基于EOF和M-K的晋祠泉域岩溶地下水水化学时空变化特征分析
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摘要
为研究晋祠泉域岩溶地下水水化学的时空变化规律,以2001-2014年该泉域内具代表性的岩溶水监测点水质资料为基础,以pH值、7大主要离子及TDS作为因子,运用经验正交函数(EOF)分析与Mann-Kendall(M-K)突变分析相结合的方法,对晋祠泉域14年的水化学场进行时空结构分离。结果表明:在空间分布特征上,pH值由北向南逐渐减小,汾河中段以南出现低值区;Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4和TDS的空间变化趋势相似,整体上均是由北向南逐渐增加,等值线在古交一带较周围地区升高;K~++Na~+和Cl~-含量在整个泉域普遍较低,但K~++Na~+在泉域边界处的王封和西寨一带含量升高,Cl~-在古交以及西华苑处增高。在时间演化特征上,从2001-2014年pH值、Mg~(2+)、K~++Na~+、HCO~-_3和Cl~-含量基本在平均值上下波动;Ca~(2+)和SO~(2-)_4含量逐年降低,且分别在2008年和2009年之后呈明显的下降趋势;TDS在2005-2007年呈明显的下降趋势,在其它时段下降趋势不显著。
In order to study the temporal and spatial variation of karst groundwater hydrochemistry in Jinci spring area,based on the water quality data of representative monitoring points of karst groundwater in the study area from 2001 to 2014,pH,the seven major ions(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4、Cl~-)and TDS were selected as the factors for the water quality assessment.The methods combing Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)decomposition with Mann-Kendall(M-K)mutation analysis were used to separate the temporal and spatial structure of 14years' hydrochemistry fields in Jinci spring area.The results show that,(1)In terms of spatial distribution,pH decrease from north to south in Jinci spring area,the low value region appears in the south of middle reaches of Fenhe River.The spatial variation trends of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO~(-3),SO~(2-)_4and TDS are similar to that of the pH values,which gradually increase from north to south,and the contour line of high value appears in Gujiao region.Although the contents of K~++Na~+and Cl~-are generally low in the whole spring area,the contents of K~++Na~+are relative high in Wangfeng and Xizhai areas at the boundary of the spring area,and the content of Cl~-increase in Gujiao and Xihuayuan area.(2)In terms of temporal evolution,from 2001 to 2014,the contents of pH,Mg~(2+),K~++Na~+,HCO~-_3and Cl~-fluctuated in the mean value.The contents of Ca~(2+)and SO~(2-)_4decreased yearly,and showed a obviously downward trend after 2008 and 2009.TDS showed a significant downtrend from 2005 to 2007,while the downward trend was not remarkable at other periods.
In order to study the temporal and spatial variation of karst groundwater hydrochemistry in Jinci spring area,based on the water quality data of representative monitoring points of karst groundwater in the study area from 2001 to 2014,pH,the seven major ions(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4、Cl~-)and TDS were selected as the factors for the water quality assessment.The methods combing Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)decomposition with Mann-Kendall(M-K)mutation analysis were used to separate the temporal and spatial structure of 14years' hydrochemistry fields in Jinci spring area.The results show that,(1)In terms of spatial distribution,pH decrease from north to south in Jinci spring area,the low value region appears in the south of middle reaches of Fenhe River.The spatial variation trends of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO~(-3),SO~(2-)_4and TDS are similar to that of the pH values,which gradually increase from north to south,and the contour line of high value appears in Gujiao region.Although the contents of K~++Na~+and Cl~-are generally low in the whole spring area,the contents of K~++Na~+are relative high in Wangfeng and Xizhai areas at the boundary of the spring area,and the content of Cl~-increase in Gujiao and Xihuayuan area.(2)In terms of temporal evolution,from 2001 to 2014,the contents of pH,Mg~(2+),K~++Na~+,HCO~-_3and Cl~-fluctuated in the mean value.The contents of Ca~(2+)and SO~(2-)_4decreased yearly,and showed a obviously downward trend after 2008 and 2009.TDS showed a significant downtrend from 2005 to 2007,while the downward trend was not remarkable at other periods.
引文
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[14]张永勇,张士锋,翟晓燕,等.三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):71-82.
[15]年雁云,王晓利,蔡迪花.黑河流域下游额济纳三角洲气候及生态环境变化分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(1):28-37.
[16]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.
[2]章光新,邓伟,何岩,等.中国东北松嫩平原地下水水化学特征与演变规律[J].水科学进展,2006,17(1):20-28.
[3]蒲俊兵,沈立成,王翱宇,等.重庆丰都雪玉洞水文地球化学指标的时空变化研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):49-54.
[4]李霄,林学钰,都基众,等.齐齐哈尔市潜水水化学演化规律分析[J].水利学报,2014,45(7):815-827.
[5]徐桂玉,杨修群.中国南方冰雹气候特征的三维EOF分析[J].热带气象学报,2002,18(4):383-392.
[6]Limsakul A,Paengkaew W,Kummueang A,et al.PDSI-Based Variations of Droughts and Wet Spells in Thailand:1951-2005[J].EnvironmentAsia,2011,4(1):12-20.
[7]Yu H L,Lin Y C.Analysis of space-time non-stationary patterns of rainfall-groundwater interactions by integrating empirical orthogonal function and cross wavelet transform methods[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:585-597.
[8]王新龙,钟平安,万新宇,等.淮河流域洪涝时空分布规律[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(3):45-49.
[9]夏非,张永战,吴蔚.EOF分析在海岸地貌与沉积学研究中的应用进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(2):174-186.
[10]崔笃信,刘文义.经验正交函数分解在地壳垂直形变场分析中的应用[J].地震,2000,20(3):82-86.
[11]Singh C V.Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)analysis of monsoon rainfall and satellite-observed outgoing long-wave radiation for Indian monsoon:a comparative study[J].Meteorology and atmospheric physics,2004,85(3):227-234.
[12]Hisdal H,Tallaksen L M.Estimation of regional meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics:a case study for Denmark[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,281(3):230-247.
[13]孙崇智,梁骏,王超球,等.基于EOF分析的广西酸雨时空分布特征研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4306-4308.
[14]张永勇,张士锋,翟晓燕,等.三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):71-82.
[15]年雁云,王晓利,蔡迪花.黑河流域下游额济纳三角洲气候及生态环境变化分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(1):28-37.
[16]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.