无菌动物在奶牛乳房炎发病机理研究中的应用
|
摘要
乳房炎是奶牛养殖场中的高发病,经抗生素治愈后极易复发。疾病的反复发作导致奶牛的产奶量持续下降,乳头坏死,进而被淘汰。乳房炎也是哺乳期妇女常患的疾病,传统的抗生素治疗损伤新生儿的神经系统。在乳房炎的治疗方法中,抗生素因其大量的负面作用使得其已不适合在乳房炎治疗中滥用,应加快开发新的且有效的抗生素替代物用以治疗或预防乳房炎。益生菌在多种疾病的预防与治疗中都有成功的应用实例。因此,益生菌在乳房炎的治疗与预防中是否真的有效是一个有趣的研究方向。益生菌主要于宿主的肠道中发挥其关键作用,因此肠道菌群与乳房炎发病是否有关联,是益生菌能否应用于乳房炎的治疗中需要解答的首个问题。通过菌群移植,对哺乳期小鼠的乳腺组织以及身体其他各项免疫指标进行监控,探究移植健康奶牛粪便小鼠组与移植乳房炎奶牛粪便小鼠组以及移植乳房炎奶牛粪便同时进行益生菌干预组小鼠的乳腺组织是否发生炎症以及炎症程度如何。奶牛肠道菌群移植入无菌小鼠之后,这种菌群结构与功能之上的差异同时被放大形成鲜明的对比。表明健康的肠道菌群结构对于保持奶牛的健康状态有直接的影响,益生菌可调节奶牛的肠道菌群,对于维持奶牛健康,预防和缓解乳房炎有不可忽视的潜能。
Mastitis is one of the high incidence diseases in dairy farm,and the traditional therapies include using of antibiotics which usually have a high recurrent rate. The disease recurrence will reduce the milk production and cause worse result such as breast necrosis. So many cows are obsoleted because of mastitis and that cause a great economic loss to the dairy industry. Nursing mothers also suffering from mastitis and they cannot be treated with antibiotics because the medicine has a bad influence on the baby's nervous system. With all of the negative effects,antibiotics cannot be used in the mastitis treatment. Therefore it is extremely urgent to develop a new therapy for mastitis. Probiotics is a viable alternative which can be used in the prevention and treatment of mastitis because of many successful applications. Many previous examples in a variety of disease prevention and treatment using probiotics make this research very interesting. Digestive tract is the main niche where probiotics can play a crucial role in maintaining the host's health. It has been observed that digestive tract is one of the important microbial niche,which have a robust relationship with mastitis. It is the major issue of this research to use probiotic instead of antibiotics in the therapy of mastitis. The healthy intestinal microflora structure is crucial for the cows' health. Probiotics has a potential ability to cure mastitis in dairy cows. In addition it plays an essential role in maintaining the healthy state and mastitis prevention.
Mastitis is one of the high incidence diseases in dairy farm,and the traditional therapies include using of antibiotics which usually have a high recurrent rate. The disease recurrence will reduce the milk production and cause worse result such as breast necrosis. So many cows are obsoleted because of mastitis and that cause a great economic loss to the dairy industry. Nursing mothers also suffering from mastitis and they cannot be treated with antibiotics because the medicine has a bad influence on the baby's nervous system. With all of the negative effects,antibiotics cannot be used in the mastitis treatment. Therefore it is extremely urgent to develop a new therapy for mastitis. Probiotics is a viable alternative which can be used in the prevention and treatment of mastitis because of many successful applications. Many previous examples in a variety of disease prevention and treatment using probiotics make this research very interesting. Digestive tract is the main niche where probiotics can play a crucial role in maintaining the host's health. It has been observed that digestive tract is one of the important microbial niche,which have a robust relationship with mastitis. It is the major issue of this research to use probiotic instead of antibiotics in the therapy of mastitis. The healthy intestinal microflora structure is crucial for the cows' health. Probiotics has a potential ability to cure mastitis in dairy cows. In addition it plays an essential role in maintaining the healthy state and mastitis prevention.
引文
[1]Persson Y,Nyman AKJ,Gr9nlund-Andersson U.Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens from cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Sweden[J].Acta Vet Scand,2011,53(1):36.
[2]Valde JP,Lawson LG,Lindberg A,et al.Cumulative risk of bovine mastitis treatments in Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden[J].Acta Vet Scand,2004,45(3-4):201-210.
