Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis
|
摘要
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae(Gegen),salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen),radix curcuma(Jianghuang),hawthorn(Shanzha),salvia chinensis(Shijianchuan),sinapis alba(Baijiezi),astragalus(Huangqi),panax japonicas(Zhujieshen),atractylodes macrocephala koidz(Baizhu),radix paeoniae alba(Baishao),bupleurum(Chaihu),chrysanthemum(Juhua),rhizoma cyperi(Xiangfu) and gastrodin(Tianma),whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes.ShuanTong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular dementia.Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells.However,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood.Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced.The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores.Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side.In addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax.Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above changes.These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae(Gegen),salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen),radix curcuma(Jianghuang),hawthorn(Shanzha),salvia chinensis(Shijianchuan),sinapis alba(Baijiezi),astragalus(Huangqi),panax japonicas(Zhujieshen),atractylodes macrocephala koidz(Baizhu),radix paeoniae alba(Baishao),bupleurum(Chaihu),chrysanthemum(Juhua),rhizoma cyperi(Xiangfu) and gastrodin(Tianma),whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes.ShuanTong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular dementia.Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells.However,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood.Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced.The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores.Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side.In addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax.Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above changes.These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae(Gegen),salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen),radix curcuma(Jianghuang),hawthorn(Shanzha),salvia chinensis(Shijianchuan),sinapis alba(Baijiezi),astragalus(Huangqi),panax japonicas(Zhujieshen),atractylodes macrocephala koidz(Baizhu),radix paeoniae alba(Baishao),bupleurum(Chaihu),chrysanthemum(Juhua),rhizoma cyperi(Xiangfu) and gastrodin(Tianma),whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes.ShuanTong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular dementia.Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells.However,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood.Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced.The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores.Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side.In addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax.Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above changes.These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
引文
Cao YL,Chen CF,Wang AW,Feng YB,Cheng HX,Zhang WW,Xin W(2015)Changes of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the penumbra area after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and effects of astragaloside IV on rats.Genet Mol Res 14:277-285.
Chen L,Wang L,Zhang X,Cui L,Xing Y,Dong L,Liu Z,Li Y,Zhang X,Wang C,Bai X,Zhang J,Zhang L,Zhao X(2012)The protection by octreotide against experimental ischemic stroke:up-regulated transcription factor Nrf2,HO-1 and down-regulated NF-κB expression.Brain Res 1475:80-87.
Chung S,Yao H,Caito S,Hwang JW,Arunachalam G,Rahman I(2010)Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions:role of polyphenols.Arch Biochem Biophys 501:79-90.
Dirnagl U,Iadecola C,Moskowitz MA(1999)Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke:an integrated view.Trends Neurosci 22:391-397.
Donmez G(2012)The neurobiology of sirtuins and their role in neurodegeneration.Trends Pharmacol Sci 33:494-501.
Duan J,Yin Y,Cui J,Yan J,Zhu Y,Guan Y,Wei G,Weng Y,Wu X,Guo C,Wang Y,Xi M,Wen A(2016)Chikusetsu saponin iva ameliorates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via adiponectin-mediated AMPK/GSK-3βpathway in vivo and in vitro.Mol Neurobiol 53:728-743.
Gu X,Gu B,Lv X,Yu Z,Wang R,Zhou X,Qiao W,Mao Z,Zuo G,Li Q,Miao D,Jin J(2016)1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 with tumor necrosis factor-alpha protects against rheumatoid arthritis by promoting p53 acetylation-mediated apoptosis via Sirt1 in synoviocytes.Cell Death Dis 7:e2423.
Han JQ,Liu CL,Wang ZY,Liu L,Cheng L,Fan YD(2016)Anti-inflammatory properties of lipoxin A4 protect against diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Neural Regen Res 11:636-640.
Hankey GJ(2012)Anticoagulant therapy for patients with ischaemic stroke.Nat Rev Neurol 8:319-328.
Hao CZ,Wu F,Shen J,Lu L,Fu DL,Liao WJ,Zheng GQ(2012)Clinical efficacy and safety of buyang huanwu decoction for acute ischemic stroke:a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:630124.
