阻塞形势下内蒙古东南部地区一次冷涡暴雨过程水汽特征分析
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摘要
使用常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星及1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料,对2017年7月6—7日内蒙古东南部地区一次冷涡暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明:在稳定的"一槽一脊"型环流背景下,阻塞高压稳定维持,西风槽东移受阻移动缓慢,加深为涡,暴雨发生在冷涡发展加强阶段;低空急流建立,一方面形成偏南水汽输送,为暴雨提供源源不断的水汽,水汽收支主要集中在700 hPa以下,暴雨发生前水汽净收入明显增大,南、北边界水汽贡献率大;另一方面,偏南暖湿气流的输送使不稳定层结建立,能量在暴雨区积聚,偏南低空急流与高空急流耦合,又为暴雨发生提供了动力条件;暴雨发生前后湿度场变化显著,大气可降水量最大达到55—60 kg·m~(-2),且暴雨发生前增幅显著,增幅近2倍。暴雨区700 hPa (850 hPa)上比湿不低于7 g·kg~(-1)(12 g·kg~(-1)),强降水出现在水汽图上白亮区断裂消失后,高层比湿峰值附近和相当黑体温度<230 K为强降水高发区。
Using the conventional meteorological data,the FY-2G satellite data,and the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data with a horizontal resolution of 1° × 1°,a rainstorm event caused by a cold vortex on June 6-7,2017 in Southeastern Inner M ongolia was investigated. The results showed that a westerly trough moves eastwards slowly and develops into a vortex under the stable synoptic conditions characterized by " one trough and one ridge" and in presence of a stable blocking high. Rainstorm occurs during the development period of the cold vortex. The Low-Level Jets (LLJs) transport abundant water vapor from the south and the water vapor budget primarily concentrates below700 hPa. The net income of water vapor increases obviously before the rainstorm occurs,especially from the southern and northern boundaries. In addition,warm and moist southerly flows favor the formation of unstable atmospheric stratification and the energy accumulation in the rainstorm area.The coupled high-level jets and LLJs provide dynamic conditions for the occurrence of a rainstorm. The humidity field varies significantly before and after the rainstorm,with the maximum precipitable water vapor reaches 55-60 kg·m~(-2). The precipitable water vapor increases significantly before the rainstorm,by nearly 2 times. The specific humidity over the rainstorm area at 700 hPa (850 hPa) is not less than 7 g·kg~(-1) (12 g·kg~(-1)). Strong precipitation mainly occurs in areas where the maximum specific humidity and a temperature of the black body (TBB) < 230 K occur,after the white bright zone breaks and disappears in the satellite water vapor images.
Using the conventional meteorological data,the FY-2G satellite data,and the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data with a horizontal resolution of 1° × 1°,a rainstorm event caused by a cold vortex on June 6-7,2017 in Southeastern Inner M ongolia was investigated. The results showed that a westerly trough moves eastwards slowly and develops into a vortex under the stable synoptic conditions characterized by " one trough and one ridge" and in presence of a stable blocking high. Rainstorm occurs during the development period of the cold vortex. The Low-Level Jets (LLJs) transport abundant water vapor from the south and the water vapor budget primarily concentrates below700 hPa. The net income of water vapor increases obviously before the rainstorm occurs,especially from the southern and northern boundaries. In addition,warm and moist southerly flows favor the formation of unstable atmospheric stratification and the energy accumulation in the rainstorm area.The coupled high-level jets and LLJs provide dynamic conditions for the occurrence of a rainstorm. The humidity field varies significantly before and after the rainstorm,with the maximum precipitable water vapor reaches 55-60 kg·m~(-2). The precipitable water vapor increases significantly before the rainstorm,by nearly 2 times. The specific humidity over the rainstorm area at 700 hPa (850 hPa) is not less than 7 g·kg~(-1) (12 g·kg~(-1)). Strong precipitation mainly occurs in areas where the maximum specific humidity and a temperature of the black body (TBB) < 230 K occur,after the white bright zone breaks and disappears in the satellite water vapor images.
引文
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[19]张端禹,崔春光,赵玉春.2010年前汛期末华南西部和东部暴雨对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(6):8-15.
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[2]顾润源,孙永刚,韩经纬,等.内蒙古自治区天气预报手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2012:159-247.
[3]苏爱芳,梁俊平,崔丽曼,等.豫北一次局地雹暴天气的预警特征和触发机制[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(6):1-7.
[4]万瑜,曹兴,杨莲梅,等.中亚低涡背景下中天山地区一次短时强降水过程中尺度特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(4):1-10.
[5]王磊,谌芸,张仙,等.冷涡背景下MCS的统计分析[J].气象,2013,39(11):1385-1392.
[6]张仙,谌芸,王磊,等.冷涡背景下京津冀地区连续降雹统计分析[J].气象,2013,39(12):1570-1579.
[7]Hsieh Y P.An investigation of a selected cold vortex over North America[J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1949,6(6):401-410.
[8]孙力,王琪,唐晓玲.暴雨类冷涡与非暴雨类冷涡的合成对比分析[J].气象,1995,21(3):7-10.
[9]应爽,袁大宇,李尚锋.一次东北冷涡不同阶段强对流天气特征对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(4):9-18.
[10]王在文,郑永光,刘还珠,等.蒙古冷涡影响下的北京降雹天气特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):763-777.
[11]纪晓玲,胡文东,马筛艳,等.蒙古冷涡影响下宁夏两次典型冰雹天气对比分析[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):103-109.
[12]斯琴,荀学义,王佳津.一次东北冷涡暴雨过程成因分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(6):1016-1023.
[13]马素艳,韩经纬,斯琴,等.长生命史冷涡背景下内蒙古不同地区强对流天气分析[J].高原气象,2015,34(5):1435-1444.
[14]马素艳,韩经纬,斯琴,等.冷涡背景下呼和浩特市冰雹特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(6):529-536.
[15]何晗,谌芸,肖天贵,等.冷涡背景下短时强降水的统计分析[J].气象,2015,41(12):1466-1476.
[16]刘毅,庞玥,陈鹏,等.重庆西部区域性阻塞型暴雨浅析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):149-155.
[17]黄士松.暴雨过程中低空急流形成的诊断分析[J].大气科学,1981,5(2):123-135.
[18]陶健红,孔祥伟,刘新伟.河西走廊西部两次极端暴雨事件水汽特征分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(1):107-117.
[19]张端禹,崔春光,赵玉春.2010年前汛期末华南西部和东部暴雨对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(6):8-15.
[20]孙月环,成坤.基于卫星观测的一例东北冷涡天气的初步分析[J].气象灾害防御,2015(1):14-17,48.
[21]陈渭民.卫星气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:355-362.