塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组丘滩体系类型及其勘探意义
|
摘要
基于钻井岩心、薄片以及露头的详细研究,根据地貌背景、沉积物类型和沉积特征差异,将塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组缓坡丘滩体划分为4种类型:颗粒滩型、丘滩型、滩坪型和台坪型。颗粒滩型主要发育于塔中-巴东地区的"平台"地貌背景下,以鲕粒和砂屑等高能沉积片状发育为特征;丘滩型发育于柯坪-巴楚地区的匀斜缓坡背景,以微生物丘和藻砂屑滩发育为主,呈"小丘大滩";滩坪型发育于阿克苏地区,微生物丘不发育,颗粒滩和潮坪相大面积发育;台坪型发育于轮南-牙哈区,具类似"孤立台地"特征,东侧边缘陡,发育高能丘滩沉积,西侧较缓,以低能微生物丘/席为主。不同类型丘滩体系的储层差异明显,颗粒滩型和滩坪型以Ⅱ类储层为主,分布稳定,有利于储层规模发育;丘滩型和台坪型可发育Ⅰ类储层,储层呈块状分布,具规模优质储层发育潜力。提出塔中-巴东地区应以寻找岩性圈闭为目标,柯坪地区应寻找构造相对稳定、保存条件较好的目标,轮南-牙哈区高能丘滩带值得探索。
Based on the observation of cores and thin sections,as well as the detailed survey of outcrops,the ramp moundshoal complexes of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation of Tarim Basin can be divided into four types: grain beach,mound shoal,shoal flat,and platform inner flat,in accordance with their differences in geomorphology,sediment category,and sedimentary features. The grain-beach type complex,occurring in relatively flat platform settings in the Tazhong-Badong area,is characteristic of high-energy oolites and intraclastic grainstones growth in slices. The moundshoal type complex,occurring in ramp settings in the Keping-Bachu area,is characterized by the prosperity of microbial mounds and algae-intraclastic grainstone shoals,displaying a feature of large shoals interspersed by small mounds. The shoal-flat type complex usually occurs in Aksu area with absence of microbial mounds and widespread grain beaches and tidal flats. The platform-inner-flat type complex is developed in the Lunnan-Yaha area,characterized by "isolated platform"with a steep eastern slope( filled with high-energy mound shoal deposits) and a relatively gentle western slope( dominated by low-energy microbial mounds or mats). Reservoirs in different mound-shoal complexes developed distinctive features. The grain-beach and shoal-flat types usually develop Type Ⅱ reservoirs with consistent distribution over large areas; while the mound-shoal and platform-inner-flat types tend to develop Type Ⅰ reservoirs,which are blocky and high-quality reservoirs,and may distribute in a large scale. In conclusion,lithologic traps should be a focus of exploration in the Tazhong-Badong area. While much attention should be paid to those tectonically stable traps with goodpreservation conditions in the Keping area,the high-energy mound-shoal complexes should be the exploration target in the Lunnan-Yaha area.
Based on the observation of cores and thin sections,as well as the detailed survey of outcrops,the ramp moundshoal complexes of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation of Tarim Basin can be divided into four types: grain beach,mound shoal,shoal flat,and platform inner flat,in accordance with their differences in geomorphology,sediment category,and sedimentary features. The grain-beach type complex,occurring in relatively flat platform settings in the Tazhong-Badong area,is characteristic of high-energy oolites and intraclastic grainstones growth in slices. The moundshoal type complex,occurring in ramp settings in the Keping-Bachu area,is characterized by the prosperity of microbial mounds and algae-intraclastic grainstone shoals,displaying a feature of large shoals interspersed by small mounds. The shoal-flat type complex usually occurs in Aksu area with absence of microbial mounds and widespread grain beaches and tidal flats. The platform-inner-flat type complex is developed in the Lunnan-Yaha area,characterized by "isolated platform"with a steep eastern slope( filled with high-energy mound shoal deposits) and a relatively gentle western slope( dominated by low-energy microbial mounds or mats). Reservoirs in different mound-shoal complexes developed distinctive features. The grain-beach and shoal-flat types usually develop Type Ⅱ reservoirs with consistent distribution over large areas; while the mound-shoal and platform-inner-flat types tend to develop Type Ⅰ reservoirs,which are blocky and high-quality reservoirs,and may distribute in a large scale. In conclusion,lithologic traps should be a focus of exploration in the Tazhong-Badong area. While much attention should be paid to those tectonically stable traps with goodpreservation conditions in the Keping area,the high-energy mound-shoal complexes should be the exploration target in the Lunnan-Yaha area.