Hattori Y,Ihara M(2016)SIRT1.Nihon Rinsho 74:589-594.
Hernández-Jiménez M,Hurtado O,Cuartero MI,Ballesteros I,Moraga A,Pradillo JM,Mc Burney MW,Lizasoain I,Moro MA(2013)Silent information regulator 1 protects the brain against cerebral ischemic damage.Stroke 44:2333-2337.
Hu MZ,Zhou B,Mao HY,Sheng Q,Du B,Chen JL,Pang QF,Ji Y(2016)Exogenous hydrogen sulfide postconditioning protects isolated rat hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through Sirt1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway.Int Heart J 57:477-482.
Kong XX,Wang R,Liu XJ,Zhu LL,Shao D,Chang YS,Fang FD(2009)Function of SIRT1 in physiology.Biochemistry(Mosc)74:703-708.
Kuwaki S,Ohhira I,Takahata M,Murata Y,Tada M(2002)Antifungal activity of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against tinea.J Biosci Bioeng 94:401-405.
Lanzillotta A,Pignataro G,Branca C,Cuomo O,Sarnico I,Benarese M,Annunziato L,Spano P,Pizzi M(2013)Targeted acetylation of NF-kappa B/Rel A and histones by epigenetic drugs reduces post-ischemic brain injury in mice with an extended therapeutic window.Neurobiol Dis 49:177-189.
Law YB,Mok WS,Wu GA,Lam WC,Yu XM,Wong KV(2016)New potential pharmacological functions of chinese herbal medicines via regulation of autophagy.Molecules 21:359.
Li H,Li RJ,Li F(2012a)Modified Sanpian decoction in treating migraine randomized controlled clinical study.Shiyong Zhongyi Neike Zazhi 26:12-13.
Li JH,Liu AJ,Li HQ,Wang Y,Shang HC,Zheng GQ(2014)Buyang huanwu decoction for healthcare:evidence-based theoretical interpretations of treating different diseases with the same method and target of vascularity.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:506783.
Li M,Qu YZ,Zhao ZW,Wu SX,Liu YY,Wei XY,Gao L,Gao GD(2012b)Astragaloside IV protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury correlating to suppression of neutrophils adhesion-related molecules.Neurochem Int 60:458-465.
Li ZX,Lv JL,Chen P,Zhao RL(2015)Effects of ischemic postconditioning on related pathways and interleukin 8 expression in rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu 19:7938-7944.
Liang ZK,Yao GZ,Liang XC(2011)Analysis on Therapeutic effect of migraine treated by Sanpian decoction combined with electroacupuncture.Shiyong Zhongyiyao Zazhi 27:366-368.
Lin Z,Zhu D,Yan Y,Yu B(2008)Herbal formula FBD extracts prevented brain injury and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion.J Ethnopharmacol 118:140-147.
Liu CL,Zhang K,Chen G(2016)Hydrogen therapy:from mechanism to cerebral diseases.Med Gas Res 6:48-54.
Longa EZ,Weinstein PR,Carlson S,Cummins R(1989)Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.Stroke20:84-91.
Lv H,Wang L,Shen J,Hao S,Ming A,Wang X,Su F,Zhang Z(2015)Salvianolic acid B attenuates apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT1activation in experimental stroke rats.Brain Res Bull 115:30-36.
Ma CY,Yin L(2016)Neuroprotective effect of angiotensin II type 2receptor during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Neural Regen Res11:1102-1107.
Ma Y,Nie H,Chen H,Li J,Hong Y,Wang B,Wang C,Zhang J,Cao W,Zhang M,Xu Y,Ding X,Yin SK,Qu X,Ying W(2015)NAD+/NADHmetabolism and NAD+-dependent enzymes in cell death and ischemic brain injury:current advances and therapeutic implications.Curr Med Chem 22:1239-1247.
Mac Manus JP,Buchan AM(2000)Apoptosis after experimental stroke:fact or fashion?J Neurotrauma 17:899-914.
Miao Y,Zhao S,Gao Y,Wang R,Wu Q,Wu H,Luo T(2016)Curcumin pretreatment attenuates inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental stroke:The possible role of Sirt1 signaling.Brain Res Bull 121:9-15.
