Baosteel emission control significantly benefited air quality in Shanghai
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摘要
As the largest iron and steel producer in China, a part of Baosteel moved out of Shanghai deserves close attention due to its environmental impact. To understand the effect of Baosteel emission control on air quality in Shanghai, daily PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO were measured from 2010 to 2016. Concentrations of pollutants in Baoshan District presented a decreased trend during 2010–2016, with a reduction rate of 28.6% for PM_(10), 67.3% for SO_2, 8.6% for NO_2 and 42.0% for CO. However, fine particle pollution in Baoshan District during 2012–2016 seems to become more prominent, with PM_(2.5) concentration of 47 ± 28,45 ± 33, 38 ± 24, 54 ± 41 and 51 ± 34 μg/m3, respectively, indicating a slight increase of 8.5%in PM_(2.5). Concentrations of PM_(10) and CO decreased by 12.5% and 33.8% in the second half year in 2016(compared with that in 2015) probably due to closure of blast furnace of Baosteel. Baosteel was identified as the largest pollution source in Baoshan District.Emission from Baosteel accounted for 58.0% of SO_2, 43.6% of NO_2 and 79.3% of dust in total emission from Baoshan District during 2010–2015. Meanwhile, pollutant emission and coal consumption from Baosteel decreased by 52.0% for SO_2, 40.1% for NO_2, 15.7% for dust and22% for coal consumption. Energy consumption in Baoshan District reduced by 31% from2011 to 2015. Air quality improvement in Shanghai was attributed to local emission reduction, together with regional air quality improvement.
As the largest iron and steel producer in China, a part of Baosteel moved out of Shanghai deserves close attention due to its environmental impact. To understand the effect of Baosteel emission control on air quality in Shanghai, daily PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO were measured from 2010 to 2016. Concentrations of pollutants in Baoshan District presented a decreased trend during 2010–2016, with a reduction rate of 28.6% for PM_(10), 67.3% for SO_2, 8.6% for NO_2 and 42.0% for CO. However, fine particle pollution in Baoshan District during 2012–2016 seems to become more prominent, with PM_(2.5) concentration of 47 ± 28,45 ± 33, 38 ± 24, 54 ± 41 and 51 ± 34 μg/m3, respectively, indicating a slight increase of 8.5%in PM_(2.5). Concentrations of PM_(10) and CO decreased by 12.5% and 33.8% in the second half year in 2016(compared with that in 2015) probably due to closure of blast furnace of Baosteel. Baosteel was identified as the largest pollution source in Baoshan District.Emission from Baosteel accounted for 58.0% of SO_2, 43.6% of NO_2 and 79.3% of dust in total emission from Baoshan District during 2010–2015. Meanwhile, pollutant emission and coal consumption from Baosteel decreased by 52.0% for SO_2, 40.1% for NO_2, 15.7% for dust and22% for coal consumption. Energy consumption in Baoshan District reduced by 31% from2011 to 2015. Air quality improvement in Shanghai was attributed to local emission reduction, together with regional air quality improvement.
As the largest iron and steel producer in China, a part of Baosteel moved out of Shanghai deserves close attention due to its environmental impact. To understand the effect of Baosteel emission control on air quality in Shanghai, daily PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO were measured from 2010 to 2016. Concentrations of pollutants in Baoshan District presented a decreased trend during 2010–2016, with a reduction rate of 28.6% for PM_(10), 67.3% for SO_2, 8.6% for NO_2 and 42.0% for CO. However, fine particle pollution in Baoshan District during 2012–2016 seems to become more prominent, with PM_(2.5) concentration of 47 ± 28,45 ± 33, 38 ± 24, 54 ± 41 and 51 ± 34 μg/m3, respectively, indicating a slight increase of 8.5%in PM_(2.5). Concentrations of PM_(10) and CO decreased by 12.5% and 33.8% in the second half year in 2016(compared with that in 2015) probably due to closure of blast furnace of Baosteel. Baosteel was identified as the largest pollution source in Baoshan District.Emission from Baosteel accounted for 58.0% of SO_2, 43.6% of NO_2 and 79.3% of dust in total emission from Baoshan District during 2010–2015. Meanwhile, pollutant emission and coal consumption from Baosteel decreased by 52.0% for SO_2, 40.1% for NO_2, 15.7% for dust and22% for coal consumption. Energy consumption in Baoshan District reduced by 31% from2011 to 2015. Air quality improvement in Shanghai was attributed to local emission reduction, together with regional air quality improvement.
引文
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Huang,X.F.,He,L.Y.,Xue,L.,Sun,T.L.,Zeng,L.W.,Gong,Z.H.,et al.,2012.Highly time-resolved chemical characterization of atmospheric fine particles during 2010 Shanghai World Expo.Atmos.Chem.Phys.12(11),4897-4907.
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Kim,Y.,Worrell,E.,2002.International comparison of CO2emission trends in the iron and steel industry.Energy Policy 30,827-838.
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NBSC(National Bureau of Statistics of China),2012-2016.China Statistical Yearbook(2012-2016).China Statistics Press,Beijing,China.
