Microstructure, mechanical and biodegradable properties of a Mg–2Zn–1Gd–0.5Zr alloy with different solution treatments
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摘要
Solution treatment is a useful way to improve the degradation resistance of Mg alloys.In this work,effects of solution treatment temperature on mechanical and biodegradable properties of an extruded Mg–2Zn–1Gd–0.5Zr alloy were studied.Microstructure analysis,tensile test, three-point bending test, immersion test and electrochemical test were performed.The results showed that increasing solution temperature decreases the mechanical properties of the alloy.However, three-point bending test revealed that the solution-treated alloy at 510 ℃ could maintain 95% of its maximum bending force(F_(max)) during the 28-day immersion period.After treatment at 510 ℃ for 5 h, all the second phases were dissolved into the alloy, the galvanic corrosion was inhibited, and the alloy exhibited good corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.35 mm·year~(-1) in Hank's solution.
Solution treatment is a useful way to improve the degradation resistance of Mg alloys.In this work,effects of solution treatment temperature on mechanical and biodegradable properties of an extruded Mg–2Zn–1Gd–0.5Zr alloy were studied.Microstructure analysis,tensile test, three-point bending test, immersion test and electrochemical test were performed.The results showed that increasing solution temperature decreases the mechanical properties of the alloy.However, three-point bending test revealed that the solution-treated alloy at 510 ℃ could maintain 95% of its maximum bending force(F_(max)) during the 28-day immersion period.After treatment at 510 ℃ for 5 h, all the second phases were dissolved into the alloy, the galvanic corrosion was inhibited, and the alloy exhibited good corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.35 mm·year~(-1) in Hank's solution.
Solution treatment is a useful way to improve the degradation resistance of Mg alloys.In this work,effects of solution treatment temperature on mechanical and biodegradable properties of an extruded Mg–2Zn–1Gd–0.5Zr alloy were studied.Microstructure analysis,tensile test, three-point bending test, immersion test and electrochemical test were performed.The results showed that increasing solution temperature decreases the mechanical properties of the alloy.However, three-point bending test revealed that the solution-treated alloy at 510 ℃ could maintain 95% of its maximum bending force(F_(max)) during the 28-day immersion period.After treatment at 510 ℃ for 5 h, all the second phases were dissolved into the alloy, the galvanic corrosion was inhibited, and the alloy exhibited good corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.35 mm·year~(-1) in Hank's solution.
引文
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[7]Zengin H,Turen Y,Ahlatic H,Sun Y.Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1La magnesium alloy.Rare Met.2018.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1045-7.
[8]Wang WL,Lei NN,Qiu YL,Jia JD,Yan X.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Y-Zr ignition resistance alloy with adding rare earth Ce.Chin J Rare Met.2018;4(22):438.
[9]Bi GL,Han YX,Jiang J,Jiang CH,Li YD,Ma Y.Microstructural evolution and age-hardening behavior of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Dy-Zn alloy.Rare Met.2018.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1089-8.
[10]Chen XB,Nisbet DR,Li RW,Smith PN,Abbott TB,Easton MA,Zhang DH,Birbilis N.Controlling initial biodegradation of magnesium by a biocompatible strontium phosphate conversion coating.Acta Biomater.2014;10(3):1463.
[11]Huang Y,Yan Y,Pang X,Ding Q,Han S.Bioactivity and corrosion properties of gelatin-containing and strontium-doped calcium phosphate composite coating.Appl Surf Sci.2013;282:583.
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[13]Li LY,Cui LY,Zeng RC,Li SQ,Chen XB,Zheng YF,Kannan MB.Advances in functionalized polymer coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloys-a review.Acta Biomater.2018;79:23.
[14]Chen J,Tan L,Yang K.Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and biodegradable properties of an extruded ZK60 alloy.Bioact Mater.2017;2(1):19.
[15]Li ZM,Wan DQ,Huang Y,Ye ST,Hu YL.Characterization of a Mg95.5Zn1.5Y3alloy both containing W phase and LPSO phase with or without heat treatment.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(2):217.
[16]Ninlachart J,Karmiol Z,Chidambaram D,Raja KS.Effect of heat treatment conditions on the passivation behavior of WE43CMg-Y-Nd alloy in chloride containing alkaline environments.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(2):147.