引文
[1]杨海军,塔里木盆地下古生界内幕白云岩勘探认识与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1213-1223.Yang Haijun,Exploration knowledge and direction of Lower Proterozoic inner dolostones,Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1213-1223.
[2]王招明,谢慧文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Chen Yongquan,et al. Discovery and exploration of Cambrian Subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 Well in Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.
[3]沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):340-349.Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongquan,et al. Characteristics,origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):340-349.
[4]张纪智,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地中深地区寒武系盐下白云岩油气来源及差异聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):40-47.Zhang Jizhi,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al. Origin and differential accumulation of hydrocarbons in Cambrian sub-salt dolomite reservoirs in Zhongshen Area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):40-47.
[5]赵文智,沈安江,胡素云,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩储层类型与分布特征[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):758-768.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Suyun,et al. Types and distributional features of Cambrian-Ordovician dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin,northwestern China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):758-768.
[6]赵文智,沈安江,胡安平,等.塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地海相碳酸盐岩规模储层发育地质背景初探[J].岩石学报,2015,31(11):3495-3508.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Anping,et al. A discussion on the geological background of marine carbonate reservoirs development in Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos Basin,China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015,31(11):3495-3508.
[7]沈安江,赵文智,胡安平,等.海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):545-554.Shen Anjiang,Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Anping,et al. Major factors controlling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):545-554.
[8]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620.Zhao Zongju,Zhang Yunbo,Pan Mao et al. Cambrian Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review,2010,56(5):609-620.
[9]陈永权,严威,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪-早奥陶世构造古地理与岩相古地理格局再厘定——基于地震证据的新认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1832-1843.Chen Yongquan,Yan Wei,Han Changwei,et al. Redefinition on structural paleogeography and lithofacies paleogeography framework from Cambrian to Early Ordovician in the Tarim Basin:A New approach based on seismic stratigraphy evidence[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1832-1843.
[10]李保华,邓世彪,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区下寒武统台缘相白云岩储层建模[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1233-1244.Li Baohua,Deng Shibiao,Chen Yongquan,et al. The reservoir modeling of platform margin dolostone of Xiaoerblak Formation,Lower Cambrian,Kalpin Area,Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1233-1244.
[11]熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.Xiong Yixue,Chen Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al. Distribution of northern platform margin and implications to favorable exploration regions on Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.
[12]倪新锋,沈安江,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩台地类型、台缘分段特征及勘探启示[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1245-1255.Ni Xinfeng,Shen Anjiang,Chen Yongquan,et al.,Cambrian carbonate platform types,platform margin segmentation characteristics and exploration enlightenment in Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1245-1255.
[13]吴林,管树巍,任荣,等.前寒武纪沉积盆地发育特征与深层烃源岩分布——以塔里木新元古代盆地与下寒武统烃源岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):905-915.Wu Lin,Guan Shuwei,Ren Rong,et al. The characteristics of Precambrian sedimentary basin and the distribution of deep source rock:a case study of Tarim Basin in Neoproterozoic and source rocks in Early Cambrian,Western China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):905-915.
[14]杨鑫,徐旭辉,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地前寒武纪古构造格局及其对下寒武统烃源岩发育的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(8):1164-1171.Yang Xin,Xu Xuhui,Chen Qianglu,et al. Palaeotectonics pattern in Pre-Cambrian and its control on the deposition of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(8):1164-1171.
[15]李江海,姜洪福.全球古板块再造、岩相古地理及古环境图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2013,1-127.Li Jianghai,Jiang Hongfu. The Atlas of global plate reconstruction,paleo-geography,and paleo-environment[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,2013,1-127.
[16] Qiao Z F,Janson X,Shen A J,et al. Lithofacies,architecture,and reservoir heterogeneity of tidal-dominated platform marginal oolitic shoal:An analogue of oolitic reservoirs of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J],Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:290-309.
[17] Qiao Z F,Shen A J,Zheng J F,et al. Digitized outcrop geomodeling of ramp shoals and its reservoirs:as an example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2017.
[18] Jahnert R J,Collins L B,Characteristics,distribution and morphogenesis of subtidal microbial systems in Shark Bay,Australia[J],Marine Geology,2012. 303-306:115-136.