Morris KC,Lin HW,Thompson JW,Perez-Pinzon MA(2011)Pathways for ischemic cytoprotection:role of sirtuins in caloric restriction,resveratrol,and ischemic preconditioning.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab31:1003-1019.
Ni M(1995)The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine:A New Translation of the Neijing Suwen with Commentary.Boulder,CO,USA:Shambhala Publications.
Ousman SS,Kubes P(2012)Immune surveillance in the central nervous system.Nat Neurosci 15:1096-1101.
Palencia G,Medrano Já,Ortiz-Plata A,Farfán DJ,Sotelo J,Sánchez A,Trejo-Solís C(2015)Anti-apoptotic,anti-oxidant,and anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.J Neurol Sci 351:78-87.
Pan W,Yu H,Huang S,Zhu P(2016)Resveratrol protects against tnf-α-induced injury in human umbilical endothelial cells through promoting sirtuin-1-induced repression of NF-KB and p38 MAPK.PLo S One 11:e0147034.
Paraíso AF,Mendes KL,Santos SH(2013)Brain activation of SIRT1:role in neuropathology.Mol Neurobiol 48:681-689.
Park H,Hwang YH,Yang HJ,Kim HK,Song KS,Ma JY(2014)Acute toxicity and genotoxicity study of fermented traditional herb formula Guibi-tang.J Ethnopharmacol 156:182-189.
Pytel P,Alexander JJ(2009)Pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy.Curr Opin Neurol 22:283-287.
Rahman I,Kinnula VL,Gorbunova V,Yao H(2012)SIRT1 as a therapeutic target in inflammaging of the pulmonary disease.Prev Med54 Suppl:S20-S28.
Sharief MK,Thompson EJ(1992)In vivo relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to blood-brain barrier damage in patients with active multiple sclerosis.J Neuroimmunol 38:27-33.
Shen J,Fang J,Hao J,Zhong X,Wang D,Ren H,Hu Z(2016)SIRT1 inhibits the catabolic effect of IL-1βthrough TLR2/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells.Pain Physician19:E215-226.
Sieber MW,Claus RA,Witte OW,Frahm C(2011)Attenuated inflammatory response in aged mice brains following stroke.PLo S One 6:e26288.
Talebnia F,Karakashev D,Angelidaki I(2010)Production of bioethanol from wheat straw:An overview on pretreatment,hydrolysis and fermentation.Bioresour Technol 101:4744-4753.
Tan L,Zhang X,Mei Z,Wang J,Li X,Huang W,Yang S(2016)Fermented chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling protects brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxidative stress injury.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med doi:10.1155/2016/5154290:13.
Thompson JW,Narayanan SV,Koronowski KB,Morris-Blanco K,Dave KR,Perez-Pinzon MA(2015)Signaling pathways leading to ischemic mitochondrial neuroprotection.J Bioenerg Biomembr 47:101-110.
Weon JB,Lee B,Yun BR,Lee J,Ma JY,Ma CJ(2014)Neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing activity of the fermented Bozhougyiqi-Tang.Pharmacogn Mag 10:S249-S255.
Wu CJ,Chen JT,Yen TL,Jayakumar T,Chou DS,Hsiao G,Sheu JR(2011)Neuroprotection by the traditional Chinese medicine,TaoHong-Si-Wu-Tang,against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced cerebral ischemia in rats.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med2011:803015.
Xiang YX,Wang WX,Xue Z,Zhu L,Wang SB,Sun ZH(2015)Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve protects against cerebral ischemic injury through an anti-infammatory mechanism.Neural Regen Res10:576-582.
Yan W,Fang Z,Yang Q,Dong H,Lu Y,Lei C,Xiong L(2013)Sir T1mediates hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance in rat brain.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:396-406.
Yang H,Ma S,Liu Y,Li Y,Wu W,Han E,Jia G,Wang C(2015)Poor outcome of experimental ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetic rats:impaired circulating endothelial progenitor cells mobilization.J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 24:980-987.
