基于ORYZA＿V3模型的水稻水肥综合调控模式研究
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摘要
【目的】探索赣抚平原灌区不同水文年型适宜的水稻水肥综合调控模式,为灌区水稻水肥管理提供决策依据。【方法】基于江西省灌溉试验中心站2012—2013年晚稻试验资料对ORYZA_V3模型进行了率定与验证,并以率定后的模型模拟分析了不同水文年组及水肥模式下晚稻灌溉定额、产量、氮肥利用率等指标。【结果】降低灌前水分下限能降低腾发量与灌溉定额。耕作层灌前土壤含水率大于饱和含水率的70%～75%时,降低灌前水分下限均能提高晚稻的产量与氮肥利用率。耕作层灌前土壤含水率低于饱和含水率的60%～65%时,晚稻产量、氮肥利用率均有所下降。施氮肥量增加会降低氮肥利用率,施氮肥次数增加能提高氮肥利用率,二者增加均能增加晚稻产量,但会导致晚稻耐旱能力降低。从节水、增产、增效的角度,推荐试验区采用的水肥综合调控模式:氮肥量135kg/hm~2,分3次施用(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2),丰水年采用重旱节水灌溉模式(耕作层灌前土壤含水率下限占饱和含水率的60%～65%),平、枯水年采用中旱节水灌溉模式(耕作层灌前土壤含水率下限占饱和含水率的70%～75%)。【结论】与传统水肥模式相比,所推荐水肥模式在丰、平、枯水年能分别节水41.4%、30.0%、21.9%,增产7.5%、5.4%、3.4%,提高氮肥利用率57.3%、51.2%、44.9%,节省氮肥25%。
【Objective】Improving resource use efficiency is critical to sustaining agricultural production and this paper is to study the feasibility of using the ORYZA_V3 model to help improve water and fertilizer management in irrigated rice field.【Method】The study focused on Jiangi Irrigation Experimental Station. We first calibrated the ORYZA_V3 model against data collected in 2012—2013 from the station, and then used it to analyze the irrigation amount, yield, nitrogen use efficiency of the later-season rice under different hydrological years, as well as water and fertilizer management.【Result】Reducing the critical low soil moisture for irrigation can reduce evapotranspiration and thus irrigation amount. Particularly, setting the low soil moisture in the plowed layer for irrigation at 70%～75% of saturated water content prior to irrigation increased the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the rice. In contrast, setting the low soil moisture in the plowed later for irrigation lower than 60%～65% of the saturated water content reduced both yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application reduced its use efficiency, whereas increasing fertilization frequency facilitated nitrogen use efficiency. Increasing nitrogen amount and fertilization frequency increased the yield but at expense of reducing drought-tolerance of the plant. For balancing water saving, yield and nitrogen use efficiency, keeping nitrogen application at 135 kg/hm2 and applying it in three times(base fertilization, tiller fertilization and panicle fertilization at ratio of 5∶3∶2) appeared to give the best result. In wet years, the critical soil moisture in the plowed layer for irrigation can be set at60%～65% of saturated water content, while in normal and dry year it can be increased to 70%～75% of the saturated water content.【Conclusion】Compared with traditional water and fertilizer application, using the above optimized fertigation can save water by 41.4%, 30.0% and 21.9%, increase yield by 7.5%, 5.4%, 3.4%, and nitrogen use efficiency by 57.3%, 51.2%, 44.9% in wet, normal and dry year, respectively. On average, it can overall save nitrogen fertilizer by 25%.
【Objective】Improving resource use efficiency is critical to sustaining agricultural production and this paper is to study the feasibility of using the ORYZA_V3 model to help improve water and fertilizer management in irrigated rice field.【Method】The study focused on Jiangi Irrigation Experimental Station. We first calibrated the ORYZA_V3 model against data collected in 2012—2013 from the station, and then used it to analyze the irrigation amount, yield, nitrogen use efficiency of the later-season rice under different hydrological years, as well as water and fertilizer management.【Result】Reducing the critical low soil moisture for irrigation can reduce evapotranspiration and thus irrigation amount. Particularly, setting the low soil moisture in the plowed layer for irrigation at 70%～75% of saturated water content prior to irrigation increased the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the rice. In contrast, setting the low soil moisture in the plowed later for irrigation lower than 60%～65% of the saturated water content reduced both yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application reduced its use efficiency, whereas increasing fertilization frequency facilitated nitrogen use efficiency. Increasing nitrogen amount and fertilization frequency increased the yield but at expense of reducing drought-tolerance of the plant. For balancing water saving, yield and nitrogen use efficiency, keeping nitrogen application at 135 kg/hm2 and applying it in three times(base fertilization, tiller fertilization and panicle fertilization at ratio of 5∶3∶2) appeared to give the best result. In wet years, the critical soil moisture in the plowed layer for irrigation can be set at60%～65% of saturated water content, while in normal and dry year it can be increased to 70%～75% of the saturated water content.【Conclusion】Compared with traditional water and fertilizer application, using the above optimized fertigation can save water by 41.4%, 30.0% and 21.9%, increase yield by 7.5%, 5.4%, 3.4%, and nitrogen use efficiency by 57.3%, 51.2%, 44.9% in wet, normal and dry year, respectively. On average, it can overall save nitrogen fertilizer by 25%.