[19] Jahnert,R J,Collins L B,Controls on microbial activity and tidal flat evolution in Shark Bay,Western Australia[J],Sedimentology,2013.60,1071-1099.
[2]王招明,谢慧文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Chen Yongquan,et al. Discovery and exploration of Cambrian Subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 Well in Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.
[3]沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):340-349.Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongquan,et al. Characteristics,origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):340-349.
[4]张纪智,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地中深地区寒武系盐下白云岩油气来源及差异聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):40-47.Zhang Jizhi,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al. Origin and differential accumulation of hydrocarbons in Cambrian sub-salt dolomite reservoirs in Zhongshen Area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):40-47.
[5]赵文智,沈安江,胡素云,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩储层类型与分布特征[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):758-768.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Suyun,et al. Types and distributional features of Cambrian-Ordovician dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin,northwestern China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):758-768.
[6]赵文智,沈安江,胡安平,等.塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地海相碳酸盐岩规模储层发育地质背景初探[J].岩石学报,2015,31(11):3495-3508.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Anping,et al. A discussion on the geological background of marine carbonate reservoirs development in Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos Basin,China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015,31(11):3495-3508.
[7]沈安江,赵文智,胡安平,等.海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):545-554.Shen Anjiang,Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Anping,et al. Major factors controlling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):545-554.
[8]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620.Zhao Zongju,Zhang Yunbo,Pan Mao et al. Cambrian Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review,2010,56(5):609-620.
[9]陈永权,严威,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪-早奥陶世构造古地理与岩相古地理格局再厘定——基于地震证据的新认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1832-1843.Chen Yongquan,Yan Wei,Han Changwei,et al. Redefinition on structural paleogeography and lithofacies paleogeography framework from Cambrian to Early Ordovician in the Tarim Basin:A New approach based on seismic stratigraphy evidence[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1832-1843.
[10]李保华,邓世彪,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区下寒武统台缘相白云岩储层建模[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1233-1244.Li Baohua,Deng Shibiao,Chen Yongquan,et al. The reservoir modeling of platform margin dolostone of Xiaoerblak Formation,Lower Cambrian,Kalpin Area,Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1233-1244.
[11]熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.Xiong Yixue,Chen Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al. Distribution of northern platform margin and implications to favorable exploration regions on Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.
[12]倪新锋,沈安江,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩台地类型、台缘分段特征及勘探启示[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1245-1255.Ni Xinfeng,Shen Anjiang,Chen Yongquan,et al.,Cambrian carbonate platform types,platform margin segmentation characteristics and exploration enlightenment in Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1245-1255.
[13]吴林,管树巍,任荣,等.前寒武纪沉积盆地发育特征与深层烃源岩分布——以塔里木新元古代盆地与下寒武统烃源岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):905-915.Wu Lin,Guan Shuwei,Ren Rong,et al. The characteristics of Precambrian sedimentary basin and the distribution of deep source rock:a case study of Tarim Basin in Neoproterozoic and source rocks in Early Cambrian,Western China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):905-915.
[14]杨鑫,徐旭辉,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地前寒武纪古构造格局及其对下寒武统烃源岩发育的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(8):1164-1171.Yang Xin,Xu Xuhui,Chen Qianglu,et al. Palaeotectonics pattern in Pre-Cambrian and its control on the deposition of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(8):1164-1171.
[15]李江海,姜洪福.全球古板块再造、岩相古地理及古环境图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2013,1-127.Li Jianghai,Jiang Hongfu. The Atlas of global plate reconstruction,paleo-geography,and paleo-environment[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,2013,1-127.
[16] Qiao Z F,Janson X,Shen A J,et al. Lithofacies,architecture,and reservoir heterogeneity of tidal-dominated platform marginal oolitic shoal:An analogue of oolitic reservoirs of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J],Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:290-309.
[17] Qiao Z F,Shen A J,Zheng J F,et al. Digitized outcrop geomodeling of ramp shoals and its reservoirs:as an example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2017.
[18] Jahnert R J,Collins L B,Characteristics,distribution and morphogenesis of subtidal microbial systems in Shark Bay,Australia[J],Marine Geology,2012. 303-306:115-136.
[19] Jahnert,R J,Collins L B,Controls on microbial activity and tidal flat evolution in Shark Bay,Western Australia[J],Sedimentology,2013.60,1071-1099.