交通荷载引起的静偏应力对压实黄土动力特性的影响
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摘要
区别于地震荷载,交通荷载作用下的静偏应力对土体动力特性的影响显著。通过室内动三轴试验研究静偏应力对压实黄土动应力-应变关系的影响规律,分析动模量随加载振次的变化规律。结果表明:静偏应力可以显著提高同等动应变幅值下土体的动模量;随着静偏应力的增加,土体的动应力-应变关系在一定的起始动应变幅值范围内呈线性关系。当不考虑静偏应力时,土体的动模量随着振次的增加逐渐衰减;当考虑静偏应力时,土体的动模量随着振次的增加逐渐增大。此外,通过将动力荷载作用下土体的循环累积应变分解为动力蠕变和弹性应变,对土体的滞回特性进行了修正,修正之后静偏应力对土体动模量的强化作用更加明显。修正方法可为交通荷载作用下路基的动力响应和长期变形分析提供更为清晰的研究思路和意义明确的力学参数。
Different from the seismic load, the static deviatoric stress induced by traffic loading has remarkable effects on the dynamic properties of foundation soil. The influence of static deviatoric stress on dynamic stress-strain relationship of compacted loess was investigated through indoor dynamic triaxial test to study the variation of dynamic modulus versus cyclic vibration number. The results indicate that the static deviatoric stress could increase the dynamic modulus of the soil at the same dynamic strain level. With the increase of the static deviatoric stress, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of soil shows linear relationship within a certain range of initial dynamic strain. The dynamic modulus of soil would be reduced with the increase of cyclic vibration number when the static deviatoric stress is not taken into account. On the contrary, the dynamic modulus of soil would be increased when the static deviatoric stress is considered. In addition, the hysteretic characteristics of soil were corrected by dividing the soil cyclic accumulative strain into dynamic creep strain and visco-elastic strain. The enhancing effect of static deviatoric stress on the dynamic modulus of soil is more obvious after correction. The correction method in this paper can provide more distinct research approach and well-defined mechanics parameters for dynamic response and long-term deformation of soil foundation subjected to traffic loading.
Different from the seismic load, the static deviatoric stress induced by traffic loading has remarkable effects on the dynamic properties of foundation soil. The influence of static deviatoric stress on dynamic stress-strain relationship of compacted loess was investigated through indoor dynamic triaxial test to study the variation of dynamic modulus versus cyclic vibration number. The results indicate that the static deviatoric stress could increase the dynamic modulus of the soil at the same dynamic strain level. With the increase of the static deviatoric stress, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of soil shows linear relationship within a certain range of initial dynamic strain. The dynamic modulus of soil would be reduced with the increase of cyclic vibration number when the static deviatoric stress is not taken into account. On the contrary, the dynamic modulus of soil would be increased when the static deviatoric stress is considered. In addition, the hysteretic characteristics of soil were corrected by dividing the soil cyclic accumulative strain into dynamic creep strain and visco-elastic strain. The enhancing effect of static deviatoric stress on the dynamic modulus of soil is more obvious after correction. The correction method in this paper can provide more distinct research approach and well-defined mechanics parameters for dynamic response and long-term deformation of soil foundation subjected to traffic loading.
引文
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[13] 周文权,冷伍明,蔡德钩,等.循环荷载作用下路基粗粒土填料临界动应力和累积变形特性分析[J].铁道学报,2014,36(12):84-89.ZHOU Wenquan,LENG Wuming,CAI Degou,et al.Analysis on Characteristics of Critical Dynamic Stress and Accumulative Deformation of Coarse-grained Soil Subgrade Filling under Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(12):84-89.
[14] LI Q,LING X,SHENG D.Elasto-plastic Behaviour of Frozen Soil Subjected to Long-term Low-level Repeated Loading,Part II:Constitutive Modelling[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,122:58-70.
[15] 臧濛,孔令伟,郭爱国.静偏应力下湛江结构性黏土的动力特性[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):33-40.ZANG Meng,KONG Lingwei,GUO Aiguo.Effects of Static Deviatoric Stress on Dynamic Characteristics of Zhanjiang Structured Clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):33-40.
[16] 臧濛,孔令伟,曹勇.描述循环荷载作用下黏土累积变形的改进模型[J].岩土力学,2017,38(2):435-442.ZANG Meng,KONG Lingwei,CAO Yong.An Improved Model for Cumulative Deformations of Clay Subjected to Cyclic Loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(2):435-442.
[17] 唐益群,刘莎,杨坪,王建秀.分级加载条件下上海淤泥质黏土的循环蠕变效应[C]//第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2009:3-8.
[18] 朱登峰,黄宏伟,殷建华.饱和软粘土的循环蠕变特性[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):1060-1064.ZHU Dengfeng,HUANG Hongwei,YIN Jianhua.Cyclic Creep Behavior of Saturated Soft Clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(9):1060-1064.
