Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Novel Salt-Tolerant Rice Germplasms from the Philippines and Bangladesh
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摘要
To screen for new sources of salinity tolerance, 688 traditional rice varieties from the Philippines and Bangladesh were obtained, and their tolerance to hypersaline conditions at the seedling stage was examined. A total of 29 Philippine lines and 15 Bangladeshi lines were scored as salt-tolerant.Morphological assessment(plant height, biomass and Na-K ratio) revealed that among the 44 salt-tolerant accessions, Casibon, Kalagnon and Ikogan had significantly higher relative shoot length difference, relative shoot growth reduction and shoot Na-K ratio than the tolerant check FL478.Additionally, AC and Akundo exhibited significantly higher Na-K ratios than the other genotypes. The genetic diversity of the 44 genotypes was assessed using 34 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 133 alleles were detected across all loci. Cluster analysis showed that AC, Akundo and Kuplod were clustered along with FL478, indicating a strong genetic relatedness between these genotypes. IR29(susceptible check) was singly separated. The haplotype analysis revealed that none of the 44 genotypes had a similar allele combination as FL478. These accessions are of interest since each genotype might be different from the classical salinity-tolerant Pokkali.
To screen for new sources of salinity tolerance, 688 traditional rice varieties from the Philippines and Bangladesh were obtained, and their tolerance to hypersaline conditions at the seedling stage was examined. A total of 29 Philippine lines and 15 Bangladeshi lines were scored as salt-tolerant.Morphological assessment(plant height, biomass and Na-K ratio) revealed that among the 44 salt-tolerant accessions, Casibon, Kalagnon and Ikogan had significantly higher relative shoot length difference, relative shoot growth reduction and shoot Na-K ratio than the tolerant check FL478.Additionally, AC and Akundo exhibited significantly higher Na-K ratios than the other genotypes. The genetic diversity of the 44 genotypes was assessed using 34 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 133 alleles were detected across all loci. Cluster analysis showed that AC, Akundo and Kuplod were clustered along with FL478, indicating a strong genetic relatedness between these genotypes. IR29(susceptible check) was singly separated. The haplotype analysis revealed that none of the 44 genotypes had a similar allele combination as FL478. These accessions are of interest since each genotype might be different from the classical salinity-tolerant Pokkali.
To screen for new sources of salinity tolerance, 688 traditional rice varieties from the Philippines and Bangladesh were obtained, and their tolerance to hypersaline conditions at the seedling stage was examined. A total of 29 Philippine lines and 15 Bangladeshi lines were scored as salt-tolerant.Morphological assessment(plant height, biomass and Na-K ratio) revealed that among the 44 salt-tolerant accessions, Casibon, Kalagnon and Ikogan had significantly higher relative shoot length difference, relative shoot growth reduction and shoot Na-K ratio than the tolerant check FL478.Additionally, AC and Akundo exhibited significantly higher Na-K ratios than the other genotypes. The genetic diversity of the 44 genotypes was assessed using 34 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 133 alleles were detected across all loci. Cluster analysis showed that AC, Akundo and Kuplod were clustered along with FL478, indicating a strong genetic relatedness between these genotypes. IR29(susceptible check) was singly separated. The haplotype analysis revealed that none of the 44 genotypes had a similar allele combination as FL478. These accessions are of interest since each genotype might be different from the classical salinity-tolerant Pokkali.
引文
Asfaw K G.2011.Effects of salinity on seedling biomass production and relative water content of twenty sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench)accessions.Asian J Agric Sci,3(3):242-249.
Bhowmik S K,Titov S,Islam M M,Siddika A,Sultana S,Haquel M D S.2009.Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at seedling stage for salt tolerance.Afr J Biotechnol,8(23):6490-6494.
Bonilla P S,Dvorak J,Mackill D,Deal K,Gregorio G.2002.RFLP and SSLP mapping of salinity tolerance genes in chromosome 1 of rice(Oryza sativa L.)using recombinant inbred lines.Phil Agric Sci,65(1):68-76.