引文
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[2]叶永棋,卢成,郑世宗,等.南方丘陵区稻田节水增效减污灌溉技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):6-10.
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[5]杨士红,陈娟,李霁雯,等.有机肥施用对节水灌溉水稻生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(5):13-17.
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[7]YUAN Shen,PENG Shaobing,LI Tao.Evaluation and application of the ORYZA rice model under different crop managements with high-yielding rice cultivars in central China[J].Field Crops Research,2017,212:115-125.
[8]LI Tao,OLIVYN ANGELES,MANUEL MaRCAIDA III,et al.From ORYZA2000 to ORYZA(v3):An improved simulation model for rice in drought and nitrogen-deficient environments[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,237/238:246-256.
[9]刘路广,谭君位,吴瑕,等.鄂北地区水稻适宜节水模式与节水潜力[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):169-177.
[10]李亚龙,崔远来,李远华,等.基于ORYZA2000模型的旱稻生长模拟及氮肥管理研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):141-146.
[11]李亚龙,余维,张平仓,等.水稻生长模拟模型ORYZA2000及其在中国应用前景分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(3):78-81,87.
[12]邵东国,孙春敏,王洪强,等.稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):72-78.
[13]吴云艳.杂草稻竞争对栽培稻氮素积累量、氮素利用率及产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2018(2):241-244.
[14]才硕,时红,许亚群,等.赣抚平原灌区双季稻优化灌溉方式研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(4):11-14.
[15]茆智.水稻节水灌溉[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(4):45-47.
[16]TAN Junwei,CUI Yuanlai,LUO Yufeng.Assessment of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for ORYZA model under different ranges of parameter variation[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2017,91:54-62.
[17]茆智,崔远来,李远华.水稻水分生产函数及其时空变异理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[18]YADAV,SUDHIR LI,TAO KUKAL,et al.Evaluation and application of ORYZA2000 for irrigation scheduling of puddled transplanted rice in north west India[J].Field Crops Research,2011,122(2):104-117.
[19]潘圣刚,曹凑贵,蔡明历,等.不同灌溉模式下氮肥水平对水稻氮素利用效率、产量及其品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):283-289.
[20]刘明,杨士红,徐俊增,等.控释氮肥对节水灌溉水稻产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2014(5):7-10.
[21]何军,常元莉,李雪蓉,等.节灌条件缓释肥对水稻株高、分蘖、叶绿素及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(3):7-9.
[2]叶永棋,卢成,郑世宗,等.南方丘陵区稻田节水增效减污灌溉技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):6-10.
[3]余双,崔远来,王力,等.水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2016,49(1):46-53.
[4]龚少红,崔远来,黄介生,等.不同水肥处理条件下水稻生理指标及产量变化规律[J].节水灌溉,2005(2):1-4.
[5]杨士红,陈娟,李霁雯,等.有机肥施用对节水灌溉水稻生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(5):13-17.
[6]BOUMAN B A M,VAN LAAR H H.Description and evaluation of the rice growth model ORYZA2000 under nitrogen-limited conditions[J].Agricultural Systems,2006,87(3):249-273.
[7]YUAN Shen,PENG Shaobing,LI Tao.Evaluation and application of the ORYZA rice model under different crop managements with high-yielding rice cultivars in central China[J].Field Crops Research,2017,212:115-125.
[8]LI Tao,OLIVYN ANGELES,MANUEL MaRCAIDA III,et al.From ORYZA2000 to ORYZA(v3):An improved simulation model for rice in drought and nitrogen-deficient environments[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,237/238:246-256.
[9]刘路广,谭君位,吴瑕,等.鄂北地区水稻适宜节水模式与节水潜力[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):169-177.
[10]李亚龙,崔远来,李远华,等.基于ORYZA2000模型的旱稻生长模拟及氮肥管理研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):141-146.
[11]李亚龙,余维,张平仓,等.水稻生长模拟模型ORYZA2000及其在中国应用前景分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(3):78-81,87.
[12]邵东国,孙春敏,王洪强,等.稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):72-78.
[13]吴云艳.杂草稻竞争对栽培稻氮素积累量、氮素利用率及产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2018(2):241-244.
[14]才硕,时红,许亚群,等.赣抚平原灌区双季稻优化灌溉方式研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(4):11-14.
[15]茆智.水稻节水灌溉[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(4):45-47.
[16]TAN Junwei,CUI Yuanlai,LUO Yufeng.Assessment of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for ORYZA model under different ranges of parameter variation[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2017,91:54-62.
[17]茆智,崔远来,李远华.水稻水分生产函数及其时空变异理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[18]YADAV,SUDHIR LI,TAO KUKAL,et al.Evaluation and application of ORYZA2000 for irrigation scheduling of puddled transplanted rice in north west India[J].Field Crops Research,2011,122(2):104-117.
[19]潘圣刚,曹凑贵,蔡明历,等.不同灌溉模式下氮肥水平对水稻氮素利用效率、产量及其品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):283-289.
[20]刘明,杨士红,徐俊增,等.控释氮肥对节水灌溉水稻产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2014(5):7-10.
[21]何军,常元莉,李雪蓉,等.节灌条件缓释肥对水稻株高、分蘖、叶绿素及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(3):7-9.