A population-feedback control based algorithm for well trajectory optimization using proxy model
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摘要
Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters.Among these factors,azimuth,inclination angle,and mud weight are controllable.The objective of this paper is to introduce a new procedure based on elastoplastic theory in wellbore stability solution to determine the optimum well trajectory and global minimum mud pressure required(GMMPR).Genetic algorithm(GA) was applied as a main optimization engine that employs proportional feedback controller to obtain the minimum mud pressure required(MMPR).The feedback function repeatedly calculated and updated the error between the simulated and set point of normalized yielded zone area(NYZA).To reduce computation expenses,an artificial neural network(ANN) was used as a proxy(surrogate model) to approximate the behavior of the actual wellbore model.The methodology was applied to a directional well in southwestern Iranian oilfield.The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted GMMPR and practical safe mud pressure was 4%for elastoplastic method,and 22%for conventional elastic solution.
Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters.Among these factors,azimuth,inclination angle,and mud weight are controllable.The objective of this paper is to introduce a new procedure based on elastoplastic theory in wellbore stability solution to determine the optimum well trajectory and global minimum mud pressure required(GMMPR).Genetic algorithm(GA) was applied as a main optimization engine that employs proportional feedback controller to obtain the minimum mud pressure required(MMPR).The feedback function repeatedly calculated and updated the error between the simulated and set point of normalized yielded zone area(NYZA).To reduce computation expenses,an artificial neural network(ANN) was used as a proxy(surrogate model) to approximate the behavior of the actual wellbore model.The methodology was applied to a directional well in southwestern Iranian oilfield.The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted GMMPR and practical safe mud pressure was 4%for elastoplastic method,and 22%for conventional elastic solution.
Wellbore instability is one of the concerns in the field of drilling engineering.This phenomenon is affected by several factors such as azimuth,inclination angle,in-situ stress,mud weight,and rock strength parameters.Among these factors,azimuth,inclination angle,and mud weight are controllable.The objective of this paper is to introduce a new procedure based on elastoplastic theory in wellbore stability solution to determine the optimum well trajectory and global minimum mud pressure required(GMMPR).Genetic algorithm(GA) was applied as a main optimization engine that employs proportional feedback controller to obtain the minimum mud pressure required(MMPR).The feedback function repeatedly calculated and updated the error between the simulated and set point of normalized yielded zone area(NYZA).To reduce computation expenses,an artificial neural network(ANN) was used as a proxy(surrogate model) to approximate the behavior of the actual wellbore model.The methodology was applied to a directional well in southwestern Iranian oilfield.The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted GMMPR and practical safe mud pressure was 4%for elastoplastic method,and 22%for conventional elastic solution.
引文
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Akhundi H.Ghafoori M,Lashkaripour G.Determine stability wellboie utilizing by artificial intelligence systems and estimation of elastic coefficients of reservoir rock.Open Journal of Geology 2015:5:83-91.
Al-Ajmi A.Wellbore stability analysis based on a new true-triaxial failure criterion.PhD Thesis.KTH Land and Water Resources Engineering,Royal Institute of Technology:2006.
Awal MR.Khan MS.Mohiuddin MA,Abdulraheem A,Azeemuddin M.A new approach to borehole trajectory optimisation for increased hole stability.In:SPE middle east oil show.Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE);2001.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68092-MS.
Chen X,Tan CP,Haberfield CM.Wellbore stability analysis guidelines for practical well design.In:SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference.SPE;1996.
Chen SL,Abousleiman YN,Muraleetharan KK.Closed-form elastoplastic solution for the wellbore problem in strain hardening/softening rock formations.International Journal of Ceomechanics 2012;12(4):494-507.
Fjaer E,Holt RM,Horsrud P,Raaen AM,Risnes R.Failure mechanics.In:Fjaer E,Holt RM,Horsrud P,Raaen AM.Risnes R,editors.Developments in petroleum science.Petroleum related rock mechanics.2nd ed,vol.53.Elsevier:2008.p.55-102.
Fuh GF,Whitfill DL,Schuh PR.Use of borehole stability analysis for successful drilling of high-angle hole.In:Proceedings of SPE/IADC Drilling Conference.SPE;1998.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17235-MS.
Goldberg DE.Genetic algorithms in search,optimization and machine learning.Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Company,Inc.;1989.
Goshtasbi K,Elyasi A.Naeimipour A.3D numerical stability analysis of multi-lateral well junctions.Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2013:6(8):2981-9.
Han G,Stone T,Liu Q,Cook J,Papanastasiou P.3D elastoplastic fern modelling in a reservoir simulator.In:Proceedings of SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium.SPE;2005.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91891-MS.