Delaporta S L,Wood J,Hicks J B.1983.A plant DNAminipreparation:Version II.Plant Mol Biol Rep,1(4):19-21.
Demiral T,Türkan I.2005.Comparative lipid peroxidation,antioxidant defence systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars in salt tolerance.Environ Exp Bot,53:247-257.
Felsentein J.1989.PHYLIP:Phylogeny inference package(version3.2).Cladistics,5:164-166.
Flowers T,Flowers S.2005.Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders?Agric Water Manag,78(1):15-24.
Ganie S A,Karmakar J,Roychowdhury R,Mondal T K,Dey N.2014.Assessment of genetic diversity in salt-tolerant rice and its wild relative for ten SSR loci and one allele mining primer of sal T gene located on 1st chromosome.Plant Syst Evol,300:1741-1747.
Ghosh N,Adak M K,Ghosh P D,Gupta S,Sen Gupta D N,Mandal C.2011.Differential responses of two rice varieties to salt stress.Plant Biotechnol Rep,5:89-103.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D.1993.Genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Theor Appl Genet,86:333-338.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D,Mendoza R D.1997.Screening rice for salinity tolerance.In:IRRI Discussion Paper Series No.22.Los Ba?os,Laguna,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D,Mendoza R D,Manigbas N L,Roxas JP,Guerta C Q.2002.Progress in breeding for salinity tolerance and associated abiotic stresses in rice.Field Crops Res,76(2/3):91-101.
Guevarra E,Loresto G C,Jackson M T.2001.Use of conserved rice germplasm.Plant Genet Resour Newslett,124:51-56.
Ha S,Vankova R,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K,Tran L S.2012.Cytokinins:Metabolism and function in plant adaptation to environmental stresses.Trends Plant Sci,17(3):172-179.
Hamid M A,Islam M R.1984.Rice cultivation in the tidal swamps of Bangladesh.In:Workshop on Research Priorities in Tidal Swamp Rice.Los Ba?os,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute:69-77.
Hoang T M L,Tran T N,Nguyen T K T,Williams B,Wurm P,Bellairs S,Mundree S.2016.Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice:Challenges and opportunities.Agronomy,6(54):1-23.
Hoisington D,Khairallah M,Reeves T,Ribaut J M,Skovmand B,Taba S,Warburton M.1999.Plant genetic resources:What can they contribute toward increased crop productivity?Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96:5937-5943.
Horie T,Karahara I,Katsuhara M.2012.Salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes:An overview with the central focus on rice plants.Rice,5(1):1-18.
Iqbal A,Shoajib J.1993.Evaluation of soil and water salinity for cropping in the coastal region of Bangladesh.J Noami,10:12-18.
Islam M R,Salam M A,Hassan L,Collard B C Y,Singh R K,Gregorio G B.2011.QTL mapping for salinity tolerance at seedling stage in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Emir J Food Agric,23(2):137-146.
James R A,Rivelli A R,Munns R,Caemmerer S V.2002.Factors affecting CO2 assimilation,leaf injury and growth in salt-stressed durum wheat.Funct Plant Biol,29:1393-1403.
Janaguiraman D M,Ramadass R,Devi D D.2003.Effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth in rice genotypes.Madras Agric J,90(1/2/3):50-53.
Javed A S,Khan M F A.1975.Effect of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate on IRRI rice.J Agric Res,13:705-710.
Kader M A,Lindberg S.2005.Uptake of sodium in protoplasts of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars of rice,Oryza sativa L.determined by the fluorescent dye SBFI.J Exp Bot,56:3149-3158.
Khan M S A,Hamid A,Karim M A.1997.Effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different types of rice(Oryza sativa L.).J Agron Crop Sci,179:163-169.
Kumar K,Kumar M,Kim S R,Ryu H,Cho Y G.2013.Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice.Rice,6(1):27.
