Effects of Wind Fences on the Wind Environment around Jang Bogo Antarctic Research Station
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摘要
This study investigated the flow characteristics altered by Jang Bogo Antarctic Research Station using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling. The topography and buildings around Jang Bogo Station were constructed with computeraided-design data in the CFD model domain. We simulated 16 cases with different inflow directions, and compared the flow characteristics with and without Jang Bogo Station for each inflow direction. The wind data recorded by the site's automatic weather station(AWS) were used for comparison. Wind rose analysis showed that the wind speed and direction after the construction of Jang Bogo Station were quite different from those before construction. We also investigated how virtual wind fences would modify the flow patterns, changing the distance of the fence from the station as well as the porosity of the fence. For westerly inflows, when the AWS was downwind of Jang Bogo Station, the decrease in wind speed was maximized(-81% for west-northwesterly). The wind speed reduction was also greater as the distance of the fence was closer to Jang Bogo Station. With the same distance, the fence with medium porosity(25%–33%) maximized the wind speed reduction.These results suggest that the location and material of the wind fence should be selected carefully, or AWS data should be interpreted cautiously, for particular prevailing wind directions.
This study investigated the flow characteristics altered by Jang Bogo Antarctic Research Station using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling. The topography and buildings around Jang Bogo Station were constructed with computeraided-design data in the CFD model domain. We simulated 16 cases with different inflow directions, and compared the flow characteristics with and without Jang Bogo Station for each inflow direction. The wind data recorded by the site's automatic weather station(AWS) were used for comparison. Wind rose analysis showed that the wind speed and direction after the construction of Jang Bogo Station were quite different from those before construction. We also investigated how virtual wind fences would modify the flow patterns, changing the distance of the fence from the station as well as the porosity of the fence. For westerly inflows, when the AWS was downwind of Jang Bogo Station, the decrease in wind speed was maximized(-81% for west-northwesterly). The wind speed reduction was also greater as the distance of the fence was closer to Jang Bogo Station. With the same distance, the fence with medium porosity(25%–33%) maximized the wind speed reduction.These results suggest that the location and material of the wind fence should be selected carefully, or AWS data should be interpreted cautiously, for particular prevailing wind directions.
This study investigated the flow characteristics altered by Jang Bogo Antarctic Research Station using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling. The topography and buildings around Jang Bogo Station were constructed with computeraided-design data in the CFD model domain. We simulated 16 cases with different inflow directions, and compared the flow characteristics with and without Jang Bogo Station for each inflow direction. The wind data recorded by the site's automatic weather station(AWS) were used for comparison. Wind rose analysis showed that the wind speed and direction after the construction of Jang Bogo Station were quite different from those before construction. We also investigated how virtual wind fences would modify the flow patterns, changing the distance of the fence from the station as well as the porosity of the fence. For westerly inflows, when the AWS was downwind of Jang Bogo Station, the decrease in wind speed was maximized(-81% for west-northwesterly). The wind speed reduction was also greater as the distance of the fence was closer to Jang Bogo Station. With the same distance, the fence with medium porosity(25%–33%) maximized the wind speed reduction.These results suggest that the location and material of the wind fence should be selected carefully, or AWS data should be interpreted cautiously, for particular prevailing wind directions.
引文
Baik,J.-J.,J.-J.Kim,and H.J.S.Fernando,2003:A CFD model for simulating urban flow and dispersion.J.Appl.Meteor.,42,1636-1648,doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1636:ACMFSU>2.0.CO;2.
Baik,J.-J.,S.-B.Park,and J.-J.Kim,2009:Urban flow and dispersion simulation using a CFD model coupled to a mesoscale model.Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,48,1667-1681,doi:10.1175/2009JAMC2066.1.
Bromwich,D.H.,1989:An extraordinary katabatic wind regime at terra nova bay,Antarctica.Mon.Wea.Rev.,117,688-695,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<0688:AEKWRA>2.0.CO;2.
Castro,I.P.,and D.D.Apsley,1997:Flow and dispersion over topography:A comparison between numerical and laboratory data for two-dimensional flows.Atmos.Environ.,31,839-850,doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00248-8.
Cheng,J.-J.,J.-Q.Lei,S.-Y.Li,and H.-F.Wang,2016:Disturbance of the inclined inserting-type sand fence to wind-sand flow fields and its sand control characteristics.Aeolian Research,21,139-150,doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.04.008.
Dong,Z.B.,W.Y.Luo,G.Q.Qian,and H.T.Wang,2007:A wind tunnel simulation of the mean velocity fields behind upright porous fences.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,146,82-93,doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.05.009.
Eichhorn,J.,2004:MISKAM-Handbuch zu Version 4(with update for Version 6).Available online at http://www.lohmeyer.de/de/system/files/content/download/software/miskam 6 manual english.pdf.
