高附加值萘二酚类中间体的合成与应用进展
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摘要
萘二酚类中间体的传统合成工艺具有操作简单和工业化程度高等优点,但存在废酸排放量大、后处理工艺复杂、成本高和环境污染严重等问题,近年来有被绿色合成工艺逐步替代的趋势。本文回顾了以磺化碱熔法和硝化还原法为主的传统合成方法;简述了用微藻类微生物、重组酵母以及多种结构的加氧酶代谢转化的生物转化法和以强酸、生物酶以及有机金属络合物作为催化剂的直接催化羟基化法等新兴绿色合成工艺。着重介绍了1,6-二羟基萘(又称为1,6-萘二酚)的合成工艺进展,特别是在过氧化氢存在下,采用酸催化剂,如用强酸氢氟酸和五氟化锑催化以及用氟锑磺酸、三氟化硼和氢氟酸等直接进行的催化羟基化反应。同时还综述了萘二酚化合物在染料、医药、催化及电池等领域的典型应用情况。最后指出了生物转化法及催化羟基化法制备萘二酚的改进方向是提高反应的收率及萘的转化率,以达到大规模工业化生产的水平;并对萘二酚类中间体应用领域的拓展进行了展望,指出其向精细化、高附加值的医药及材料方向发展的趋势。
The traditional synthetic process of naphthalenediol intermediates has the advantages of simple operation and high degree of industrialization, but there are problems such as large amount of waste acid emission, complicated post-treatment process, high cost, and serious environmental pollution.In recent years, it has been gradually replaced by green synthetic technology. In this paper, the traditional synthetic methods based on sulfonation alkali fusion and nitration reduction methods was reviewed. The biotransformation method that employs microalgae microorganisms, recombinant yeast and various structures of oxygenase metabolism, and the emerging green synthesis process that uses direct acid catalyzed hydroxylation with strong acids, biological enzymes and organometallic complexes as catalysts were briefly described. The synthesis progress of 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene was highlighted. In particular,in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic hydroxylation reaction was carried out directly with an acid catalyst like the use of strong acid hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride and the use of fluoroanthracenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride and hydrofluoric acid. At the same time, the typical applications of naphthalenediols in dyes, medicines, catalysis and batteries were also reviewed. Finally,the improvement direction of the biotransformation method and the catalytic hydroxylation method for the preparation of naphthalenediol is to improve the yield of the reaction and the conversion rate of naphthalene to satisfy the demand of large-scale industrial production. In addition, the development of the application field of naphthalene diphenol intermediates is towards the development of refined, high value-added medicines and materials.
The traditional synthetic process of naphthalenediol intermediates has the advantages of simple operation and high degree of industrialization, but there are problems such as large amount of waste acid emission, complicated post-treatment process, high cost, and serious environmental pollution.In recent years, it has been gradually replaced by green synthetic technology. In this paper, the traditional synthetic methods based on sulfonation alkali fusion and nitration reduction methods was reviewed. The biotransformation method that employs microalgae microorganisms, recombinant yeast and various structures of oxygenase metabolism, and the emerging green synthesis process that uses direct acid catalyzed hydroxylation with strong acids, biological enzymes and organometallic complexes as catalysts were briefly described. The synthesis progress of 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene was highlighted. In particular,in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic hydroxylation reaction was carried out directly with an acid catalyst like the use of strong acid hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride and the use of fluoroanthracenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride and hydrofluoric acid. At the same time, the typical applications of naphthalenediols in dyes, medicines, catalysis and batteries were also reviewed. Finally,the improvement direction of the biotransformation method and the catalytic hydroxylation method for the preparation of naphthalenediol is to improve the yield of the reaction and the conversion rate of naphthalene to satisfy the demand of large-scale industrial production. In addition, the development of the application field of naphthalene diphenol intermediates is towards the development of refined, high value-added medicines and materials.
引文
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