Lafitte H,Ismail A,Bennett J.2004.Abiotic stress tolerance in rice for Asia:Progress and the future.In:Proceedings of a Symposium on the New Directions for a Diverse Planet at the4th Meeting of the International Crop Science Congress.September 26 to October 1,2004.Brisbane,Australia:International Crop Science Congress:1-17.
Lapitan V C,Brar D S,Abe T,Redo?a E D.2007.Assessment of genetic diversity of Philippine rice cultivars carrying good quality traits using SSR markers.Breeding Sci,57(4):263-270.
Lisa L A,Seraj Z I,Elahi C M F,Das K C,Biswas K,Islam M R,Salam M A,Gomosta A R.2004.Genetic variation in microsatellite DNA,physiology and morphology of coastal saline rice(Oryza sativa L.)landraces of Bangladesh.Plant Soil,263:213-228.
Lee K S,Choi W Y,Ko J C,Kim T S,Gregorio G B.2003.Salinity tolerance of japonica and indica rice(Oryza sativa L.)at the seedling stage.Planta,216:1043-1046.
Liu K,Muse S V.2005.Powermarker:An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis.Bioinformatics,21(9):2128-2129.
Mazid M A,Malek M A,Hossain M.2016.The BRAC approach to small farmer innovations.In:Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development.Switzerland:Springer International Publishing:99-112.
Mishra B,Singh R,Senadhira D.2003.Advances in breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties.In:Khush G S,Brar D S,Hardy B.Advances in Rice Genetics.Proceedings of a Symposium on Rice Genetics at the 4th meeting of the International Rice Genetics Symposium;October 22-27,2000.Los Ba?os,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute:5-7.
Mohamed A M,Natarajan S,Vanathi D,Ramasamy S,Sathyamoorthi K.2007.Lowland rice in costal saline soils:Areview.Agric Rev,28(4):245-253.
Mohammadi-Nejad G,Arzani A,Rezai A M,Singh R K,Gregorio G B.2008.Assessment of rice genotypes for salt tolerance using microsatellite markers associated with the Saltol QTL.Afr JBiotechnol,7(6):730-736.
Mohammadi-Nejad G,Singh R K,Arzani A,Rezaie A M,Sabouri H,Gregorio G B.2009.Evaluation of salinity tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)genotypes.Int J Plant Prod,4:199-208.
Moradi F,Ismail A M.2007.Responses of photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and ros-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice.Ann Bot,99:1161-1173.
Moreno L,Ordo?ez S,Dela Cruz I,Redo?a E.2003.Relationship of parental genetic diversity with heterosis in two-line and three-line Philippine rice hybrids.In:Khush G S,Brar D S,Hardy B.Advances in Rice Genetics.Proceedings of a Symposium on Rice Genetics at the 4th Meeting of the International Rice Research Institute:12-14.
Munns R,Tester M.2008.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance.Annu Rev Plant Biol,59:651-681.
Natarajan S,Ganapthy M,Krishnakumar S,Dhanalakshmi R,Saliha B.2005.Grouping of rice genotypes for salinity tolerance based upon grain yield and Na:K ratio under coastal environment.Res J Agric Biol Sci,1(2):162-165.
Phil Rice(Philippine Rice Research Institute).2011.Management of salt-affected soils for rice production.Department Agric,77:1-28.
Qin F,Kodaira K S,Maruyama K,Mizoi J,Tran L S,Fujita Y,Morimoto K,Shinozaki K,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K.2011.SPINDLY,a negative regulator of gibberellic acid signaling,is involved in the plant abiotic stress response.Plant Physiol,157:1900-1913.
Rahman M A,Thomson M J,Shah-E-Alam M,de Ocampo M,Egdane J,Ismail A M.2016.Exploring novel genetic sources of salinity tolerance in rice through molecular and physiological characterization.Ann Bot,117(6):1083-1097.