Gousseau,P.,B.Blocken,T.Stathopoulos,and G.J.F.van Heijst,2011:CFD simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion on a high-resolution grid:A case study by LES and RANS for a building group in downtown Montreal.Atmos.Environ.,45,428-438,doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.065.
Gowardhan,A.A.,E.R.Pardyjak,I.Senocak,and M.J.Brown,2011:A CFD-based wind solver for an urban fast response transport and dispersion model.Environmental Fluid Mechanics,11,439-464,doi:10.1007/s10652-011-9211-6.
Hertwig,D.,G.C.Efthimiou,J.G.Bartzis,and B.Leitl,2012:CFD-RANS model validation of turbulent flow in a semiidealized urban canopy.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,111,61-72,doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2012.09.003.
Judd,M.J.,M.R.Raupach,and J.J.Finnigan,1996:A wind tunnel study of turbulent flow around single and multiple windbreaks,Part I:Velocity fields.Bound.-Layer Meteor.,80,127-165,doi:10.1007/BF00119015.
Kim,J.-J.,2007:The effects of obstacle aspect ratio on surrounding flows.Atmosphere,17,381-391.
Kim,J.-J.,and D.-Y.Kim,2009:Effects of a building’s density on flow in urban areas.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,26,45-56,doi:10.1007/s00376-009-0045-9.
Kim,J.-J.,and J.-J.Baik,2010:Effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,27,513-527,doi:10.1007/s00376-009-9095-2.
Lee,S.-J.,and H.-B.Kim,1999:Laboratory measurements of velocity and turbulence field behind porous fences.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,80,311-326,doi:10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00193-7.
Ma,Y.M.,1992:Preliminary study on vertical velocity caused by katabatic wind in Antarctica and its influence on atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,9,247-250,doi:10.1007/BF02657515.
Martin,P.,1995:Wind protective fences of PARAWEB compositions.Techtextil-Symposium 1995,Lecture No.537,1-8.
Mitsuhashi,H.,1982:Measurements of snowdrifts and wind profiles around the huts at Syowa station in Antarctica.Antarctic Record,75,37-56.
Nylen,T.H.,A.G.Fountain,and P.T.Doran,2004:Climatology of katabatic winds in the Mc Murdo dry valleys,southern Victoria Land,Antarctica.J.Geophys.Res.,109,doi:10.1029/2003JD003937.
Stathopoulos,T.,2006:Pedestrian level winds and outdoor human comfort.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,94,769-780,doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.06.011.
Tominaga,Y.,A.Mochida,T.Shirasawa,R.Yoshie,H.Kataoka,K.Harimoto,and T.Nozu,2004:Cross comparisons of CFD results of wind environment at pedestrian level around a high-rise building and within a building complex.Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,3,63-70,doi:10.3130/jaabe.3.63.
Versteeg,H.K.,and W.Malalasekera,1995:An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method.Longman,Malaysia,257 pp.
Wang,H.,and E.S.Takle,1996:On shelter efficiency of shelterbelts in oblique wind.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,81,95-117,doi:10.1016/0168-1923(95)02311-9.
Weber,N.J.,M.A.Lazzara,L.K.Keller,and J.J.Cassano,2016:The extreme wind events in the ross island region of Antarctica.Wea.Forecasting,31,985-1000,doi:10.1175/WAF-D-15-0125.1.
Yakhot,V.,S.A.Orszag,S.Thangam,T.B.Gatski,and C.G.Speziale,1992:Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique.Physics of Fluids A:Fluid Dynamics,4,1510-1520,doi:10.1063/1.858424.
You,K.-P.,and Y.-M.Kim,2009:Effect of protection against wind according to the variation porosity of wind fence.Environmental Geology,56,1193-1203,doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1219-y.
Yu,Y.,X.M.Cai,and X.S.Qie,2007:Influence of topography and large-scale forcing on the occurrence of katabatic flow jumps in Antarctica:Idealized simulations.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24,819-832,doi:10.1007/s00376-007-0819-x.
Zhang,N.,J.-H.Kang,and S.-J.Lee,2010:Wind tunnel observation on the effect of a porous wind fence on shelter of saltating sand particles.Geomorphology,120,224-232,doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.032.
Baik,J.-J.,S.-B.Park,and J.-J.Kim,2009:Urban flow and dispersion simulation using a CFD model coupled to a mesoscale model.Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,48,1667-1681,doi:10.1175/2009JAMC2066.1.
Bromwich,D.H.,1989:An extraordinary katabatic wind regime at terra nova bay,Antarctica.Mon.Wea.Rev.,117,688-695,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<0688:AEKWRA>2.0.CO;2.
Castro,I.P.,and D.D.Apsley,1997:Flow and dispersion over topography:A comparison between numerical and laboratory data for two-dimensional flows.Atmos.Environ.,31,839-850,doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00248-8.