[17]Maier P,Zimmermann F,Rinne M,Szakács G,Hort N,Vogt C.Solid solution treatment on strength and corrosion of biodegradable Mg6Ag wires.Mater Corros.2018;69(2):178.
[18]Yan XD,Wan P,Tan LL,Zhao MC,Shuai CJ,Yang K.Influence of hybrid extrusion and solution treatment on the microstructure and degradation behavior of Mg-0.1Cu alloy.Mater Sci Eng B Adv.2018;229:105.
[19]Song YW,Shan DY,Han EH.Pitting corrosion of a Rare Earth Mg alloy GW93.J Mater Sci Technol.2017;33(9):954.
[20]Zhang XB,Ba ZX,Wang ZZ,Wu YJ,Xue YJ.Effect of LPSOstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of as-extruded GZ51K magnesium alloy.Mater Lett.2016;163:250.
[21]Qiu X,Yang Q,Guan K,Bu FQ,Cao ZY,Liu YB,Meng J.Microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-Zn-(Gd)-Zr alloys extruded at various temperatures.Rare Met.2017;36(12):962.
[22]Zhang XB,Wu YJ,Xue YJ,Wang ZZ,Yang L.Biocorrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of a Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy with long period stacking ordered structure.Mater Lett.2012;86:42.
[23]Dai J,Zhang X,Yin Q,Ni S,Ba Z,Wang Z.Friction and wear behaviors of biodegradable Mg-6Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy under simulated body fluid condition.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(4):448.
[24]Yin S,Zhang Z,Liu X,Le Q,Lan Q,Bao L,Cui JZ.Effects of Zn/Gd ratio on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloys.Mater Sci Eng A Struct.2017;695:135.
[25]Wen K,Liu K,Wang ZH,Li SB,Du WB.Effect of pre-solution treatment on mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg96.9Zn0.43Gd2.48Zr0.15alloy.Mater Sci Eng A Struct.2016;674:33.
[26]Kubasek J,Vojtech D.Structural and corrosion characterization of biodegradable Mg-RE(RE=Gd,Y,Nd)alloys.T Nonferrous Metal Soc.2013;23(5):1215.
[27]Zhang SX,Zhang XN,Zhao CL,Li JN,Song Y,Xie CY,Tao HR,Zhang Y,He YH,Jiang Y,Bian YJ.Research on an Mg-Zn alloy as a degradable biomaterial.Acta Biomater.2010;6(2):626.
[28]Miao H,Huang H,Shi Y,Zhang H,Pei J,Yuan G.Effects of solution treatment before extrusion on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy in vitro.Corros Sci.2017;122:90.
[29]Chen JX,Lu SH,Tan LL,Etim IP,Yang K.Comparative study on effects of different coatings on biodegradable and wear properties of Mg-2Zn-1Gd-0.5Zr alloy.Surf Coat Technol.2018;352:273.
[30]Chen JX,Peng W,Zhu L,Tan LL,Etim IP,Wang XJ,Yang K.Effect of copper content on the corrosion behaviors and antibacterial properties of binary Mg-Cu alloys.Mater Technol.2018;33(2):145.
[31]Xu DK,Han EH.Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys:a review.Prog Nat Sci.2012;22(5):364.
[32]Bakhsheshi-Rad HR,Idris MH,Abdul-Kadir MR,Ourdjini A,Medraj M,Daroonparvar M,Hamzah E.Mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of quaternary Mg-Ca-Mn-Zn alloys compared with binary Mg-Ca alloys.Mater Design.2014;53:283.
[33]Kutniy KV,Papirov Ⅱ,Tikhonovsky MA,Pikalov AI,Sivtzov SV,Pirozhenko LA,Shokurov VS,Shkuropatenko VA.Influence of grain size on mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium alloy for medical implants.Materialwisse Werkst.2009;40(4):242.
[34]Nie JF,Muddle BC.Precipitation in magnesium alloy WE54during isothermal ageing at 250℃.Scr Mater.1999;40(10):1089.
[35]Atrens A,Song GL,Liu M,Shi ZM,Cao FY,Dargusch MS.Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion.Adv Eng Mater.2015;17(4):400.
[36]Feng H,Liu SH,Du Y,Lei T,Zeng RC,Yuan TC.Effect of the second phases on corrosion behavior of the Mg-Al-Zn alloys.J Alloys Compd.2017;695:2330.