Rajendran K,Tester M,Roy S J.2009.Quantifying the three main components of salinity tolerance in cereals.Plant Cell Environ,32(3):237-249.
Rashid MM,Imran S,Islam MA,Hassan L.2018.Genetic diversity analysis of rice landraces(Oryza sativa L.)for salt tolerance using SSR markers in Bangladesh.Fund Appl Agric,3(2):460-466.
Reddy I N B L,Kim B K,Yoon I S,Kim K H.2017.Salt tolerance in rice:Focus on mechanisms and approaches.Rice Sci,24(3):123-144.
Rines H W,Molnar S J,Tinker N A,Phillips R L.2006.Cereals and millets.In:Kole C.Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants.Berlin:Springer:211-242.
Roy S K,Patra S K,Sarkar K K.2002.Studies on the effect of salinity stress on rice(Oryza sativa L.)at seedling stage.JInterac,6(3):254-259.
Nei M,Chesser R K.1983.Estimation of fication indices and gene diversities.Ann Human Genet,47(3):253-259.
Saxena M K,Pandey U K.1981.Physiological studies on salt tolerance of ten rice varieties growth and yield aspect.Ind JPlant Physiol,24:61-68.
Schmidt R,Caldanab C,Mueller-Roeberab B,Schippers J H M.2014.The contribution of SERF1 to root-to-shoot signaling during salinity stress in rice.Plant Sig Behav,9(1):1-10.
Sexcion F S H,Egdane J A,Ismail A M,Dionisio-Sese M L.2009.Morpho-physiological traits associated with tolerance of salinity during seedling stage in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Phil J Crop Sci,34(2):27-37.
Sirault X R R,James R A,Furbank R T.2009.A new screening method for osmotic component of salinity tolerance in cereals using infrared thermography.Funct Plant Biol,36(11):970-977.
Tahjib-Ul-Arif M D,Sayed M A,Islam M M,Siddiqui M N,Begum S N,Hossain M A.2018.Screening of rice landraces(Oryza sativa L.)for seedling stage salinity tolerance using morpho-physiological and molecular markers.Acta Physiol Plant,40(70):1-12.
Thomson M J,de Ocampo M,Egdane J,Rahman M A,Sajise A G,Adorada D L,Tumimbang-Raiz E,Blumwald E,Seraj Z I,Singh R K,Gregorio G B,Ismail A M.2010.Characterizing the Saltol quantitative trait locus for salinity tolerance in rice.Rice,3(2/3):148-160.
Türkana I,Demiral T.2009.Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance.Environ Exp Bot,67:2-9.
Umali D L.1993.Irrigation-Induced Salinity a Growing Problem for Development and the Environment.Washington DC,USA:the Word Bank.
Verslues P E,Agarwal M,Katiyar-Agarwal S,Zhu J H,Zhu J K.2006.Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought,salt and freezing,abiotic stresses that affect plant water status.Plant J,45(4):523-539.
Wahhab A.1961.Salt tolerance of various varieties of agricultural crops at germination stage.In:Salinity Problems in the Arid Zone,Proc.Teheran Symp.Arid Zone Res,14:185-192.
Walia H,Wilson C,Condamine P,Liu X,Ismail A M,Zeng L,Wanamaker S I,Mandal J,Xu J,Cui X,Close T J.2005.Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes under salinity stress during the vegetative growth stage.Plant Physiol,139:822-835.
Xu Y,Crouch J.2008.Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding:From publications to practice.Crop Sci,48:391-407.
Yeo A R,Yeo M E,Flowers S A,Flowers T J.1990.Screening of rice(Oryza sativa)genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance,and their relationship to overall performance.Theor Appl Genet,79(3):377-384.
Yoshida S,Forno D A,Cock J H,Gomez K A.1976.Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice.3rd edn.Los Banos,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute:83.
Zeng L H,Shannon M C.2000.Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components rice.Crop Sci,40(4):996-1003.