Shi,Y.,Chen,J.,Hu,D.,Wang,L.,Yang,X.,Wang,X.,2014.Airborne submicron particulate(PM1)pollution in Shanghai,China:chemical variability,formation/dissociation of associated semi-volatile components and the impacts on visibility.Sci.Total Environ.473,199-206.
SMSB(Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau),2016.Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2016.China Statistics Press,Beijing,China.
Stirnweis,L.,Marcolli,C.,Dommen,J.,Barmet,P.,Frege,C.,Platt,S.M.,et al.,2017.Assessing the influence of NOx concentrations and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol yields fromα-pinene photo-oxidation through smog chamber experiments and modelling calculations.Atmos.Chem.Phys.17(8),5035-5061.
Tan,J.,Yu,Q.,Ma,W.,Ma,J.,Cheng,J.,Zhang,Y.,2014.Development of refined emission inventory of air pollutants:a case study of Shanghai Baoshan District.Acta Sci.Circ.34(5),1099-1108.
Tao,Y.,Yin,Z.,Ye,X.,Ma,Z.,Chen,J.,2014.Size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in urban aerosols in Shanghai.Atmos.Pollut.Res.5,639-647.
Tao,J.,Zhang,L.,Cao,J.,Zhang,R.,2017.A review of current knowledge concerning PM_(2.5)chemical composition,aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.17,9485-9518.
Wang,S.,Hao,J.,2012.Air quality management in China:issues,challenges,and options.J.Environ.Sci.24,2-13.
Wang,Y.Q.,Zhang,X.Y.,Arimoto,R.,2006.The contribution from distant dust sources to the atmospheric particulate matter loadings at Xi An,China during spring.Sci.Total Environ.368,875-883.
Wang,X.,Chen,J.,Cheng,T.,Zhang,R.,Wang,X.,2014.Particle number concentration,size distribution and chemical composition during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai.J.Environ.Sci.26,1894-1902.
Wang,H.,Qiao,L.,Lou,S.,Zhou,M.,Chen,J.,Wang,Q.,et al.,2015.PM_(2.5)pollution episode and its contributors from 2011 to 2013in urban Shanghai,China.Atmos.Environ.123,298-305.
Wang,G.,Zhang,R.,Gomez,M.E.,Yang,L.,Zamora,M.L.,Hu,M.,et al.,2016a.Persistent sulfate formation from London fog to Chinese haze.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.113,13630-13635.
Wang,H.,Qiao,L.,Lou,S.,Zhou,M.,Ding,A.,Huang,H.,et al.,2016b.Chemical composition of PM_(2.5)and meteorological impact among three years in urban Shanghai,China.J.Clean.Prod.112,1302-1311.
Yao,L.,Yang,L.,Yuan,Q.,Yan,C.,Dong,C.,Meng,C.,et al.,2016.Sources apportionment of PM_(2.5)in a background site in the North China Plain.Sci.Total Environ.541,590-598.
Zhang,Q.,Streets,D.G.,Carmichael,G.R.,He,K.B.,Huo,H.,Kannari,A.,et al.,2009.Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASAINTEX-B mission.Atmos.Chem.Phys.9,5131-5153.
Baoshan Statistical Yearbook,2016.Shanghai Baoshan Statistics Bureau.http://bstj.baoshan.sh.cn/sjfb/tjnj/201710/t20171027_232433.html,Accessed date:27 October 2017.
Cao,Y.,Zhang,W.,Wang,W.,2018.Spatial-temporal characteristics of haze and vertical distribution of aerosols over the Yangtze River Delta of China.J.Environ.Sci.66,12-19.
Chen,Y.,Wang,J.,Shi,G.,Sun,X.,Chen,Z.,Xu,S.,2011.Human health risk assessment of lead pollution in atmospheric deposition in Baoshan District,Shanghai.Environ.Geochem.Health 33,515-523.
Chen,J.,Li,C.,Ristovski,Z.,Milic,A.,Gu,Y.,Islam,M.,et al.,2017.A review of biomass burning:emissions and impacts on air quality,health and climate in China.Sci.Total Environ.579,1000-1034.
Cheng,M.-D.,Kabela,E.,2016.Effects of downscaled high-resolution meteorological data on the PSCF identification of emission sources.Atmos.Environ.137,146-154.
Cheng,Y.,Zheng,G.,Wei,C.,Mu,Q.,Zheng,B.,Wang,Z.,et al.,2016.Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China.Sci.Adv.2(12),e1601530.
Fu,H.,Chen,J.,2017.Formation,features and controlling strategies of severe haze-fog pollutions in China.Sci.Total Environ.578,121-138.
Fu,H.,Zhang,M.,Li,W.,Chen,J.,Wang,L.,Quan,X.,et al.,2012a.Morphology,composition and mixing state of individual carbonaceous aerosol in urban Shanghai.Atmos.Chem.Phys.12,693-707.
Fu,Q.,Shen,Y.,Zhang,J.,2012b.On the ship pollutant emission inventory in Shanghai port.J.Saf.Environ.12(5),57-64.
Fu,X.,Wang,S.,Zhao,B.,Xing,J.,Cheng,Z.,Liu,H.,et al.,2013.Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region,China.Atmos.Environ.70,39-50.
