社会资本影响个人健康水平吗?——基于CGSS2008的中国经验证据
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摘要
对于以关系取向、伦理本位为特征的中国社会,研究社会资本对健康的影响更具重要的理论价值与实践意义。基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2008年度的调查数据,通过建立多元回归模型研究中国居民个人社会资本对其健康水平的影响,并具体分析了这种影响的性别、年龄和城乡差异。现有数据为社会资本影响个人的健康水平提供了中国经验证据,体现了西方社会原有解释命题的有效性和中国社会的普遍适用性,即个人社会资本对健康发生学解释具有较强的解释效度和信度,同时也体现了中国经验的特殊性。研究结果显示,中国居民的个人社会资本对健康具有显著影响;个人社会资本的构成性成分对于健康的影响具有差异性;个人社会资本,尤其是网络规模与熟人单位类型,是决定健康水平的重要因素;个人社会资本对健康影响存在着明显的性别年龄、教育水平、社会地位和城乡差异,具有较明显的群际差异性和空间属性。
For Chinese society characterized by relationship orientation and ethical standard, studying the impact of social capital on health has more important theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the survey data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS) in 2008, a multivariate regression model was established to study the impact of Chinese residents' individual social capital on their health level, and the gender, age and urban-rural differences of this impact were particularly analyzed. The available data provide evidence of Chinese experience that social capital affects an individual's health level, reflecting the validity of the original interpretation propositions from Western society and its universal applicability in Chinese society, that is, personal social capital has a strong explanatory validity and reliability for the health occurrence interpretation, which also reflects the particularity of Chinese experience. The findings show that the personal social capital of Chinese residents has a significant impact on health; the constituents of individual social capital have different effects on health; personal social capital, especially the size of the network and the type of acquaintance unit, are important factors to determine the level of health; the impact of personal social capital on health has obvious differences in gender, age, educational level, social status and urban-rural, with obvious inter-group and spatial attributes.
For Chinese society characterized by relationship orientation and ethical standard, studying the impact of social capital on health has more important theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the survey data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS) in 2008, a multivariate regression model was established to study the impact of Chinese residents' individual social capital on their health level, and the gender, age and urban-rural differences of this impact were particularly analyzed. The available data provide evidence of Chinese experience that social capital affects an individual's health level, reflecting the validity of the original interpretation propositions from Western society and its universal applicability in Chinese society, that is, personal social capital has a strong explanatory validity and reliability for the health occurrence interpretation, which also reflects the particularity of Chinese experience. The findings show that the personal social capital of Chinese residents has a significant impact on health; the constituents of individual social capital have different effects on health; personal social capital, especially the size of the network and the type of acquaintance unit, are important factors to determine the level of health; the impact of personal social capital on health has obvious differences in gender, age, educational level, social status and urban-rural, with obvious inter-group and spatial attributes.
引文
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(18)吕涛:《社会资本的网络测量---关系、位置与资源》,《广东社会科学》2012年第1期。
(19)Sabatini F.Social Capital as Social Networks:A New Framework for Measurement and an Empirical Analysis of Its Determinants and Consequences.the Journal of Socio-economics,2009,38:429~442.
(20)Grootaert C,van Bastlaer T.Understand and Measuring Social Capital.Washington D C:World Bank,2002.
(21)桂勇、黄荣贵:《社区社会资本测量:一项基于经验数据的研究》,《社会学研究》2008年第3期。
(22)Harpham,T.,Grant,E.,&Thomas,E.Measuring social capital within health surveys:Key issues.Health Policy and Planning,2002,17(1),106~111.
(23)Putnam R.Bowling Alone:America's Declining Social Capital in America.Journal of Democracy,1995,6(1):65~78.
(24)Paxton P.Is Social Capital Declining in the United States?A Multiple Indicator Assessment.American Journal of Sociology,1999,105(1):88~127.
(25)Narayan D,Cassidy M F.A Dimensional Approach to Measuring Social Capital:Development and Validation of a Social Capital Inventory.Current Sociology,2001,(49):59~102.
(26)赵延东:《测量酉部城乡居民的社会资本》,《华中师范大学学报》2006年第45期。
(27)裴志军:《村域社会资本:界定、维度及测量---基于浙江西部37个村落的实证研究》,《农村经济》2010年第6期。
(28)胡涤非:《农村社会资本的结构及其测量---对帕特南社会资本理论的经验研究》,《武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第4期。
(29)边燕杰:《城市居民社会资本的来源及作用:网络观点与调查发现》,《中国社会科》2004年第3期。
(30)赵延东、罗家德:《如何测量社会资本:一个经验研究综述》,《国外社会科学》2005年第2期。
(31)Grossman,M.,On the Concept of Health Capital and Demand for Health.Journal of Political Economy,Vol.80,No.2.1972:223.
(32)Putnam R.Bowling Alone:America’s Declining Social Capital in America[J].Journal of Democracy,1995,6(1):65~78.
(33)Idler,E.L.,&Benyamini,Y.Self-rated health and mortality:A review of twenty-seven community studies.Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1997,38(1),21~37.
(34)Mossey JM,Shapiro E.Self-rated health:a predictor of mortality among the elderly[J].Am J Public Health,1982,72(8):800~808.Idler E L,Angel R J.Self-rated Health and Mortality in the NHANES-1 Epidemiologic Follow-up Study[J].Journal of American Public Health,1990,80(4):446~452.I-dler E L,Kasl S V.Self-ratings of Health:Do They Also Predict Change in Functional Ability[J].Journal of Gerontology,1995,50(6):344~353.Marmot M,Feeney A,Shipley M,et al.Sickness Absence as a Measure of Health Status and Functioning From the UK Whitehall II Study[J].Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,1995,49(2):124~130.
(35)Yip,W.,Subramanian,S.V.,Mitchell,A.D.,Lee,D.T.S.,Wang,J.and Kawachi,I.,Does social capital enhance health and well-being?Evidence From rural China.Social Science&Medicine,No.64,2007,pp.35~49.
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(37)Wilkinson,Richard G.Class and Health,London:Tavistock Publications,1986.
(38)Lin,Nan.“Building a Network Theory of Social Capital”,Connections,1999,22(1).
(39)Lin,Nan,Ensel,Walter M..“Life Stress and Health:Stressors and Resources”,American Sociological Review,1989,54(3);Lin,Nan,Lai,Gina.1995,“Urban Stress in China”,Social Science and Medicine,1995,41(8);Wellman,Barry,Wortley,Scott.“Different Strokes from Different Folks:Community Ties and Social Support”,American Journal of Sociology,1990,96(3).
(40)Kawachi,Ichiro,Berkman,Lisa F.Neighbourhoods and Health,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003.
(41)Harpham,Trudy,Grant,Emma,Thomas,Elizabeth.“Measuring Social Capital within Health Surveys:Key Issues”,Health Policy and Planning,2002,17(1).
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