Bhowmik S K,Titov S,Islam M M,Siddika A,Sultana S,Haquel M D S.2009.Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at seedling stage for salt tolerance.Afr J Biotechnol,8(23):6490-6494.
Bonilla P S,Dvorak J,Mackill D,Deal K,Gregorio G.2002.RFLP and SSLP mapping of salinity tolerance genes in chromosome 1 of rice(Oryza sativa L.)using recombinant inbred lines.Phil Agric Sci,65(1):68-76.
Delaporta S L,Wood J,Hicks J B.1983.A plant DNAminipreparation:Version II.Plant Mol Biol Rep,1(4):19-21.
Demiral T,Türkan I.2005.Comparative lipid peroxidation,antioxidant defence systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars in salt tolerance.Environ Exp Bot,53:247-257.
Felsentein J.1989.PHYLIP:Phylogeny inference package(version3.2).Cladistics,5:164-166.
Flowers T,Flowers S.2005.Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders?Agric Water Manag,78(1):15-24.
Ganie S A,Karmakar J,Roychowdhury R,Mondal T K,Dey N.2014.Assessment of genetic diversity in salt-tolerant rice and its wild relative for ten SSR loci and one allele mining primer of sal T gene located on 1st chromosome.Plant Syst Evol,300:1741-1747.
Ghosh N,Adak M K,Ghosh P D,Gupta S,Sen Gupta D N,Mandal C.2011.Differential responses of two rice varieties to salt stress.Plant Biotechnol Rep,5:89-103.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D.1993.Genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Theor Appl Genet,86:333-338.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D,Mendoza R D.1997.Screening rice for salinity tolerance.In:IRRI Discussion Paper Series No.22.Los Ba?os,Laguna,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute.
Gregorio G B,Senadhira D,Mendoza R D,Manigbas N L,Roxas JP,Guerta C Q.2002.Progress in breeding for salinity tolerance and associated abiotic stresses in rice.Field Crops Res,76(2/3):91-101.
Guevarra E,Loresto G C,Jackson M T.2001.Use of conserved rice germplasm.Plant Genet Resour Newslett,124:51-56.
Ha S,Vankova R,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K,Tran L S.2012.Cytokinins:Metabolism and function in plant adaptation to environmental stresses.Trends Plant Sci,17(3):172-179.
Hamid M A,Islam M R.1984.Rice cultivation in the tidal swamps of Bangladesh.In:Workshop on Research Priorities in Tidal Swamp Rice.Los Ba?os,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute:69-77.
Hoang T M L,Tran T N,Nguyen T K T,Williams B,Wurm P,Bellairs S,Mundree S.2016.Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice:Challenges and opportunities.Agronomy,6(54):1-23.
Hoisington D,Khairallah M,Reeves T,Ribaut J M,Skovmand B,Taba S,Warburton M.1999.Plant genetic resources:What can they contribute toward increased crop productivity?Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96:5937-5943.
Horie T,Karahara I,Katsuhara M.2012.Salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes:An overview with the central focus on rice plants.Rice,5(1):1-18.
Iqbal A,Shoajib J.1993.Evaluation of soil and water salinity for cropping in the coastal region of Bangladesh.J Noami,10:12-18.
Islam M R,Salam M A,Hassan L,Collard B C Y,Singh R K,Gregorio G B.2011.QTL mapping for salinity tolerance at seedling stage in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Emir J Food Agric,23(2):137-146.
James R A,Rivelli A R,Munns R,Caemmerer S V.2002.Factors affecting CO2 assimilation,leaf injury and growth in salt-stressed durum wheat.Funct Plant Biol,29:1393-1403.
Janaguiraman D M,Ramadass R,Devi D D.2003.Effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth in rice genotypes.Madras Agric J,90(1/2/3):50-53.
Javed A S,Khan M F A.1975.Effect of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate on IRRI rice.J Agric Res,13:705-710.
