批评性话语分析的诠释学矛盾
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摘要
批评性话语分析在诞生及发展过程中广受关注的一个问题是其分析/阐释结果的客观有效性,语言学家威多森、斯塔布和批评性话语分析的主要代表费尔克劳夫等人曾围绕这一问题进行了系列辩论。从西方诠释学的视角出发,可以发现费尔克劳夫与威多森等人的争论是诠释学内部的分歧在批评性话语分析理论的投影,对应着三重矛盾:科学实证方法与人文阐释方法的矛盾、客观诠释学与哲学诠释学的矛盾、"批评性"阐释与过度阐释的矛盾。根据黑格尔的辩证思想,这些矛盾之间存在着对立统一的关系,在互补性和张力的共同作用下,批评性话语分析理论得以持续发展。
引文
[1] N.Fairclough.A Reply to Henry Widdowson’s Discourse Analysis:A Critical View[J].Language and Literature,1996,(1).
[2] H.G.Widdowson.Discourse Analysis:A Critical View[J].Language and Literature,1995,(3).
[3] H.G.Widdowson.Reply to Fairclough:Discourse and Interpretation:Conjectures and Refutations[J].Language and Literature,1996,(1).
[4] H.G.Widdowson.Review:Norman Fairclough:Discourse and Social Change,1992[J].Applied Linguistics,1995,(4).
[5] H.G.Widdowson.The Use of Grammar,the Grammar of Use[J].Functions of Language,1997,(2).
[6] H.G.Widdowson.Review Article:the Theory and Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis[J].Applied Linguistics,1998,(1).
[7] H.G.Widdowson.Critical practices:on representation and the interpretation of text[C]//Srikant Sarangi,Malcolm Coulthard.Discourse and social life.London:Routledge,2014.
[8] H.G.Widdowson.On the Limitations of Linguistics Applied[J].Applied Linguistics,2000,(1).
[9] H.G.Widdowson.Interpretations and Correlations:A Reply to Stubbs[J].Applied Linguistics,2001,(4).
[10] H.G.Widdowson.Scoring Points by Critical Analysis:A Reaction to Beaugrande[J].Applied Linguistics,2001,(2).
[11] M.Stubbs.Whorf’s Children:Critical Comments on Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)[J].British Studies in Applied Linguistics,1997,(12).
[12]卢梭.论科学和艺术[M].何兆武,译.北京:商务印书馆,1963.
[13]董立河.论尼采的反科学主义思想资源[J].天津社会科学,2002,(3).
[14] C.P.斯诺.两种文化[M].纪树立,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2002.
[15] N.Fairclough.Language and Power[M].London:Longman,1989.
[16] N.Fairclough.Discourse and Social Change[M].Cambridge:Polity Press,1992.
[17] N.Fairclough.Critical Discourse Analysis:the Critical Study of Language[M].New York:Harlow Longman,1995.
[18] R.E.Palmer.Hermeneutics[M].Evanston:Northwestern University Press,1969.
[19] E.D.Hirsch.Validity in Interpretation[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1967.
[20] Eco Umberto.Interpretation and Overinterpretation[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[21]孙正聿.人类思想运动的逻辑——黑格尔概念辩证法的真实意义[J].社会科学战线,2003,(6).
[22]施旭.当代中国话语的中国理论[J].福建师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2013,(5).
[23]施旭.话语研究方法须中国化[N].中国社会科学报,2011-11-08(15).
(1)对于“诠释学”这一概念,也有学者称作“阐释学”或“解释学”,但学界普遍采用“诠释学”指代这一学科,而“阐释”则指代具体的解释行为,参见赵一凡等主编的《西方文论关键词》(第一卷)(外语教学与研究出版社2017年版)第1页对“阐释”和“诠释”的辨析说明,本文亦采纳这一观点。
[2] H.G.Widdowson.Discourse Analysis:A Critical View[J].Language and Literature,1995,(3).
[3] H.G.Widdowson.Reply to Fairclough:Discourse and Interpretation:Conjectures and Refutations[J].Language and Literature,1996,(1).
[4] H.G.Widdowson.Review:Norman Fairclough:Discourse and Social Change,1992[J].Applied Linguistics,1995,(4).
[5] H.G.Widdowson.The Use of Grammar,the Grammar of Use[J].Functions of Language,1997,(2).
[6] H.G.Widdowson.Review Article:the Theory and Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis[J].Applied Linguistics,1998,(1).
[7] H.G.Widdowson.Critical practices:on representation and the interpretation of text[C]//Srikant Sarangi,Malcolm Coulthard.Discourse and social life.London:Routledge,2014.
[8] H.G.Widdowson.On the Limitations of Linguistics Applied[J].Applied Linguistics,2000,(1).
[9] H.G.Widdowson.Interpretations and Correlations:A Reply to Stubbs[J].Applied Linguistics,2001,(4).
[10] H.G.Widdowson.Scoring Points by Critical Analysis:A Reaction to Beaugrande[J].Applied Linguistics,2001,(2).
[11] M.Stubbs.Whorf’s Children:Critical Comments on Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)[J].British Studies in Applied Linguistics,1997,(12).
[12]卢梭.论科学和艺术[M].何兆武,译.北京:商务印书馆,1963.
[13]董立河.论尼采的反科学主义思想资源[J].天津社会科学,2002,(3).
[14] C.P.斯诺.两种文化[M].纪树立,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2002.
[15] N.Fairclough.Language and Power[M].London:Longman,1989.
[16] N.Fairclough.Discourse and Social Change[M].Cambridge:Polity Press,1992.
[17] N.Fairclough.Critical Discourse Analysis:the Critical Study of Language[M].New York:Harlow Longman,1995.
[18] R.E.Palmer.Hermeneutics[M].Evanston:Northwestern University Press,1969.
[19] E.D.Hirsch.Validity in Interpretation[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1967.
[20] Eco Umberto.Interpretation and Overinterpretation[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[21]孙正聿.人类思想运动的逻辑——黑格尔概念辩证法的真实意义[J].社会科学战线,2003,(6).
[22]施旭.当代中国话语的中国理论[J].福建师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2013,(5).
[23]施旭.话语研究方法须中国化[N].中国社会科学报,2011-11-08(15).
(1)对于“诠释学”这一概念,也有学者称作“阐释学”或“解释学”,但学界普遍采用“诠释学”指代这一学科,而“阐释”则指代具体的解释行为,参见赵一凡等主编的《西方文论关键词》(第一卷)(外语教学与研究出版社2017年版)第1页对“阐释”和“诠释”的辨析说明,本文亦采纳这一观点。