我国精准扶贫政策中公众权益的保护与建设研究
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摘要
随着精准扶贫政策的有效实施与大量扶贫资源的实际运用,相当数量的贫困群体生活质量得到极大的改善,其健康权、参与权等基本权益也得到相应的保护与保障。从此意义上看,精准扶贫政策的核心议题之一就在于保护贫困群体的基本公众权益,并从中彰显公平正义的价值理念,但精准扶贫政策实施过程中公众权益问题容易被忽视并产生外溢效应,从而导致权利与义务的失衡、收入被过度关注、公众权益保护的不平等以及政策的前瞻性与战略性不足等诸多问题。化解这些难题需构建一种机制性的保护屏障,具体表现为挖掘中间性组织所具有的赋权和授权功能、以"可行能力"为视角和方法的标准转移以及畅通贫困群体利益表达渠道、实现精准扶贫政策系统中不同子系统政策间的衔接与整合等措施。
With the effective implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies and plenty of anti-poverty resources put into practice, a considerable number of poor groups have greatly improved their quality of life, basic rights and interests such as the right to health and participation have been protected and guaranteed accordingly. In this sense, one of the core issues of targeted poverty alleviation policies is to protect the basic public rights and interests, which reflects the value of fairness and justice. However, in the process of implementing the targeted poverty alleviation policies, public rights and interests might be easily ignored and the spillover effects might occur, which will cause many problems, such as the imbalance between rights and obligations, excessive attention on their income, inequality in the protection of public rights and interests, as well as shortsighted policies. To resolve these problems, institutional safeguards need to be built, which can be embodied in excavation of the empowerment and authorization function of intermediate organization, the shift of standards from the capability perspective and approach, the expansion of the interests expression channels for poverty group, and the integration of different subsystems in the whole policy system.
With the effective implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies and plenty of anti-poverty resources put into practice, a considerable number of poor groups have greatly improved their quality of life, basic rights and interests such as the right to health and participation have been protected and guaranteed accordingly. In this sense, one of the core issues of targeted poverty alleviation policies is to protect the basic public rights and interests, which reflects the value of fairness and justice. However, in the process of implementing the targeted poverty alleviation policies, public rights and interests might be easily ignored and the spillover effects might occur, which will cause many problems, such as the imbalance between rights and obligations, excessive attention on their income, inequality in the protection of public rights and interests, as well as shortsighted policies. To resolve these problems, institutional safeguards need to be built, which can be embodied in excavation of the empowerment and authorization function of intermediate organization, the shift of standards from the capability perspective and approach, the expansion of the interests expression channels for poverty group, and the integration of different subsystems in the whole policy system.
引文
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[3]诺曼·巴里.福利[M].储建国,译.长春:吉林人民出版社,2005:7.
[4]虞崇胜,余扬.提升可行能力:精准扶贫的政治哲学基础分析[J].行政论坛,2016,(1):22-25.
[5]罗伯特·达尔.论政治平等[M].谢岳,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2010:70.
[6]李林鸾.阿里巴巴携中国扶贫基金会打造精准扶贫新模式[N].农村金融时报,2016-07-17(A03).
[7]唐代兴.利益伦理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:200.
[8]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].何怀宏,等,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:442.
[9]陆汉文,黄承伟.中国精准扶贫发展报告(2017)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:242.
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