Kader M A,Lindberg S.2005.Uptake of sodium in protoplasts of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars of rice,Oryza sativa L.determined by the fluorescent dye SBFI.J Exp Bot,56:3149-3158.
Khan M S A,Hamid A,Karim M A.1997.Effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different types of rice(Oryza sativa L.).J Agron Crop Sci,179:163-169.
Kumar K,Kumar M,Kim S R,Ryu H,Cho Y G.2013.Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice.Rice,6(1):27.
Lafitte H,Ismail A,Bennett J.2004.Abiotic stress tolerance in rice for Asia:Progress and the future.In:Proceedings of a Symposium on the New Directions for a Diverse Planet at the4th Meeting of the International Crop Science Congress.September 26 to October 1,2004.Brisbane,Australia:International Crop Science Congress:1-17.
Lapitan V C,Brar D S,Abe T,Redo?a E D.2007.Assessment of genetic diversity of Philippine rice cultivars carrying good quality traits using SSR markers.Breeding Sci,57(4):263-270.
Lisa L A,Seraj Z I,Elahi C M F,Das K C,Biswas K,Islam M R,Salam M A,Gomosta A R.2004.Genetic variation in microsatellite DNA,physiology and morphology of coastal saline rice(Oryza sativa L.)landraces of Bangladesh.Plant Soil,263:213-228.
Lee K S,Choi W Y,Ko J C,Kim T S,Gregorio G B.2003.Salinity tolerance of japonica and indica rice(Oryza sativa L.)at the seedling stage.Planta,216:1043-1046.
Liu K,Muse S V.2005.Powermarker:An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis.Bioinformatics,21(9):2128-2129.
Mazid M A,Malek M A,Hossain M.2016.The BRAC approach to small farmer innovations.In:Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development.Switzerland:Springer International Publishing:99-112.
Mishra B,Singh R,Senadhira D.2003.Advances in breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties.In:Khush G S,Brar D S,Hardy B.Advances in Rice Genetics.Proceedings of a Symposium on Rice Genetics at the 4th meeting of the International Rice Genetics Symposium;October 22-27,2000.Los Ba?os,the Philippines:International Rice Research Institute:5-7.
Mohamed A M,Natarajan S,Vanathi D,Ramasamy S,Sathyamoorthi K.2007.Lowland rice in costal saline soils:Areview.Agric Rev,28(4):245-253.
Mohammadi-Nejad G,Arzani A,Rezai A M,Singh R K,Gregorio G B.2008.Assessment of rice genotypes for salt tolerance using microsatellite markers associated with the Saltol QTL.Afr JBiotechnol,7(6):730-736.
Mohammadi-Nejad G,Singh R K,Arzani A,Rezaie A M,Sabouri H,Gregorio G B.2009.Evaluation of salinity tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)genotypes.Int J Plant Prod,4:199-208.
Moradi F,Ismail A M.2007.Responses of photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and ros-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice.Ann Bot,99:1161-1173.
Moreno L,Ordo?ez S,Dela Cruz I,Redo?a E.2003.Relationship of parental genetic diversity with heterosis in two-line and three-line Philippine rice hybrids.In:Khush G S,Brar D S,Hardy B.Advances in Rice Genetics.Proceedings of a Symposium on Rice Genetics at the 4th Meeting of the International Rice Research Institute:12-14.
Munns R,Tester M.2008.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance.Annu Rev Plant Biol,59:651-681.
Natarajan S,Ganapthy M,Krishnakumar S,Dhanalakshmi R,Saliha B.2005.Grouping of rice genotypes for salinity tolerance based upon grain yield and Na:K ratio under coastal environment.Res J Agric Biol Sci,1(2):162-165.
Phil Rice(Philippine Rice Research Institute).2011.Management of salt-affected soils for rice production.Department Agric,77:1-28.