Yang H,Li L,Zhou K,Wang Y,Guan T,Chai C,Kou J,Yu B,Yan Y(2016)Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK,m TOR and JNKpathways.Pharm Biol 54:2288-2297.
Yang HJ,Weon JB,Lee B,Ma CJ(2011)The alteration of components in the fermented Hwangryunhaedok-tang and its neuroprotective activity.Pharmacogn Mag 7:207-212.
Yang Y,Duan W,Li Y,Yan J,Yi W,Liang Z,Wang N,Yi D,Jin Z(2013)New role of silent information regulator 1 in cerebral ischemia.Neurobiol Aging 34:2879-2888.
Yao H,Rahman I(2012)Perspectives on translational and therapeutic aspects of SIRT1 in inflammaging and senescence.Biochem Pharmacol 84:1332-1339.
Yepes M,Roussel BD,Ali C,Vivien D(2009)Tissue-type plasminogen activator in the ischemic brain:more than a thrombolytic.Trends Neurosci 32:48-55.
Yeung F,Hoberg JE,Ramsey CS,Keller MD,Jones DR,Frye RA,Mayo MW(2004)Modulation of NF-κB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase.EMBO J 23:2369-2380.
Yin J,Tu C,Zhao J,Ou D,Chen G,Liu Y,Xiao X(2013)Exogenous hydrogen sulfide protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via its anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in rats.Brain Res 1491:188-196.
Yu L,Sun Y,Cheng L,Jin Z,Yang Y,Zhai M,Pei H,Wang X,Zhang H,Meng Q,Zhang Y,Yu S,Duan W(2014)Melatonin receptor-mediated protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury:role of SIRT1.J Pineal Res 57:228-238.
Zhang P,Guo ZF,Xu YM,Li YS,Song JG(2016a)N-Butylphthalide(NBP)ameliorated cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced brain injury via HGF-regulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Biomed Pharmacother 83:658-666.
Zhang Q,Bian H,Li Y,Guo L,Tang Y,Zhu H(2014)Preconditioning with the traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang initiates HIF-1α-dependent neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in rats.J Ethnopharmacol 154:443-452.
Zhang Q,Wang J,Zhang C,Liao S,Li P,Xu D,Lv Y,Yang M,Kong L(2016b)The components of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction act synergistically to exert protective effects in a rat ischemic stroke model.Oncotarget 7:80872-80887.
Zhang Y,Li H,Huang M,Huang M,Chu K,Xu W,Zhang S,Que J,Chen L(2015)Paeoniflorin,a monoterpene glycoside,protects the brain from cerebral ischemic injury via inhibition of apoptosis.Am JChin Med 43:543-557.
Zhao LD,Wang JH,Jin GR,Zhao Y,Zhang HJ(2012)Neuroprotective effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats--time window and mechanism.J Ethnopharmacol 140:339-344.
Zhao Y,Fang Y,Li J,Duan Y,Zhao H,Gao L,Luo Y(2016)Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol against inflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice.Neurosci Lett 630:16-22.
Zschoernig B,Mahlknecht U(2008)SIRTUIN 1:Regulating the regulator.Biochem Biophys Res Commun 376:251-255.
Chen L,Wang L,Zhang X,Cui L,Xing Y,Dong L,Liu Z,Li Y,Zhang X,Wang C,Bai X,Zhang J,Zhang L,Zhao X(2012)The protection by octreotide against experimental ischemic stroke:up-regulated transcription factor Nrf2,HO-1 and down-regulated NF-κB expression.Brain Res 1475:80-87.
Chung S,Yao H,Caito S,Hwang JW,Arunachalam G,Rahman I(2010)Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions:role of polyphenols.Arch Biochem Biophys 501:79-90.
Dirnagl U,Iadecola C,Moskowitz MA(1999)Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke:an integrated view.Trends Neurosci 22:391-397.
Donmez G(2012)The neurobiology of sirtuins and their role in neurodegeneration.Trends Pharmacol Sci 33:494-501.
Duan J,Yin Y,Cui J,Yan J,Zhu Y,Guan Y,Wei G,Weng Y,Wu X,Guo C,Wang Y,Xi M,Wen A(2016)Chikusetsu saponin iva ameliorates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via adiponectin-mediated AMPK/GSK-3βpathway in vivo and in vitro.Mol Neurobiol 53:728-743.