[19] 张秋瑾,姚兆明,姜自华,等.循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积变形遗传分数阶导数开尔文模型[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(4):52-59.ZHANG Qiujin,YAO Zhaoming,JIANG Zihua,et al.Genetic Algorithm Fractional Order Derivative Kelvin Model for Cumulative Strain of Saturated Soft Clay under Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,36(4):52-59.
[20] 浦少云,饶军应,杨凯强,等.循环荷载下土体变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3261-3270.PU Shaoyun,RAO Junying,YANG Kaiqiang,et al.Study on Deformation Characteristics of Soil under Cyclic Loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3261-3270.
[21] 高广运,聂春晓,曾龙,等.基于蠕变本构的列车荷载下地基长期沉降计算[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(S2):1-5.GAO Guangyun,NIE Chunxiao,ZENG Long,et al.Long-term Settlement of Foundation Subjected to Moving Train Loads Based on Creep Constitutive Model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(S2):1-5.
[22] 吴志坚,陈拓,马巍.重复列车荷载作用下多年冻土路基长期变形分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2015,49(7):929-934.WU Zhijian,CHEN Tuo,MA Wei.Analysis of Long-term Deformation of Railway Embankment at Repeated Train Load in Permafrost Regions[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,49(7):929-934.
[23] 胡志平,王强,张雨禾,等.应力、应变控制下压实黄土动力特性研究[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(6):1161-1167.HU Zhiping,WANG Qiang,ZHANG Yuhe,et al.Dynamic Characteristics of Compacted Loess under Controlled-stress and Controlled-strain Modes[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(6):1164-1167.
[24] 中华人民共和国水利部.SL 237—1999 土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[25] 谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988.
[26] 尚守平,刘方成,杜运兴,等.应变累积对黏土动剪模量和阻尼比影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):683-688.SHANG Shouping,LIU Fangcheng,DU Yunxing,et al.Experimental Study on Effect of Shear Strain Accumulation on Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Clay Soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):683-688.
[27] COSTA P A,CALCADA R,CARDOSO A S,et al.Influence of Soil Non-linearity on the Dynamic Response of High-speed Railway Tracks[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(4):221-235.
[28] ASTM D3999 Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus[S].West Conshohocken,2013.
[29] 肖建清,冯夏庭,丁德馨,等.常幅循环荷载作用下岩石的滞后及阻尼效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1677-1683.XIAO Jianqing,FENG Xiating,DING Dexin,et al.Study of Hysteresis and Damping Effects of Rock Subjected to Constant Amplitude Cyclic Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(8):1677-1683.
[2] 李又云,谢永利,刘保健.路基压实黄土动力特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):1037-1046.LI Youyun,XIE Yongli,LIU Baojian.Experimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Roadbed Compaction Loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):1037-1046.
[3] 胡志平,刘卓华,张志权,等.橡胶粉对重塑黄土动力特性影响的试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(4):62-67.HU Zhiping,LIU Zhuohua,ZHANG Zhiquan,et al.Test on Influence of Rubber Powder on Dynamic Mechanic Properties of Manipulated Loess[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2013,33(4):62-67.
[4] 王常晶,陈云敏.交通荷载引起的静偏应力对饱和软黏土不排水循环性状影响的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007(11):1742-1747.WANG Changjing,CHEN Yunmin.Study on Effect of Traffic Loading Induced Static Deviator Stress on Undrained Cyclic Properties of Saturated Soft Clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007(11):1742-1747.
[5] 蔡袁强,王军,徐长节.初始偏应力作用对萧山软黏土动弹模量与阻尼影响试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(11):2291-2296,2302.CAI Yuanqiang,WANG Jun,XU Changjie.Experimental Study on Dynamic Elastic Modulus and Damping Ratio of Xiaoshan Saturated Soft Clay Considering Initial Deviator Stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(11):2291-2296,2302.
[6] ZHU Z,LING X,WANG Z,et al.Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Behavior of Frozen Clay From the Beiluhe Subgrade Along the QTR[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2011,69(1):91-97.
[7] WANG Z,LUO Y,GUO H,et al.Effects of Initialdeviatoric Stress Ratios on Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Undisturbed Loess in China[J].Engineering Geology,2012,143:43-50.
[8] 罗飞,赵淑萍,马巍,等.分级加载下冻土动弹性模量的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(5):849-855.LUO Fei,ZHAO Shuping,MA Wei,et al.Experimental Study on Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Frozen Soils under Stepped Axial Cyclic Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):849-855.
[9] 周文权,冷伍明,刘文劼,等.低围压循环荷载作用下饱和粗粒土的动力特性与骨干曲线模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):415-423.ZHOU Wenquan,LENG Wuming,LIU Wenjie,et al.Dynamic Behavior and Backbone Curve Model of Saturated Coarse-grained Soil under Cyclic Loading and Low Confining Pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):415-423.
[10] DOBRY R,VUCETIC M.Dynamic Properties and Seismic Response of Soft Clay Deposits[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering of Soft Soils.Mexico:Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica de Suelos,1987:51-87.
