO2在N2气氛中碳热还原直接合成TiCN固溶体的研究[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,1996(04):25-29.
[37]向道平,刘颖,赵志伟,等.纳米晶Ti(C_(0.45),N_(0.55))固溶体粉末的合成及表征[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006(S2):339-342.
[38]李喜坤,修稚萌,孙旭东,等.淀粉还原氢化钛制备Ti(C,N)纳米粉[J].东北大学学报,2003(03):272-275.
[39]向军辉,肖汉宁.溶胶-凝胶工艺合成Ti(C,N)超细粉末[J].无机材料学报,1998(05):739-744.
[40]黄向东,葛昌纯,夏元洛.氨解法制备的Ti(C、N)粉末及其性能[J].耐火材料,1998(02):63-65.
[41]康志君,李明怡,白淑珍,等.Ti(C_xN_(1-x))粉末SHS工艺研究[J].硬质合金,1996(02):82-85.
[42]石玉龙,彭红瑞,李世直,等.离子体金属有机物化学气相沉积碳氮化钛[J].表面技术,1997(05):4-6.
[43]Zhang S.,Tam S.C..Mechanical alloying of a TiC-TiNceramic system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,67(1-3):112-116.
[44]Xiang D.P.,Liu Y.,Tu M.J.,et al.Synthesis of nano Ti(C,N)powder by mechanical activation and subsequent carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(1):111-114.
[45]Bhaskar U.K.,Pradhan S.K..One-step mechanosynthesis of nano structured Ti(CxN1-x)cermets at room temperature and their microstructure characterization[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2012,134(2-3):1088-1096.
[46]Yuan Q.,Zheng Y.,Yu H.Z..Rapid synthesis of Ti(C,N)powders by mechanical alloying and subsequent arc discharging[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(7):1545-1549.
[47]Chen X.,Xu J.,Xiong W.,et al.Mechanochemical synthesis of Ti(C,N)nanopowder from titanium and melamine[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,50:152-156.
[48]朱敏,鲁忠臣,胡仁宗,欧阳柳章.介质阻挡放电等离子体辅助球磨及其在材料制备中的应用[J].金属学报,2016,52(10):1239-1248.
[49]Calka A.,Wexler D.Mechanical milling assisted by electrical discharge[J].Nature,2002,419(6903):147-151.
[50]Aksenczuk A.,Calka A..Plasma assisted absorption and reversible desorption of hydrogen gas in zirconium powder using electric discharge assisted mechanical milling method[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,681:434-443.
[51]陈祖健.等离子体辅助球磨制备碳化物和碳氮化物[D].广州:华南理工大学,2019.
[52]Zhu M.,Dai L.Y.,Gu N.S.,et al.Synergism of mechanical milling and dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the fabrication of nano-powders of pure metals and tungsten carbide[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,478(1-2):624-629.
[53]王为.WC-Co硬质合金中WC的形态和双尺度结构对其力学性能的影响[D].广州:华南理工大学,2018.
[54]Wang W.,Lu Z.,Zeng M.,et al.Achieving high transverse rupture strength of WC-8Co hardmetals through forming plate-like WC grains by plasma assisted milling[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2017,190:128-135.
[55]陈志鸿.放电等离子体辅助球磨机的改进及其效能的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.