Haupt RL,Haupt SE.Practical genetic algorithms.2nd ed.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.;2004.
Hawkes CD,McLellan PJ.A new model for predicting time-dependent failure of shales:theory and application.In:Annual Technical Meeting.Petroleum Society of Canada;1997.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97-131.
Hawkes CD,Smith CP,McLellan PJ.Coupled modeling of borehole instability and multiphase flow for underbalanced drilling.In:Proceedings of IADC/SPE Drilling Conference.SPE;2002.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/74447-MS.
Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.FLAC3D manual.Minneapolis.USA:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.;2012.
Liu D,Yuan Y,Liao S.Artificial neural networks for optimization of gold-bearing slime smelting.Expert Systems with Applications 2009:36(9):11671-4.
Manriquez AL,Podio A,Sepehrnoori K.Modeling of the stability of multibranch horizontal open holes.In:Proceedings of SPE Western Regional and Pacific Section AAPG Joint Meeting.SPE;2008.http://dx.doi.org/10.21l8/114H7-MS.
Manshad AK.Jalalifar H,Aslannejad M.Analysis of vertical,horizontal and deviated wellbores stability by analytical and numerical methods.Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 2014;4(4):359-69.
McLellan PJ,Wang Y.Predicting the effects of pore pressure penetration on the extent of wellbore instability:application of a versatile poro-elastoplastic model.In:Rock mechanics in petroleum engineering.SPE:1994.http://dx.doi.org/l0.2118/28053-MS.
McLellan PJ,Hawkes CD,Read RS.Sand production prediction for horizontal wells in gas storage reservoirs.In:Proceedings of SPE/CIM International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology.SPE;2000.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/65510-MS.
Mendelssohn L Preprocessing data for neural networks.Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities 1993:11(10):416-20.
Muller AL,do Amaral Vargas Jr E,Vaz LE,Goncalves CJ.Borehole stability analysis considering spatial variability and poroelastoplasticity.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2009;46(1):90-6.
Salehi S,Hareland G,Dehkordi KK.Wellbore stability analysis in UBD wells of Iranian fields.In:Proceedings of SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference.SPE;2007.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105155-MS.
Singh PK,Tripathy A,Kainthola A,Mahanta B,Singh V,Singh TN.Indirect estimation of compressive and shear strength from simple index tests.Engineering with Computers 2017;33(1):1-11.
Tripathy A,Singh TN,Kundu J.Prediction of abrasiveness index of some Indian rocks using soft computing methods.Measurement 2015;68:302-9.
Wang X,Sterling RL.Stability analysis of a borehole wall during horizontal directional drilling.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2007;22(5-6):620-32.
Yew CH,Liu G.Pore fluid and wellbore stabilities.In:International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering.SPE;1992.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22381-MS.
Yi X,Ong S,Russell JE.Quantifying the effect of rock strength criteria on minimum drilling mud weight prediction using polyaxial rock strength test International Journal of Geomechanics 2006:6(4):260-8.
Zare-Reisabadi MR,Kaffash A,Shadizadeh SR.Determination of optimal well trajectory during drilling and production based on borehole stability.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2012;56:77-87.
Zervos A,Papanastasiou P,Cook J.Elastoplastic finite element analysis of inclined wellbores.In:SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering.SPE;1998.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/47322-MS.
Zimmerman RW,Al-Ajmi AM.Stability analysis of deviated boreholes using the Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion,with applications to some North Sea and Indonesian Reservoirs.In:IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition.SPE;2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/104035-MS.
Zoback MD.Reservoir geomechanics.New York:Cambridge University Press;2007.
Zubarev Dl.Pros and cons of applying proxy-models as a substitute for full reservoir simulations.In:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.SPE;2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124815-MS.
Akhundi H.Ghafoori M,Lashkaripour G.Determine stability wellboie utilizing by artificial intelligence systems and estimation of elastic coefficients of reservoir rock.Open Journal of Geology 2015:5:83-91.
Al-Ajmi A.Wellbore stability analysis based on a new true-triaxial failure criterion.PhD Thesis.KTH Land and Water Resources Engineering,Royal Institute of Technology:2006.
Awal MR.Khan MS.Mohiuddin MA,Abdulraheem A,Azeemuddin M.A new approach to borehole trajectory optimisation for increased hole stability.In:SPE middle east oil show.Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE);2001.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68092-MS.
Chen X,Tan CP,Haberfield CM.Wellbore stability analysis guidelines for practical well design.In:SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference.SPE;1996.
Chen SL,Abousleiman YN,Muraleetharan KK.Closed-form elastoplastic solution for the wellbore problem in strain hardening/softening rock formations.International Journal of Ceomechanics 2012;12(4):494-507.