[11] 张勇,孔令伟,李雄威.循环荷载下饱和软黏土的动骨干曲线模型研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1699-1704,1708.ZHANG Yong,KONG Lingwei,LI Xiongwei.Dynamic Backbone Curve Model of Saturated Soft Clay under Cyclic Loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1699-1704,1708.
[12] WICHTMANN T,KIMMIG I,TRIANTAFYLLIDIS T.On Correlations between “Dynamic”(Small-strain) and “Static” (Large-strain) Stiffness Moduli-an Experimental Investigation on 19 Sands and Gravels[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2017,98:72-83.
[13] 周文权,冷伍明,蔡德钩,等.循环荷载作用下路基粗粒土填料临界动应力和累积变形特性分析[J].铁道学报,2014,36(12):84-89.ZHOU Wenquan,LENG Wuming,CAI Degou,et al.Analysis on Characteristics of Critical Dynamic Stress and Accumulative Deformation of Coarse-grained Soil Subgrade Filling under Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(12):84-89.
[14] LI Q,LING X,SHENG D.Elasto-plastic Behaviour of Frozen Soil Subjected to Long-term Low-level Repeated Loading,Part II:Constitutive Modelling[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,122:58-70.
[15] 臧濛,孔令伟,郭爱国.静偏应力下湛江结构性黏土的动力特性[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):33-40.ZANG Meng,KONG Lingwei,GUO Aiguo.Effects of Static Deviatoric Stress on Dynamic Characteristics of Zhanjiang Structured Clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):33-40.
[16] 臧濛,孔令伟,曹勇.描述循环荷载作用下黏土累积变形的改进模型[J].岩土力学,2017,38(2):435-442.ZANG Meng,KONG Lingwei,CAO Yong.An Improved Model for Cumulative Deformations of Clay Subjected to Cyclic Loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(2):435-442.
[17] 唐益群,刘莎,杨坪,王建秀.分级加载条件下上海淤泥质黏土的循环蠕变效应[C]//第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2009:3-8.
[18] 朱登峰,黄宏伟,殷建华.饱和软粘土的循环蠕变特性[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):1060-1064.ZHU Dengfeng,HUANG Hongwei,YIN Jianhua.Cyclic Creep Behavior of Saturated Soft Clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(9):1060-1064.
[19] 张秋瑾,姚兆明,姜自华,等.循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积变形遗传分数阶导数开尔文模型[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(4):52-59.ZHANG Qiujin,YAO Zhaoming,JIANG Zihua,et al.Genetic Algorithm Fractional Order Derivative Kelvin Model for Cumulative Strain of Saturated Soft Clay under Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,36(4):52-59.
[20] 浦少云,饶军应,杨凯强,等.循环荷载下土体变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3261-3270.PU Shaoyun,RAO Junying,YANG Kaiqiang,et al.Study on Deformation Characteristics of Soil under Cyclic Loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3261-3270.
[21] 高广运,聂春晓,曾龙,等.基于蠕变本构的列车荷载下地基长期沉降计算[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(S2):1-5.GAO Guangyun,NIE Chunxiao,ZENG Long,et al.Long-term Settlement of Foundation Subjected to Moving Train Loads Based on Creep Constitutive Model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(S2):1-5.
[22] 吴志坚,陈拓,马巍.重复列车荷载作用下多年冻土路基长期变形分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2015,49(7):929-934.WU Zhijian,CHEN Tuo,MA Wei.Analysis of Long-term Deformation of Railway Embankment at Repeated Train Load in Permafrost Regions[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,49(7):929-934.
[23] 胡志平,王强,张雨禾,等.应力、应变控制下压实黄土动力特性研究[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(6):1161-1167.HU Zhiping,WANG Qiang,ZHANG Yuhe,et al.Dynamic Characteristics of Compacted Loess under Controlled-stress and Controlled-strain Modes[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(6):1164-1167.
[24] 中华人民共和国水利部.SL 237—1999 土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[25] 谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988.
[26] 尚守平,刘方成,杜运兴,等.应变累积对黏土动剪模量和阻尼比影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):683-688.SHANG Shouping,LIU Fangcheng,DU Yunxing,et al.Experimental Study on Effect of Shear Strain Accumulation on Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Clay Soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):683-688.
[27] COSTA P A,CALCADA R,CARDOSO A S,et al.Influence of Soil Non-linearity on the Dynamic Response of High-speed Railway Tracks[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(4):221-235.
[28] ASTM D3999 Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus[S].West Conshohocken,2013.
[29] 肖建清,冯夏庭,丁德馨,等.常幅循环荷载作用下岩石的滞后及阻尼效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1677-1683.XIAO Jianqing,FENG Xiating,DING Dexin,et al.Study of Hysteresis and Damping Effects of Rock Subjected to Constant Amplitude Cyclic Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(8):1677-1683.