Gu X,Gu B,Lv X,Yu Z,Wang R,Zhou X,Qiao W,Mao Z,Zuo G,Li Q,Miao D,Jin J(2016)1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 with tumor necrosis factor-alpha protects against rheumatoid arthritis by promoting p53 acetylation-mediated apoptosis via Sirt1 in synoviocytes.Cell Death Dis 7:e2423.
Han JQ,Liu CL,Wang ZY,Liu L,Cheng L,Fan YD(2016)Anti-inflammatory properties of lipoxin A4 protect against diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Neural Regen Res 11:636-640.
Hankey GJ(2012)Anticoagulant therapy for patients with ischaemic stroke.Nat Rev Neurol 8:319-328.
Hao CZ,Wu F,Shen J,Lu L,Fu DL,Liao WJ,Zheng GQ(2012)Clinical efficacy and safety of buyang huanwu decoction for acute ischemic stroke:a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:630124.
Hattori Y,Ihara M(2016)SIRT1.Nihon Rinsho 74:589-594.
Hernández-Jiménez M,Hurtado O,Cuartero MI,Ballesteros I,Moraga A,Pradillo JM,Mc Burney MW,Lizasoain I,Moro MA(2013)Silent information regulator 1 protects the brain against cerebral ischemic damage.Stroke 44:2333-2337.
Hu MZ,Zhou B,Mao HY,Sheng Q,Du B,Chen JL,Pang QF,Ji Y(2016)Exogenous hydrogen sulfide postconditioning protects isolated rat hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through Sirt1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway.Int Heart J 57:477-482.
Kong XX,Wang R,Liu XJ,Zhu LL,Shao D,Chang YS,Fang FD(2009)Function of SIRT1 in physiology.Biochemistry(Mosc)74:703-708.
Kuwaki S,Ohhira I,Takahata M,Murata Y,Tada M(2002)Antifungal activity of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against tinea.J Biosci Bioeng 94:401-405.
Lanzillotta A,Pignataro G,Branca C,Cuomo O,Sarnico I,Benarese M,Annunziato L,Spano P,Pizzi M(2013)Targeted acetylation of NF-kappa B/Rel A and histones by epigenetic drugs reduces post-ischemic brain injury in mice with an extended therapeutic window.Neurobiol Dis 49:177-189.
Law YB,Mok WS,Wu GA,Lam WC,Yu XM,Wong KV(2016)New potential pharmacological functions of chinese herbal medicines via regulation of autophagy.Molecules 21:359.
Li H,Li RJ,Li F(2012a)Modified Sanpian decoction in treating migraine randomized controlled clinical study.Shiyong Zhongyi Neike Zazhi 26:12-13.
Li JH,Liu AJ,Li HQ,Wang Y,Shang HC,Zheng GQ(2014)Buyang huanwu decoction for healthcare:evidence-based theoretical interpretations of treating different diseases with the same method and target of vascularity.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:506783.
Li M,Qu YZ,Zhao ZW,Wu SX,Liu YY,Wei XY,Gao L,Gao GD(2012b)Astragaloside IV protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury correlating to suppression of neutrophils adhesion-related molecules.Neurochem Int 60:458-465.
Li ZX,Lv JL,Chen P,Zhao RL(2015)Effects of ischemic postconditioning on related pathways and interleukin 8 expression in rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu 19:7938-7944.
Liang ZK,Yao GZ,Liang XC(2011)Analysis on Therapeutic effect of migraine treated by Sanpian decoction combined with electroacupuncture.Shiyong Zhongyiyao Zazhi 27:366-368.
Lin Z,Zhu D,Yan Y,Yu B(2008)Herbal formula FBD extracts prevented brain injury and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion.J Ethnopharmacol 118:140-147.
Liu CL,Zhang K,Chen G(2016)Hydrogen therapy:from mechanism to cerebral diseases.Med Gas Res 6:48-54.
Longa EZ,Weinstein PR,Carlson S,Cummins R(1989)Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.Stroke20:84-91.
