雪灾对农业影响的损失评估
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摘要
为了分析雪灾对宁波市农业影响的损失,并对其进行评估。本研究选取宁波市2014年一次降雪过程,基于自然灾害理论,综合考虑形成雪灾损失的危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力,将遥感、地理信息技术与雪灾损失相结合构建雪灾损失评估模型。结合土地利用类型图,提取农业用地,将雪灾对农业影响的损失区域划分为低损失、中损失和高损失,并进行分区评述。结果表明:余姚市的积雪覆盖面积最大,且雪灾各损失等级所占面积均最大,受灾最严重;海曙区、江东区和江北区无积雪覆盖,无雪灾损失。雪灾高损失区域主要位于海拔较高的余姚南部和鄞州西部山区。
The paper aims to analyze and assess the loss of snow disaster on farming in Ningbo.Based on the theory of natural disaster,considering the risk,exposure,vulnerability and the capabilities of disaster prevention and mitigation resulting in snow disaster loss,the authors selected a snowfall process in 2014 in Ningbo,and built the snow disaster loss assessment model by combining remote sensing,GIS technology and snow disaster loss.Combining the farm land extracted from land-use map,the authors divided the loss of the snow disaster into small loss,medium loss and high loss,and did zoning reviews.The results showed that:the largest area of snow disaster and the worst-hit area were all in Yuyao;there were no snow disaster loss in Haishu,Jiangdong and Jiangbei district.The high snow disaster loss areas were mainly in southern Yuyao and western mountainous Yinzhou where the altitude were high.
The paper aims to analyze and assess the loss of snow disaster on farming in Ningbo.Based on the theory of natural disaster,considering the risk,exposure,vulnerability and the capabilities of disaster prevention and mitigation resulting in snow disaster loss,the authors selected a snowfall process in 2014 in Ningbo,and built the snow disaster loss assessment model by combining remote sensing,GIS technology and snow disaster loss.Combining the farm land extracted from land-use map,the authors divided the loss of the snow disaster into small loss,medium loss and high loss,and did zoning reviews.The results showed that:the largest area of snow disaster and the worst-hit area were all in Yuyao;there were no snow disaster loss in Haishu,Jiangdong and Jiangbei district.The high snow disaster loss areas were mainly in southern Yuyao and western mountainous Yinzhou where the altitude were high.
引文
[1]吴玮,秦其明,范一大,等.中国雪灾评估研究综述[J].灾害学,2013,28(4):153-158.
[2]梁凤娟,孟雪峰,王永清,等.基于GIS的雪灾风险区划[J].气象科技,2014,42(2):336-340.
[3]陈彦清,杨建宇,苏伟,等.县级尺度下雪灾风险评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(Supp.2):307-311.
[4]郝璐,王静爱,满苏尔,等.中国雪灾时空变化及畜牧业脆弱性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):42-48.
[5]周陆生,李海红,汪青春.青藏高原东部牧区大一暴雪过程及雪灾分布的基本特征[J].高原气象,2000,19(4):452-458.
[6]吴炳娟,张旭晖,蒯志敏,等.雪灾对江苏特色农业生产的影响[J].现代农业科技,2008,18:367-368.
[7]姚筠,马晓群,许莹,等.2008年安徽省雪灾农业影响定量评估研究[J].气象,2010,36(1):85-90.
[8]郭妮,倾继祖.气象卫星资料对积雪的遥感监测与分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(4):237-240.
[9]于泓峰,张显峰.光学与微波遥感的新疆积雪覆盖变化分析[J].地球信息科学,2015,17(2):244-252.
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[11]周陆生,汪青春,李海红,等.青藏高原东部牧区大一暴雪过程雪灾灾情实时预评估方法的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(2):58-65.
[12]何咏琪,黄晓东,方金,等.基于HJ-1B卫星数据的积雪面积制图算法研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):65-73.
[13]黄鹤楼,胡波,丁烨毅,等.宁波市气象灾害防御规划技术研究[M].宁波:宁波出版社,2013:60-67.
[14]Davidson R A,Lamber K B.Comparing the hurricane disaster risk of U.S.coastal counties[J].Natural Hazards Review,2001,2(3):132-142.
[15]胡波,严甲真,丁烨毅,等.台风灾害风险区划模型[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):152-158.
[16]张永宏,任伟,曹庭,等.FY-3/VIRR资料积雪多阈值综合判识方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(6):1076-1084.
[17]高玉宏,程远,王文玲,等.基于RS和GIS的黑龙江积雪时空变化研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(8):85-89.
[18]张斌,赵前胜,姜瑜君.区域承灾体脆弱性指标体系与精细量化模型研究[J].灾害学,2010,25(2):36-40.
[19]常春芝.环境承载力分析在规划环境影响评价中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2007,23(2):38-41.
[20]Meng L.The technological system of production suitability index for strategic environmental assessment in metropolitan areas[J].Landscape Urban Plan,2000,81:200-212.
[2]梁凤娟,孟雪峰,王永清,等.基于GIS的雪灾风险区划[J].气象科技,2014,42(2):336-340.
[3]陈彦清,杨建宇,苏伟,等.县级尺度下雪灾风险评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(Supp.2):307-311.
[4]郝璐,王静爱,满苏尔,等.中国雪灾时空变化及畜牧业脆弱性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):42-48.
[5]周陆生,李海红,汪青春.青藏高原东部牧区大一暴雪过程及雪灾分布的基本特征[J].高原气象,2000,19(4):452-458.
[6]吴炳娟,张旭晖,蒯志敏,等.雪灾对江苏特色农业生产的影响[J].现代农业科技,2008,18:367-368.
[7]姚筠,马晓群,许莹,等.2008年安徽省雪灾农业影响定量评估研究[J].气象,2010,36(1):85-90.
[8]郭妮,倾继祖.气象卫星资料对积雪的遥感监测与分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(4):237-240.
[9]于泓峰,张显峰.光学与微波遥感的新疆积雪覆盖变化分析[J].地球信息科学,2015,17(2):244-252.
[10]杨军,董超华,卢乃锰,等.中国新一代极轨气象卫星——风云三号[J].气象学报,2009,67(4):501-509.
[11]周陆生,汪青春,李海红,等.青藏高原东部牧区大一暴雪过程雪灾灾情实时预评估方法的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(2):58-65.
[12]何咏琪,黄晓东,方金,等.基于HJ-1B卫星数据的积雪面积制图算法研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):65-73.
[13]黄鹤楼,胡波,丁烨毅,等.宁波市气象灾害防御规划技术研究[M].宁波:宁波出版社,2013:60-67.
[14]Davidson R A,Lamber K B.Comparing the hurricane disaster risk of U.S.coastal counties[J].Natural Hazards Review,2001,2(3):132-142.
[15]胡波,严甲真,丁烨毅,等.台风灾害风险区划模型[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):152-158.
[16]张永宏,任伟,曹庭,等.FY-3/VIRR资料积雪多阈值综合判识方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(6):1076-1084.
[17]高玉宏,程远,王文玲,等.基于RS和GIS的黑龙江积雪时空变化研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(8):85-89.
[18]张斌,赵前胜,姜瑜君.区域承灾体脆弱性指标体系与精细量化模型研究[J].灾害学,2010,25(2):36-40.
[19]常春芝.环境承载力分析在规划环境影响评价中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2007,23(2):38-41.
[20]Meng L.The technological system of production suitability index for strategic environmental assessment in metropolitan areas[J].Landscape Urban Plan,2000,81:200-212.