Spatiotemporal characteristics of ultraviolet solar radiation in China
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摘要
紫外辐射不仅对气候变化和光化学具有重要意义,而且对地球生态系统也具有重要意义。利用中国科学院陆地生态系统研究网络(CERN)地基辐射联网观测的长期数据进行紫外辐射时空演变规律研究;建立了基于云修正因子的紫外辐射重构模型,利用观测与重构数据定量评估了气溶胶、云对紫外辐射的作用,从20世纪60年代到80年代呈现为一个下降趋势,之后下降趋势变缓,90年代后变化趋势不明显,这个年际变化主要可能是气溶胶变化造成。
UV radiation plays an important role in climate change and photochemical reactions, and in Ecosystem Research. In this study, the authors presented study results of China's National Basic Research Program Study on the climatic characteristics and reconstruction method of UV radiation in China. The spatiotemporal variation of UV radiation in China has been discussed, and then an effcient modeling method has been established to obtain history UV radiation data to analyse the variation trends of UV radiation in China. Finally, the influence of aerosol, cloud, ozone, and water vapor on UV radiation has been discussed.
UV radiation plays an important role in climate change and photochemical reactions, and in Ecosystem Research. In this study, the authors presented study results of China's National Basic Research Program Study on the climatic characteristics and reconstruction method of UV radiation in China. The spatiotemporal variation of UV radiation in China has been discussed, and then an effcient modeling method has been established to obtain history UV radiation data to analyse the variation trends of UV radiation in China. Finally, the influence of aerosol, cloud, ozone, and water vapor on UV radiation has been discussed.
引文
Calbó,J.,D.Pages,and J.A.Gonzalez.2005.“Empirical Studies of Cloud Effects on UV Radiation:A Review.”Reviews of Geophysics 43:RG2002.doi:10.1029/2004RG000155.
Caňada,J.,G.Pedrós,A.López,and J.V.Boscá.2000.“Influences of the Clearness Index for the Whole Spectrum and of the Relative Optical Air Mass on UVSolar Irradiance for Two Locations in the Mediterranean Area,Valencia and Cordoba.”Journal of Geophysical Research 105:4659-4766.doi:10.1029/1999JD901106.
de Outer,P.N.,H.Slaper,and R.Tax.2005.“UV Radiation in the Netherlands:Assessing Long-Term Variability and Trends in Relation to Ozone and Clouds.”Journal of Geophysical Research 110:D02203.
Deng,X.,X.Zhou,X.Tie,D.Wu,F.Li,H.Tan,and T.Den.2012.“Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation Reaching the Surface Due to Atmospheric Aerosols in Guangzhou.”Chinese Science Bulletin 57:27592766.doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5172-5.
Dickerson,R.,S.Kondragunta,G.Stenchikov,K.Civerolo,B.Doddridge,and B.Holben.1997.“The Impact of Aerosols on Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Photochemical Smog.”Science 278:827-830.doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.827.
Ferrero,E.,M.E?ry,G.Ferreyra,I.Schloss,H.Zagarese,M.Vernet,and F.Momo.2006.“Vertical Mixing and Ecological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation in Planktonic Communities.”Photochemistry and Photobiology 82(4):898.doi:10.1562/2005-11-23-ra-736.
Grants,R.H.,and G.M.Heisler.1997.“Obscured Overcast Sky Radiance Distributions for Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Active Radiation.”Journal of Applied Meteorology 36:1336-1345.doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1336:OOSRDF>2.0.CO;2.
Hu,B.,Y.S.Wang,and G.R.Liu.2007.“Ultraviolet Radiation Spatiotemporal Characteristics Derived from the GroundBased Measurements Taken in China.”Atmospheric Environment 41:5707-5718.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.044.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,Y.S.Wang,G.Liu,L.Tang,D.Ji,Y.Bai,et al.2017a.“Two Ultraviolet Radiation Datasets that Cover China.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 34(7):805-815.doi:10.1007/s00376-017-6293-1.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,L.Zhang,Y.S.Wang,and P.F.Tian.2016.“Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ultraviolet Radiation in Recent 54 Years from Measurements and Reconstructions over the Tibetan Plateau.”Journal of Geophysical Research121:7673-7690.doi:10.1002/2015JD024378.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,L.Zhang,X.J.Zhao,K.Z.Shang,Y.S.Wang,and J.Wang.2017b.“Ultraviolet Radiation over China:Spatial Distribution and Trends.”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76:1371-1383.doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.102.