Lv H,Wang L,Shen J,Hao S,Ming A,Wang X,Su F,Zhang Z(2015)Salvianolic acid B attenuates apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT1activation in experimental stroke rats.Brain Res Bull 115:30-36.
Ma CY,Yin L(2016)Neuroprotective effect of angiotensin II type 2receptor during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Neural Regen Res11:1102-1107.
Ma Y,Nie H,Chen H,Li J,Hong Y,Wang B,Wang C,Zhang J,Cao W,Zhang M,Xu Y,Ding X,Yin SK,Qu X,Ying W(2015)NAD+/NADHmetabolism and NAD+-dependent enzymes in cell death and ischemic brain injury:current advances and therapeutic implications.Curr Med Chem 22:1239-1247.
Mac Manus JP,Buchan AM(2000)Apoptosis after experimental stroke:fact or fashion?J Neurotrauma 17:899-914.
Miao Y,Zhao S,Gao Y,Wang R,Wu Q,Wu H,Luo T(2016)Curcumin pretreatment attenuates inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental stroke:The possible role of Sirt1 signaling.Brain Res Bull 121:9-15.
Morris KC,Lin HW,Thompson JW,Perez-Pinzon MA(2011)Pathways for ischemic cytoprotection:role of sirtuins in caloric restriction,resveratrol,and ischemic preconditioning.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab31:1003-1019.
Ni M(1995)The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine:A New Translation of the Neijing Suwen with Commentary.Boulder,CO,USA:Shambhala Publications.
Ousman SS,Kubes P(2012)Immune surveillance in the central nervous system.Nat Neurosci 15:1096-1101.
Palencia G,Medrano Já,Ortiz-Plata A,Farfán DJ,Sotelo J,Sánchez A,Trejo-Solís C(2015)Anti-apoptotic,anti-oxidant,and anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.J Neurol Sci 351:78-87.
Pan W,Yu H,Huang S,Zhu P(2016)Resveratrol protects against tnf-α-induced injury in human umbilical endothelial cells through promoting sirtuin-1-induced repression of NF-KB and p38 MAPK.PLo S One 11:e0147034.
Paraíso AF,Mendes KL,Santos SH(2013)Brain activation of SIRT1:role in neuropathology.Mol Neurobiol 48:681-689.
Park H,Hwang YH,Yang HJ,Kim HK,Song KS,Ma JY(2014)Acute toxicity and genotoxicity study of fermented traditional herb formula Guibi-tang.J Ethnopharmacol 156:182-189.
Pytel P,Alexander JJ(2009)Pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy.Curr Opin Neurol 22:283-287.
Rahman I,Kinnula VL,Gorbunova V,Yao H(2012)SIRT1 as a therapeutic target in inflammaging of the pulmonary disease.Prev Med54 Suppl:S20-S28.
Sharief MK,Thompson EJ(1992)In vivo relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to blood-brain barrier damage in patients with active multiple sclerosis.J Neuroimmunol 38:27-33.
Shen J,Fang J,Hao J,Zhong X,Wang D,Ren H,Hu Z(2016)SIRT1 inhibits the catabolic effect of IL-1βthrough TLR2/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells.Pain Physician19:E215-226.
Sieber MW,Claus RA,Witte OW,Frahm C(2011)Attenuated inflammatory response in aged mice brains following stroke.PLo S One 6:e26288.
Talebnia F,Karakashev D,Angelidaki I(2010)Production of bioethanol from wheat straw:An overview on pretreatment,hydrolysis and fermentation.Bioresour Technol 101:4744-4753.
Tan L,Zhang X,Mei Z,Wang J,Li X,Huang W,Yang S(2016)Fermented chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling protects brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxidative stress injury.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med doi:10.1155/2016/5154290:13.
Thompson JW,Narayanan SV,Koronowski KB,Morris-Blanco K,Dave KR,Perez-Pinzon MA(2015)Signaling pathways leading to ischemic mitochondrial neuroprotection.J Bioenerg Biomembr 47:101-110.
Weon JB,Lee B,Yun BR,Lee J,Ma JY,Ma CJ(2014)Neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing activity of the fermented Bozhougyiqi-Tang.Pharmacogn Mag 10:S249-S255.