Fjaer E,Holt RM,Horsrud P,Raaen AM,Risnes R.Failure mechanics.In:Fjaer E,Holt RM,Horsrud P,Raaen AM.Risnes R,editors.Developments in petroleum science.Petroleum related rock mechanics.2nd ed,vol.53.Elsevier:2008.p.55-102.
Fuh GF,Whitfill DL,Schuh PR.Use of borehole stability analysis for successful drilling of high-angle hole.In:Proceedings of SPE/IADC Drilling Conference.SPE;1998.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17235-MS.
Goldberg DE.Genetic algorithms in search,optimization and machine learning.Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Company,Inc.;1989.
Goshtasbi K,Elyasi A.Naeimipour A.3D numerical stability analysis of multi-lateral well junctions.Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2013:6(8):2981-9.
Han G,Stone T,Liu Q,Cook J,Papanastasiou P.3D elastoplastic fern modelling in a reservoir simulator.In:Proceedings of SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium.SPE;2005.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91891-MS.
Haupt RL,Haupt SE.Practical genetic algorithms.2nd ed.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.;2004.
Hawkes CD,McLellan PJ.A new model for predicting time-dependent failure of shales:theory and application.In:Annual Technical Meeting.Petroleum Society of Canada;1997.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97-131.
Hawkes CD,Smith CP,McLellan PJ.Coupled modeling of borehole instability and multiphase flow for underbalanced drilling.In:Proceedings of IADC/SPE Drilling Conference.SPE;2002.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/74447-MS.
Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.FLAC3D manual.Minneapolis.USA:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.;2012.
Liu D,Yuan Y,Liao S.Artificial neural networks for optimization of gold-bearing slime smelting.Expert Systems with Applications 2009:36(9):11671-4.
Manriquez AL,Podio A,Sepehrnoori K.Modeling of the stability of multibranch horizontal open holes.In:Proceedings of SPE Western Regional and Pacific Section AAPG Joint Meeting.SPE;2008.http://dx.doi.org/10.21l8/114H7-MS.
Manshad AK.Jalalifar H,Aslannejad M.Analysis of vertical,horizontal and deviated wellbores stability by analytical and numerical methods.Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 2014;4(4):359-69.
McLellan PJ,Wang Y.Predicting the effects of pore pressure penetration on the extent of wellbore instability:application of a versatile poro-elastoplastic model.In:Rock mechanics in petroleum engineering.SPE:1994.http://dx.doi.org/l0.2118/28053-MS.
McLellan PJ,Hawkes CD,Read RS.Sand production prediction for horizontal wells in gas storage reservoirs.In:Proceedings of SPE/CIM International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology.SPE;2000.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/65510-MS.
Mendelssohn L Preprocessing data for neural networks.Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities 1993:11(10):416-20.
Muller AL,do Amaral Vargas Jr E,Vaz LE,Goncalves CJ.Borehole stability analysis considering spatial variability and poroelastoplasticity.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2009;46(1):90-6.
Salehi S,Hareland G,Dehkordi KK.Wellbore stability analysis in UBD wells of Iranian fields.In:Proceedings of SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference.SPE;2007.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105155-MS.
Singh PK,Tripathy A,Kainthola A,Mahanta B,Singh V,Singh TN.Indirect estimation of compressive and shear strength from simple index tests.Engineering with Computers 2017;33(1):1-11.
Tripathy A,Singh TN,Kundu J.Prediction of abrasiveness index of some Indian rocks using soft computing methods.Measurement 2015;68:302-9.
Wang X,Sterling RL.Stability analysis of a borehole wall during horizontal directional drilling.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2007;22(5-6):620-32.
Yew CH,Liu G.Pore fluid and wellbore stabilities.In:International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering.SPE;1992.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22381-MS.
Yi X,Ong S,Russell JE.Quantifying the effect of rock strength criteria on minimum drilling mud weight prediction using polyaxial rock strength test International Journal of Geomechanics 2006:6(4):260-8.
Zare-Reisabadi MR,Kaffash A,Shadizadeh SR.Determination of optimal well trajectory during drilling and production based on borehole stability.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2012;56:77-87.
Zervos A,Papanastasiou P,Cook J.Elastoplastic finite element analysis of inclined wellbores.In:SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering.SPE;1998.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/47322-MS.
Zimmerman RW,Al-Ajmi AM.Stability analysis of deviated boreholes using the Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion,with applications to some North Sea and Indonesian Reservoirs.In:IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition.SPE;2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/104035-MS.
Zoback MD.Reservoir geomechanics.New York:Cambridge University Press;2007.
Zubarev Dl.Pros and cons of applying proxy-models as a substitute for full reservoir simulations.In:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.SPE;2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124815-MS.