Cheng,J.-J.,J.-Q.Lei,S.-Y.Li,and H.-F.Wang,2016:Disturbance of the inclined inserting-type sand fence to wind-sand flow fields and its sand control characteristics.Aeolian Research,21,139-150,doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.04.008.
Dong,Z.B.,W.Y.Luo,G.Q.Qian,and H.T.Wang,2007:A wind tunnel simulation of the mean velocity fields behind upright porous fences.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,146,82-93,doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.05.009.
Eichhorn,J.,2004:MISKAM-Handbuch zu Version 4(with update for Version 6).Available online at http://www.lohmeyer.de/de/system/files/content/download/software/miskam 6 manual english.pdf.
Gousseau,P.,B.Blocken,T.Stathopoulos,and G.J.F.van Heijst,2011:CFD simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion on a high-resolution grid:A case study by LES and RANS for a building group in downtown Montreal.Atmos.Environ.,45,428-438,doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.065.
Gowardhan,A.A.,E.R.Pardyjak,I.Senocak,and M.J.Brown,2011:A CFD-based wind solver for an urban fast response transport and dispersion model.Environmental Fluid Mechanics,11,439-464,doi:10.1007/s10652-011-9211-6.
Hertwig,D.,G.C.Efthimiou,J.G.Bartzis,and B.Leitl,2012:CFD-RANS model validation of turbulent flow in a semiidealized urban canopy.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,111,61-72,doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2012.09.003.
Judd,M.J.,M.R.Raupach,and J.J.Finnigan,1996:A wind tunnel study of turbulent flow around single and multiple windbreaks,Part I:Velocity fields.Bound.-Layer Meteor.,80,127-165,doi:10.1007/BF00119015.
Kim,J.-J.,2007:The effects of obstacle aspect ratio on surrounding flows.Atmosphere,17,381-391.
Kim,J.-J.,and D.-Y.Kim,2009:Effects of a building’s density on flow in urban areas.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,26,45-56,doi:10.1007/s00376-009-0045-9.
Kim,J.-J.,and J.-J.Baik,2010:Effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,27,513-527,doi:10.1007/s00376-009-9095-2.
Lee,S.-J.,and H.-B.Kim,1999:Laboratory measurements of velocity and turbulence field behind porous fences.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,80,311-326,doi:10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00193-7.
Ma,Y.M.,1992:Preliminary study on vertical velocity caused by katabatic wind in Antarctica and its influence on atmospheric circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,9,247-250,doi:10.1007/BF02657515.
Martin,P.,1995:Wind protective fences of PARAWEB compositions.Techtextil-Symposium 1995,Lecture No.537,1-8.
Mitsuhashi,H.,1982:Measurements of snowdrifts and wind profiles around the huts at Syowa station in Antarctica.Antarctic Record,75,37-56.
Nylen,T.H.,A.G.Fountain,and P.T.Doran,2004:Climatology of katabatic winds in the Mc Murdo dry valleys,southern Victoria Land,Antarctica.J.Geophys.Res.,109,doi:10.1029/2003JD003937.
Stathopoulos,T.,2006:Pedestrian level winds and outdoor human comfort.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,94,769-780,doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.06.011.
Tominaga,Y.,A.Mochida,T.Shirasawa,R.Yoshie,H.Kataoka,K.Harimoto,and T.Nozu,2004:Cross comparisons of CFD results of wind environment at pedestrian level around a high-rise building and within a building complex.Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,3,63-70,doi:10.3130/jaabe.3.63.
Versteeg,H.K.,and W.Malalasekera,1995:An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method.Longman,Malaysia,257 pp.
Wang,H.,and E.S.Takle,1996:On shelter efficiency of shelterbelts in oblique wind.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,81,95-117,doi:10.1016/0168-1923(95)02311-9.
Weber,N.J.,M.A.Lazzara,L.K.Keller,and J.J.Cassano,2016:The extreme wind events in the ross island region of Antarctica.Wea.Forecasting,31,985-1000,doi:10.1175/WAF-D-15-0125.1.
Yakhot,V.,S.A.Orszag,S.Thangam,T.B.Gatski,and C.G.Speziale,1992:Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique.Physics of Fluids A:Fluid Dynamics,4,1510-1520,doi:10.1063/1.858424.
You,K.-P.,and Y.-M.Kim,2009:Effect of protection against wind according to the variation porosity of wind fence.Environmental Geology,56,1193-1203,doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1219-y.
Yu,Y.,X.M.Cai,and X.S.Qie,2007:Influence of topography and large-scale forcing on the occurrence of katabatic flow jumps in Antarctica:Idealized simulations.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24,819-832,doi:10.1007/s00376-007-0819-x.
Zhang,N.,J.-H.Kang,and S.-J.Lee,2010:Wind tunnel observation on the effect of a porous wind fence on shelter of saltating sand particles.Geomorphology,120,224-232,doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.032.