Wu CJ,Chen JT,Yen TL,Jayakumar T,Chou DS,Hsiao G,Sheu JR(2011)Neuroprotection by the traditional Chinese medicine,TaoHong-Si-Wu-Tang,against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced cerebral ischemia in rats.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med2011:803015.
Xiang YX,Wang WX,Xue Z,Zhu L,Wang SB,Sun ZH(2015)Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve protects against cerebral ischemic injury through an anti-infammatory mechanism.Neural Regen Res10:576-582.
Yan W,Fang Z,Yang Q,Dong H,Lu Y,Lei C,Xiong L(2013)Sir T1mediates hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance in rat brain.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:396-406.
Yang H,Ma S,Liu Y,Li Y,Wu W,Han E,Jia G,Wang C(2015)Poor outcome of experimental ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetic rats:impaired circulating endothelial progenitor cells mobilization.J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 24:980-987.
Yang H,Li L,Zhou K,Wang Y,Guan T,Chai C,Kou J,Yu B,Yan Y(2016)Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK,m TOR and JNKpathways.Pharm Biol 54:2288-2297.
Yang HJ,Weon JB,Lee B,Ma CJ(2011)The alteration of components in the fermented Hwangryunhaedok-tang and its neuroprotective activity.Pharmacogn Mag 7:207-212.
Yang Y,Duan W,Li Y,Yan J,Yi W,Liang Z,Wang N,Yi D,Jin Z(2013)New role of silent information regulator 1 in cerebral ischemia.Neurobiol Aging 34:2879-2888.
Yao H,Rahman I(2012)Perspectives on translational and therapeutic aspects of SIRT1 in inflammaging and senescence.Biochem Pharmacol 84:1332-1339.
Yepes M,Roussel BD,Ali C,Vivien D(2009)Tissue-type plasminogen activator in the ischemic brain:more than a thrombolytic.Trends Neurosci 32:48-55.
Yeung F,Hoberg JE,Ramsey CS,Keller MD,Jones DR,Frye RA,Mayo MW(2004)Modulation of NF-κB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase.EMBO J 23:2369-2380.
Yin J,Tu C,Zhao J,Ou D,Chen G,Liu Y,Xiao X(2013)Exogenous hydrogen sulfide protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via its anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in rats.Brain Res 1491:188-196.
Yu L,Sun Y,Cheng L,Jin Z,Yang Y,Zhai M,Pei H,Wang X,Zhang H,Meng Q,Zhang Y,Yu S,Duan W(2014)Melatonin receptor-mediated protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury:role of SIRT1.J Pineal Res 57:228-238.
Zhang P,Guo ZF,Xu YM,Li YS,Song JG(2016a)N-Butylphthalide(NBP)ameliorated cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced brain injury via HGF-regulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Biomed Pharmacother 83:658-666.
Zhang Q,Bian H,Li Y,Guo L,Tang Y,Zhu H(2014)Preconditioning with the traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang initiates HIF-1α-dependent neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in rats.J Ethnopharmacol 154:443-452.
Zhang Q,Wang J,Zhang C,Liao S,Li P,Xu D,Lv Y,Yang M,Kong L(2016b)The components of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction act synergistically to exert protective effects in a rat ischemic stroke model.Oncotarget 7:80872-80887.
Zhang Y,Li H,Huang M,Huang M,Chu K,Xu W,Zhang S,Que J,Chen L(2015)Paeoniflorin,a monoterpene glycoside,protects the brain from cerebral ischemic injury via inhibition of apoptosis.Am JChin Med 43:543-557.
Zhao LD,Wang JH,Jin GR,Zhao Y,Zhang HJ(2012)Neuroprotective effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats--time window and mechanism.J Ethnopharmacol 140:339-344.
Zhao Y,Fang Y,Li J,Duan Y,Zhao H,Gao L,Luo Y(2016)Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol against inflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice.Neurosci Lett 630:16-22.
Zschoernig B,Mahlknecht U(2008)SIRTUIN 1:Regulating the regulator.Biochem Biophys Res Commun 376:251-255.