Thomas,P.,A.Swaminatha,and R.Lucas.2012.“Climate Change and Health with an Emphasis on Interactions with Ultraviolet Radiation:A Review.”Global Change Biology 18(8):2392-2405.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02706.x.
Wang,L.C.,W.Gong,L.Feng,A.W.Lin,and B.Hu.2014.“Long-Term Variations of UV Radiation in China from Measurements and Model Reconstructions.”Energy 78:928-938.doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.090.
Zhang,X.,B.Hu,Y.Wang,and J.Lu.2014.“Reconstruction of Daily Ultraviolet Radiation for Nine Observation Stations in China.”Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 71:303-319.doi:10.1007/s10874-015-9296-2.
Zhou,X.1996.Variation of Atmospheric Ozone and Its Climatic&Environmental Impact in China(I)(In Chinese).Beijing:Meteorological Press.
Caňada,J.,G.Pedrós,A.López,and J.V.Boscá.2000.“Influences of the Clearness Index for the Whole Spectrum and of the Relative Optical Air Mass on UVSolar Irradiance for Two Locations in the Mediterranean Area,Valencia and Cordoba.”Journal of Geophysical Research 105:4659-4766.doi:10.1029/1999JD901106.
de Outer,P.N.,H.Slaper,and R.Tax.2005.“UV Radiation in the Netherlands:Assessing Long-Term Variability and Trends in Relation to Ozone and Clouds.”Journal of Geophysical Research 110:D02203.
Deng,X.,X.Zhou,X.Tie,D.Wu,F.Li,H.Tan,and T.Den.2012.“Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation Reaching the Surface Due to Atmospheric Aerosols in Guangzhou.”Chinese Science Bulletin 57:27592766.doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5172-5.
Dickerson,R.,S.Kondragunta,G.Stenchikov,K.Civerolo,B.Doddridge,and B.Holben.1997.“The Impact of Aerosols on Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Photochemical Smog.”Science 278:827-830.doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.827.
Ferrero,E.,M.E?ry,G.Ferreyra,I.Schloss,H.Zagarese,M.Vernet,and F.Momo.2006.“Vertical Mixing and Ecological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation in Planktonic Communities.”Photochemistry and Photobiology 82(4):898.doi:10.1562/2005-11-23-ra-736.
Grants,R.H.,and G.M.Heisler.1997.“Obscured Overcast Sky Radiance Distributions for Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Active Radiation.”Journal of Applied Meteorology 36:1336-1345.doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1336:OOSRDF>2.0.CO;2.
Hu,B.,Y.S.Wang,and G.R.Liu.2007.“Ultraviolet Radiation Spatiotemporal Characteristics Derived from the GroundBased Measurements Taken in China.”Atmospheric Environment 41:5707-5718.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.044.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,Y.S.Wang,G.Liu,L.Tang,D.Ji,Y.Bai,et al.2017a.“Two Ultraviolet Radiation Datasets that Cover China.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 34(7):805-815.doi:10.1007/s00376-017-6293-1.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,L.Zhang,Y.S.Wang,and P.F.Tian.2016.“Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ultraviolet Radiation in Recent 54 Years from Measurements and Reconstructions over the Tibetan Plateau.”Journal of Geophysical Research121:7673-7690.doi:10.1002/2015JD024378.
Liu,H.,B.Hu,L.Zhang,X.J.Zhao,K.Z.Shang,Y.S.Wang,and J.Wang.2017b.“Ultraviolet Radiation over China:Spatial Distribution and Trends.”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76:1371-1383.doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.102.
Thomas,P.,A.Swaminatha,and R.Lucas.2012.“Climate Change and Health with an Emphasis on Interactions with Ultraviolet Radiation:A Review.”Global Change Biology 18(8):2392-2405.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02706.x.
Wang,L.C.,W.Gong,L.Feng,A.W.Lin,and B.Hu.2014.“Long-Term Variations of UV Radiation in China from Measurements and Model Reconstructions.”Energy 78:928-938.doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.090.
Zhang,X.,B.Hu,Y.Wang,and J.Lu.2014.“Reconstruction of Daily Ultraviolet Radiation for Nine Observation Stations in China.”Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 71:303-319.doi:10.1007/s10874-015-9296-2.
Zhou,X.1996.Variation of Atmospheric Ozone and Its Climatic&Environmental Impact in China(I)(In Chinese).Beijing:Meteorological Press.