提钒尾渣脱钠技术研究
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摘要
提钒尾渣含铁、钒等有价元素,但因钠含量高,返高炉炼铁会带来潜在风险。为解决上述问题,分别研究了提钒尾渣湿法脱钠技术,还原焙烧—磁选分离技术及钠化还原—浸出—磁选分离技术。结果表明,采用氧化钙作为脱钠剂加压浸出,提钒尾渣脱钠率可达到80.5%;提钒尾渣800℃还原后,其中铁还原为磁铁矿,但结晶粒度小,磁选分离效果差,提高还原温度至1 200℃,铁继续还原为金属铁,并聚集长大,分离效果良好;提钒尾渣同时添加钠盐、煤粉还原可实现钒和铁的同时转化,再通过浸出、磁选可实现三者有效分离,其中钠盐可用钙盐部分替代。
The extracted vanadium tailings contain useful iron and vanadium,while they bring risk when it is used for iron-making process due to their high sodium content.To solve the problem,three methods such as leaching,reduction-magnetic separation and sodic reduction-leaching-magnetic separation to remove sodium had been studied.It is found out that pressure leaching with CaO can remove 80.5% of sodium from the tailing.When the tail is reduced at 800 ℃,iron is reduced into magnetite and hardly to be separated because of its tiny size.While the temperature is increased to 1 200 ℃,the magnetite is further reduced into metallic iron and then aggregate,leading excellent separation effect.Reducing the extracted vanadium tailing with sodium salt and coal powder can obtain simultaneous transformation of iron and vanadium.Then after leaching and magnetic separating processes,iron,sodium and vanadium are separated efficiently.Besides,sodium salt can be partly replaced by calcium salt.
The extracted vanadium tailings contain useful iron and vanadium,while they bring risk when it is used for iron-making process due to their high sodium content.To solve the problem,three methods such as leaching,reduction-magnetic separation and sodic reduction-leaching-magnetic separation to remove sodium had been studied.It is found out that pressure leaching with CaO can remove 80.5% of sodium from the tailing.When the tail is reduced at 800 ℃,iron is reduced into magnetite and hardly to be separated because of its tiny size.While the temperature is increased to 1 200 ℃,the magnetite is further reduced into metallic iron and then aggregate,leading excellent separation effect.Reducing the extracted vanadium tailing with sodium salt and coal powder can obtain simultaneous transformation of iron and vanadium.Then after leaching and magnetic separating processes,iron,sodium and vanadium are separated efficiently.Besides,sodium salt can be partly replaced by calcium salt.
引文
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[17]Zeng Guanwu,Hao Jianzhang,Li Jianming,et al.The method to separate iron,vanadium and manganese from extracted vanadium tailings synchronously,China:CN105018734A[P].2015-11-04.(曾冠武,郝建璋,黎建明,等.一种提钒尾渣中铁、钒、锰同步分离的方法,中国:CN105018734A[P].2015-11-04.)
[2]Xu Chongguang,Wang Hailin,Yang Huan,et al.Comprehensive utilization of extracting vanadium tailings[J].Ferro-alloys,2018,49(1):40-43.(许崇光,王海林,杨欢,等.提钒尾渣的综合利用[J].铁合金,2018,49(1):40-43.)
[3]Zhang Haiping,Ding Yuehua,Hao Jianzhang,et al.Technology of eliminating sodium from extracted vanadium tailings[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,40(6):8-12.(张海平,丁跃华,郝建璋,等.钠化提钒尾渣脱钠实验[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(6):8-12.)
[4]Hao Jianzhang,Zeng Guanwu,Yang Jincheng,et al.The method to deal with extracted vanadium tailings,China:CN105002367A[P].2015-10-28.(郝建璋,曾冠武,杨金成,等.一种提钒尾渣的处理方法,中国:CN105002367A[P].2015-10-28.)
[5]Li Liang.Experimental study about preparation of sintered square brick by using vanadium tailings[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2018,37(6):1970-1973,1978.(李亮.利用提钒尾渣制备烧结广场砖实验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2018,37(6):1970-1973,1978.)
[6]Wang Qi,Jiang Maofa,Wang Meng,et al.Leaching and extraction of vanadium and chromium from vanadium tailings[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2016(9):13-16.(汪其,姜茂发,王猛,等.提钒尾渣中钒铬的浸出与萃取[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(9):13-16.)
[7]Fan Gang,Wei Chang,Ge Huaiwen,et al.Vanadium recovery from extracted vanadium residue by atmospheric pressure acid leaching[J].Nonferrous Metals,2010,62(4):65-68.(樊刚,魏昶,葛怀文,等.提钒尾渣常压酸浸提钒[J].有色金属,2010,62(4):65-68.)
[8]Wu Enhui,Huang Ping,Yang Shaoli,et al.Experimental study on direct reduction of vanadium tailings carbon-containing pellets[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2011(11):17-20.(吴恩辉,黄平,杨绍利,等.提钒尾渣内配碳球团直接还原试验[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2011(11):17-20.)
[9]Yang Huifen,Wang Jingjing,Jing Lili,et al.Effect of roasting temperature on the coal-based direct reduction of high-iron vanadium tailings[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,32(10):1258-1263.(杨慧芬,王静静,景丽丽,等.焙烧温度对高铁提钒尾渣煤基直接还原效果的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(10):1258-1263.)
[10]Yang He,Mao Linqiang,Xue Xiangxin,et al.Experiment on direct reduction of iron from vanadium extraction tailings by adding carbon[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,2013,34(5):28-32.(杨合,毛林强,薛向欣,等.提钒尾渣配碳直接还原铁试验[J].钢铁钒钛,2013,34(5):28-32.)
[11]Wang Lufeng,Fang Minxian.Experimental research on magnetic separation of the vanadium slag tailings reduction[J].China Venture Capital,2013(20):78-79.(王录锋,方民宪.提钒尾渣还原渣磁选试验研究[J].中国科技投资,2013(20):78-79.)
[12]Zhang Haiping.Experimental study on eliminating sodium from extracted vanadium tailings[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015.(张海平.钠化提钒尾渣脱钠试验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.)
[13]Li Lanjie,Zhao Beibei,Wang Haixu,et al.The process of high efficiency dealkalization and ore blending in ironmaking of the extracted vanadium residue[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2017,17(1):138-143.(李兰杰,赵备备,王海旭,等.提钒尾渣高效脱碱及配矿炼铁工艺[J].过程工程学报,2017,17(1):138-143.)
[14]Li Jianwei.The research on technology of red mud dealkalization and alkali recovery[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2012.(李建伟.烧结法赤泥脱碱及碱回收工艺研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2012.)
[15]Li Jianwei,Yang Jiujun,Sun Hongling,et al.Research on technology of alkali recovery in red mud[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2014(1):46-48.(李建伟,杨久俊,孙红玲,等.赤泥碱回收工艺研究[J].无机盐工业,2014(1):46-48.)
[16]Li Yaogang,Wang Yaqiong,Wang Keqin,et al.Rdealkalization of the red mud from the Al2O3sintering process[J].Engineering Chemistry&Metallurgy,1998,19(4):309-312.(李耀刚,王雅琼,王克勤,等.烧结法赤泥脱碱过程[J].化工冶金,1998,19(4):309-312.)
[17]Zeng Guanwu,Hao Jianzhang,Li Jianming,et al.The method to separate iron,vanadium and manganese from extracted vanadium tailings synchronously,China:CN105018734A[P].2015-11-04.(曾冠武,郝建璋,黎建明,等.一种提钒尾渣中铁、钒、锰同步分离的方法,中国:CN105018734A[P].2015-11-04.)