Fu,X.,Cheng,Z.,Wang,S.,Hua,Y.,Xing,J.,Hao,J.,2016.Local and regional contributions to fine particle pollution in winter of the Yangtze River Delta,China.Aerosol Air Qual.Res.16,1067-1080.
Hua,Y.,Wang,S.,Wang,J.,Jiang,J.,Zhang,T.,Song,Y.,et al.,2016.Investigating the impact of regional transport on PM_(2.5)formation using vertical observation during APEC 2014Summit in Beijing.Atmos.Chem.Phys.16,15451-15460.
Huang,X.F.,He,L.Y.,Xue,L.,Sun,T.L.,Zeng,L.W.,Gong,Z.H.,et al.,2012.Highly time-resolved chemical characterization of atmospheric fine particles during 2010 Shanghai World Expo.Atmos.Chem.Phys.12(11),4897-4907.
Huang,R.,Zhang,Y.,Bozzetti,C.,Ho,K.,Cao,J.,Han,Y.,et al.,2015.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China.Nature 514,218-222.
Jeong,U.,Lee,H.,Kim,J.,Kim,W.,Hong,H.,Song,C.,2013.Determination of the inter-annual and spatial characteristics of the contribution of long-range transport to SO2levels in Seoul between 2001 and 2010 based on conditional potential source contribution function(CPSCF).Atmos.Environ.70,307-317.
Kim,Y.,Worrell,E.,2002.International comparison of CO2emission trends in the iron and steel industry.Energy Policy 30,827-838.
Meyer,M.,Patashnick,H.,Ambs,J.,Rupprecht,E.,2000.Development of a sample equilibration system for the TEOM continuous PMmonitor.J.Air Waste Manage.Assoc.50,1345-1349.
NBSC(National Bureau of Statistics of China),2012-2016.China Statistical Yearbook(2012-2016).China Statistics Press,Beijing,China.
Shi,Y.,Chen,J.,Hu,D.,Wang,L.,Yang,X.,Wang,X.,2014.Airborne submicron particulate(PM1)pollution in Shanghai,China:chemical variability,formation/dissociation of associated semi-volatile components and the impacts on visibility.Sci.Total Environ.473,199-206.
SMSB(Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau),2016.Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2016.China Statistics Press,Beijing,China.
Stirnweis,L.,Marcolli,C.,Dommen,J.,Barmet,P.,Frege,C.,Platt,S.M.,et al.,2017.Assessing the influence of NOx concentrations and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol yields fromα-pinene photo-oxidation through smog chamber experiments and modelling calculations.Atmos.Chem.Phys.17(8),5035-5061.
Tan,J.,Yu,Q.,Ma,W.,Ma,J.,Cheng,J.,Zhang,Y.,2014.Development of refined emission inventory of air pollutants:a case study of Shanghai Baoshan District.Acta Sci.Circ.34(5),1099-1108.
Tao,Y.,Yin,Z.,Ye,X.,Ma,Z.,Chen,J.,2014.Size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in urban aerosols in Shanghai.Atmos.Pollut.Res.5,639-647.
Tao,J.,Zhang,L.,Cao,J.,Zhang,R.,2017.A review of current knowledge concerning PM_(2.5)chemical composition,aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.17,9485-9518.
Wang,S.,Hao,J.,2012.Air quality management in China:issues,challenges,and options.J.Environ.Sci.24,2-13.
Wang,Y.Q.,Zhang,X.Y.,Arimoto,R.,2006.The contribution from distant dust sources to the atmospheric particulate matter loadings at Xi An,China during spring.Sci.Total Environ.368,875-883.
Wang,X.,Chen,J.,Cheng,T.,Zhang,R.,Wang,X.,2014.Particle number concentration,size distribution and chemical composition during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai.J.Environ.Sci.26,1894-1902.
Wang,H.,Qiao,L.,Lou,S.,Zhou,M.,Chen,J.,Wang,Q.,et al.,2015.PM_(2.5)pollution episode and its contributors from 2011 to 2013in urban Shanghai,China.Atmos.Environ.123,298-305.
Wang,G.,Zhang,R.,Gomez,M.E.,Yang,L.,Zamora,M.L.,Hu,M.,et al.,2016a.Persistent sulfate formation from London fog to Chinese haze.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.113,13630-13635.
Wang,H.,Qiao,L.,Lou,S.,Zhou,M.,Ding,A.,Huang,H.,et al.,2016b.Chemical composition of PM_(2.5)and meteorological impact among three years in urban Shanghai,China.J.Clean.Prod.112,1302-1311.
Yao,L.,Yang,L.,Yuan,Q.,Yan,C.,Dong,C.,Meng,C.,et al.,2016.Sources apportionment of PM_(2.5)in a background site in the North China Plain.Sci.Total Environ.541,590-598.
Zhang,Q.,Streets,D.G.,Carmichael,G.R.,He,K.B.,Huo,H.,Kannari,A.,et al.,2009.Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASAINTEX-B mission.Atmos.Chem.Phys.9,5131-5153.