Response of the sediment geochemistry of the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) to the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam
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摘要
Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.
Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.
Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.
引文
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Guo,Y.,Yang,S.,2016.Heavy metal enrichments in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)catchment and on the inner shelf of the East China Sea over the last 150 years.Sci.Total Environ.543,105-115.
He,B.,Liang,L.,Jiang,G.,2002.Distributions of arsenic and selenium in selected Chinese coal mines.Sci.Total Environ.296(1-3),19-26.
Hernandez,L.,Probst,J.L.,Ulrich,E.,2003.Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils:evidence for atmospheric contamination.Sci.Total Environ.312,195-219.
Hillier,S.,2001.Particulate composition and origin of suspended sediment in the R.Don,Aberdeenshire,UK.Sci.Total Environ.265(1-3),281-293.
Hou,Q.,Yang,Z.,Ji,J.,Yu,T.,Chen,G.G.,Li,J.,et al.,2014.Annual net input fluxes of heavy metals of the agro-ecosystem in the Yangtze River Delta,China.J.Geochem.Explor.139,68-84.
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Jan,H.M.,Yao,Q.Z.,Zhang,J.,Wu,Y.,2010.Distribution characteristics of major element in the Changjiang River.Resour.Environ.Yangtze Basin 21(1),93-97.
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Lee,S.,Moon,J.W.,Moon,H.S.,2003.Heavy metals in the bed and suspended sediments of Anyang River,Korea:implications for water quality.Environ.Geochem.Health 25(4),433-452.
Li,J.Y.,Zhang,J.,2003.Natural controls of fluvial denudation rates in major drainage basins of China.Sci.Geogr.Sin.23(4),434-440.
Li,Y.H.,Teraoka,H.,Yang,T.S.,Chen,J.S.,1984.The elemental composition of suspended particles from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta 48(7),1561-1564.
Liaghati,T.,Preda,M.,Cox,M.,2004.Heavy metal distribution and controlling factors within coastal plain sediments,Bells Creek catchment,Southeast Queensland,Australia.Environ.Int.29(7),935-948.
Liu,M.,Fan,D.J.,2011.Geochemical records in the subaqueous Yangtze River delta and their responses to human activities in the past 60 years.Chin.Sci.Bull 56(6),552-561.
Liu,Z.H.,Liu,L.,Li,Y.,2007.Investigation on the toxic element As,Cd,Pb,and Cr in imported fertilizers.Phosphate Compd.Fertilizer 22(2),77-78.
Liu,J.,Yu,Z.G.,Zang,J.Y.,Sun,T.,Zhao,C.Y.,Ran,X.B.,2015.Distribution and budget of organic carbon in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.Adv.Earth Sci 30(5),564-578.
Liu,J.,Zang,J.Y.,Zhao,C.Y.,Yu,Z.G.,Xu,B.C.,Li,J.X.,et al.,2016.Phosphorus speciation transformation and preservation in the coastal area of Rushan Bay.Sci.Total Environ.565,258-270.
Liu,X.C.,Beusen,A.H.W.,Van Beek,L.P.H.,Mogollón,J.M.,Ran,X.B.,Bouwman,A.F.,2018.Exploring spatiotemporal changes of the Yangtze River(Changjiang)nitrogen and phosphorus sources,retention and export to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.Water Res.142,246-255.
Luo,X.S.,Xue,Y.,Wang,Y.L.,Cang,L.,Xu,B.,Ding,J.,2015.Source identification and apportionment of heavy metals in urban soil profiles.Chemosphere 127,152-157.
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