[37]Zeng RC,Cui LY,Ke W.Biomedical magnesium alloys:composition,microstructure and corrosion.Acta Metall Sin.2018;54(9):1215.
[38]Zeng RC,Kainer KU,Blawert C,Dietzel W.Corrosion of an extruded magnesium alloy ZK60 component-the role of microstructural features.J Alloys Compd.2011;509:4462.
[2]Witte F,Kaese V,Haferkamp H,Switzer E,Meyer-Lindenberg A,Wirth CJ,Windhagen H.In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response.Biomaterials.2005;26(17):3557.
[3]Kraus T,Fischerauer SF,H?nzi AC,Uggowitzer PJ,L?ffler JF,Weinberg AM.Magnesium alloys for temporary implants in osteosynthesis:in vivo studies of their degradation and interaction with bone.Acta Biomater.2012;8(3):1230.
[4]Plaass C,Ettinger S,Sonnow L,Koenneker S,Noll Y,Weizbauer A,Reifenrath J,Claassen L,Daniilidis K,Stukenborg-Colsman C,Windhagen H.Early results using a biodegradable magnesium screw for modified chevron osteotomies.J Orthop Res.2016;34(12):2207.
[5]Zhao DW,Huang SB,Lu FQ,Wang BJ,Yang L,Qin L,Yang K,Li YD,Li WR,Wang W,Tian SM,Zhang XZ,Gao WB,Wang ZP,Zhang Y,Xie XH,Wang JL,Li JL.Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Biomaterials.2016;81:84.
[6]Diekmann J,Bauer S,Weizbauer A,Willbold E,Windhagen H,Helmecke P,Lucas A,Reifenrath J,Nolte I,Ezechieli M.Examination of a biodegradable magnesium screw for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament:a pilot in vivo study in rabbits.Mater Sci Eng C Mater.2016;59:1100.
[7]Zengin H,Turen Y,Ahlatic H,Sun Y.Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1La magnesium alloy.Rare Met.2018.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1045-7.
[8]Wang WL,Lei NN,Qiu YL,Jia JD,Yan X.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Y-Zr ignition resistance alloy with adding rare earth Ce.Chin J Rare Met.2018;4(22):438.
[9]Bi GL,Han YX,Jiang J,Jiang CH,Li YD,Ma Y.Microstructural evolution and age-hardening behavior of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Dy-Zn alloy.Rare Met.2018.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1089-8.
[10]Chen XB,Nisbet DR,Li RW,Smith PN,Abbott TB,Easton MA,Zhang DH,Birbilis N.Controlling initial biodegradation of magnesium by a biocompatible strontium phosphate conversion coating.Acta Biomater.2014;10(3):1463.
[11]Huang Y,Yan Y,Pang X,Ding Q,Han S.Bioactivity and corrosion properties of gelatin-containing and strontium-doped calcium phosphate composite coating.Appl Surf Sci.2013;282:583.
[12]Lin X,Tan LL,Zhang Q,Yang K,Hu ZQ,Qiu JH,Cai Y.The in vitro degradation process and biocompatibility of a ZK60magnesium alloy with a forsterite-containing micro-arc oxidation coating.Acta Biomater.2013;9(10):8631.
[13]Li LY,Cui LY,Zeng RC,Li SQ,Chen XB,Zheng YF,Kannan MB.Advances in functionalized polymer coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloys-a review.Acta Biomater.2018;79:23.
[14]Chen J,Tan L,Yang K.Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and biodegradable properties of an extruded ZK60 alloy.Bioact Mater.2017;2(1):19.
[15]Li ZM,Wan DQ,Huang Y,Ye ST,Hu YL.Characterization of a Mg95.5Zn1.5Y3alloy both containing W phase and LPSO phase with or without heat treatment.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(2):217.
[16]Ninlachart J,Karmiol Z,Chidambaram D,Raja KS.Effect of heat treatment conditions on the passivation behavior of WE43CMg-Y-Nd alloy in chloride containing alkaline environments.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(2):147.
[17]Maier P,Zimmermann F,Rinne M,Szakács G,Hort N,Vogt C.Solid solution treatment on strength and corrosion of biodegradable Mg6Ag wires.Mater Corros.2018;69(2):178.
[18]Yan XD,Wan P,Tan LL,Zhao MC,Shuai CJ,Yang K.Influence of hybrid extrusion and solution treatment on the microstructure and degradation behavior of Mg-0.1Cu alloy.Mater Sci Eng B Adv.2018;229:105.