Qin F,Kodaira K S,Maruyama K,Mizoi J,Tran L S,Fujita Y,Morimoto K,Shinozaki K,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K.2011.SPINDLY,a negative regulator of gibberellic acid signaling,is involved in the plant abiotic stress response.Plant Physiol,157:1900-1913.
Rahman M A,Thomson M J,Shah-E-Alam M,de Ocampo M,Egdane J,Ismail A M.2016.Exploring novel genetic sources of salinity tolerance in rice through molecular and physiological characterization.Ann Bot,117(6):1083-1097.
Rajendran K,Tester M,Roy S J.2009.Quantifying the three main components of salinity tolerance in cereals.Plant Cell Environ,32(3):237-249.
Rashid MM,Imran S,Islam MA,Hassan L.2018.Genetic diversity analysis of rice landraces(Oryza sativa L.)for salt tolerance using SSR markers in Bangladesh.Fund Appl Agric,3(2):460-466.
Reddy I N B L,Kim B K,Yoon I S,Kim K H.2017.Salt tolerance in rice:Focus on mechanisms and approaches.Rice Sci,24(3):123-144.
Rines H W,Molnar S J,Tinker N A,Phillips R L.2006.Cereals and millets.In:Kole C.Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants.Berlin:Springer:211-242.
Roy S K,Patra S K,Sarkar K K.2002.Studies on the effect of salinity stress on rice(Oryza sativa L.)at seedling stage.JInterac,6(3):254-259.
Nei M,Chesser R K.1983.Estimation of fication indices and gene diversities.Ann Human Genet,47(3):253-259.
Saxena M K,Pandey U K.1981.Physiological studies on salt tolerance of ten rice varieties growth and yield aspect.Ind JPlant Physiol,24:61-68.
Schmidt R,Caldanab C,Mueller-Roeberab B,Schippers J H M.2014.The contribution of SERF1 to root-to-shoot signaling during salinity stress in rice.Plant Sig Behav,9(1):1-10.
Sexcion F S H,Egdane J A,Ismail A M,Dionisio-Sese M L.2009.Morpho-physiological traits associated with tolerance of salinity during seedling stage in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Phil J Crop Sci,34(2):27-37.
Sirault X R R,James R A,Furbank R T.2009.A new screening method for osmotic component of salinity tolerance in cereals using infrared thermography.Funct Plant Biol,36(11):970-977.
Tahjib-Ul-Arif M D,Sayed M A,Islam M M,Siddiqui M N,Begum S N,Hossain M A.2018.Screening of rice landraces(Oryza sativa L.)for seedling stage salinity tolerance using morpho-physiological and molecular markers.Acta Physiol Plant,40(70):1-12.
Thomson M J,de Ocampo M,Egdane J,Rahman M A,Sajise A G,Adorada D L,Tumimbang-Raiz E,Blumwald E,Seraj Z I,Singh R K,Gregorio G B,Ismail A M.2010.Characterizing the Saltol quantitative trait locus for salinity tolerance in rice.Rice,3(2/3):148-160.
Türkana I,Demiral T.2009.Recent developments in understanding salinity tolerance.Environ Exp Bot,67:2-9.
Umali D L.1993.Irrigation-Induced Salinity a Growing Problem for Development and the Environment.Washington DC,USA:the Word Bank.
Verslues P E,Agarwal M,Katiyar-Agarwal S,Zhu J H,Zhu J K.2006.Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought,salt and freezing,abiotic stresses that affect plant water status.Plant J,45(4):523-539.
Wahhab A.1961.Salt tolerance of various varieties of agricultural crops at germination stage.In:Salinity Problems in the Arid Zone,Proc.Teheran Symp.Arid Zone Res,14:185-192.
Walia H,Wilson C,Condamine P,Liu X,Ismail A M,Zeng L,Wanamaker S I,Mandal J,Xu J,Cui X,Close T J.2005.Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes under salinity stress during the vegetative growth stage.Plant Physiol,139:822-835.
Xu Y,Crouch J.2008.Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding:From publications to practice.Crop Sci,48:391-407.
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