[19]Song YW,Shan DY,Han EH.Pitting corrosion of a Rare Earth Mg alloy GW93.J Mater Sci Technol.2017;33(9):954.
[20]Zhang XB,Ba ZX,Wang ZZ,Wu YJ,Xue YJ.Effect of LPSOstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of as-extruded GZ51K magnesium alloy.Mater Lett.2016;163:250.
[21]Qiu X,Yang Q,Guan K,Bu FQ,Cao ZY,Liu YB,Meng J.Microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-Zn-(Gd)-Zr alloys extruded at various temperatures.Rare Met.2017;36(12):962.
[22]Zhang XB,Wu YJ,Xue YJ,Wang ZZ,Yang L.Biocorrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of a Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy with long period stacking ordered structure.Mater Lett.2012;86:42.
[23]Dai J,Zhang X,Yin Q,Ni S,Ba Z,Wang Z.Friction and wear behaviors of biodegradable Mg-6Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy under simulated body fluid condition.J Magnes Alloy.2017;5(4):448.
[24]Yin S,Zhang Z,Liu X,Le Q,Lan Q,Bao L,Cui JZ.Effects of Zn/Gd ratio on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloys.Mater Sci Eng A Struct.2017;695:135.
[25]Wen K,Liu K,Wang ZH,Li SB,Du WB.Effect of pre-solution treatment on mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg96.9Zn0.43Gd2.48Zr0.15alloy.Mater Sci Eng A Struct.2016;674:33.
[26]Kubasek J,Vojtech D.Structural and corrosion characterization of biodegradable Mg-RE(RE=Gd,Y,Nd)alloys.T Nonferrous Metal Soc.2013;23(5):1215.
[27]Zhang SX,Zhang XN,Zhao CL,Li JN,Song Y,Xie CY,Tao HR,Zhang Y,He YH,Jiang Y,Bian YJ.Research on an Mg-Zn alloy as a degradable biomaterial.Acta Biomater.2010;6(2):626.
[28]Miao H,Huang H,Shi Y,Zhang H,Pei J,Yuan G.Effects of solution treatment before extrusion on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy in vitro.Corros Sci.2017;122:90.
[29]Chen JX,Lu SH,Tan LL,Etim IP,Yang K.Comparative study on effects of different coatings on biodegradable and wear properties of Mg-2Zn-1Gd-0.5Zr alloy.Surf Coat Technol.2018;352:273.
[30]Chen JX,Peng W,Zhu L,Tan LL,Etim IP,Wang XJ,Yang K.Effect of copper content on the corrosion behaviors and antibacterial properties of binary Mg-Cu alloys.Mater Technol.2018;33(2):145.
[31]Xu DK,Han EH.Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys:a review.Prog Nat Sci.2012;22(5):364.
[32]Bakhsheshi-Rad HR,Idris MH,Abdul-Kadir MR,Ourdjini A,Medraj M,Daroonparvar M,Hamzah E.Mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of quaternary Mg-Ca-Mn-Zn alloys compared with binary Mg-Ca alloys.Mater Design.2014;53:283.
[33]Kutniy KV,Papirov Ⅱ,Tikhonovsky MA,Pikalov AI,Sivtzov SV,Pirozhenko LA,Shokurov VS,Shkuropatenko VA.Influence of grain size on mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium alloy for medical implants.Materialwisse Werkst.2009;40(4):242.
[34]Nie JF,Muddle BC.Precipitation in magnesium alloy WE54during isothermal ageing at 250℃.Scr Mater.1999;40(10):1089.
[35]Atrens A,Song GL,Liu M,Shi ZM,Cao FY,Dargusch MS.Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion.Adv Eng Mater.2015;17(4):400.
[36]Feng H,Liu SH,Du Y,Lei T,Zeng RC,Yuan TC.Effect of the second phases on corrosion behavior of the Mg-Al-Zn alloys.J Alloys Compd.2017;695:2330.
[37]Zeng RC,Cui LY,Ke W.Biomedical magnesium alloys:composition,microstructure and corrosion.Acta Metall Sin.2018;54(9):1215.
[38]Zeng RC,Kainer KU,Blawert C,Dietzel W.Corrosion of an extruded magnesium alloy ZK60 component-the role of microstructural features.J Alloys Compd.2011;509:4462.