[3]Zadoks RN,Middleton JR,Mcdougall S,et al.Molecular epidemiology of mastitis pathogens of dairy cattle and comparative relevance to humans[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia,2011,16(4):357-372.
[4]Phiri AM,Muleya W,Mwape KE.Management of chronic gangrenous mastitis in a 3-year-old cow using partial(quarter)mastectomy[J].Trop Animal Health Prod,2010,42(6):1057-1061.
[5]Wolff C,Espetvedt M,Lind AK,et al.Completeness of the disease recording systems for dairy cows in Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden with special reference to clinical mastitis[J].BMC Vet Res,2012,8(1):131.
[6]T Halasa,K Huijps,Osters,et al.Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management:A review[J].Vet Q,2007,29(1):18-31.
[7]Malek dos Reis CB,Barreiro JR,Mestieri L,et al.Effect of somatic cell count and mastitis pathogens on milk composition in Gyr cows[J].BMC Vet Res,2013,9(1):1-7.
[8]González LA,Manteca X,Calsamiglia S,et al.Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle:Interplay between feed ingredients,rumen function and feeding behavior(a review)[J].Animal Feed Sci Technol,2012,172(1-2):66-79.
[9]Waltemyer JR,Hennings R,Hoostal MJ.Seasonal shifts in bacteria associated with Jersey cows on a small dairy farm and the potential for bedding choice and low levels of iodine use to inhibit mastitic pathogens[J].Prev Vet Med,2014,113(4):614-619.
[10]Newman KA,Rajala-Schultz PJ,Degraves FJ,et al.Association of milk yield and infection status at dry-off with intramammary infections at subsequent calving[J].J Dairy Res,2010,77(01):99-106.
[11]甘宗辉,张亚琴,冀德君,等.产犊月份与奶牛隐型乳房炎的发病及产奶量的关系研究[J].中国牛业科学,2013,39(1):25-29.
[12]Rasmussen DB,Fogsgaard K,Rntved CM,et al.Changes in thermal nociceptive responses in dairy cows following experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis[J].Acta Vet Scand,2011,53(1):32.
[13]Brouillette E,Grondin G,Talbot BG,et al.Inflammatory cell infiltration as an indicator of Staphylococcus aureus infection and therapeutic efficacy in experimental mouse mastitis[J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,2005,104(3):163-169.
[14]Fengyang L,Yunhe F,Bo L,et al.Stevioside suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion by downregulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells[J].Inflammation,2012,35(5):1669-1675.
[15]Verdiermetz I,Gagne G,Bornes S,et al.Cow teat skin,a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production[J].Appl Environm Microbiol,2012,78(2):326-333.
[16]Garmo RT,Waage S,Sviland S,et al.Reproductive performance,udder health,and antibiotic resistance in mastitis bacteria isolated from Norwegian Red cows in conventional and organic farming[J].Acta Vet Scand,2010,52(11):239.
[17]Ismail ZA,Dickinson C.Alterations in coagulation parameters in dairy cows affected with acute mastitis caused by E.coli and S.aureus pathogens[J].Vet Res Comm,2010,34(6):533-539.
[18]Hertl JA,Schukken YH,Welcome FL,et al.Pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2014,97(3):1465-1480.
[19]毛永江,陈莹,陈仁金,等.乳房炎对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(12):1787-1794.
[20]王旭荣,李宏胜,李建喜,等.奶牛临床型乳房炎的细菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(7):195-198.
[21]张寒琪,高健,吴桥兴,等.奶牛中型无绿藻性乳房炎[J].中国兽医杂志,2011,47(5):13-5.
[22]Zaini F,Kanani A,Falahati M,et al.Identification of Prototheca zopfii from bovine mastitis[J].Iran J Public Health,2012,41(8):84-88.
[23]Chang R,Yang Q,Liu G,et al.Treatment with gentamicin on a murine model of protothecal mastitis[J].Mycopathologia,2013,175(3-4):241-248.
[24]Condas LA,Ribeiro MG,Yazawa K,et al.Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia spp.isolated from bovine mastitis in Brazil[J].Vet Microbiol,2013,167(3):708-712.
[25]Brouillette E,Talbot BG,Malouin F.The fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus may promote mammary gland colonization in a lactating mouse model of mastitis[J].Infect Immunity,2003,71(4):2292-2295.
[26]Barlow J.Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility:a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia,2011,16(4):383-407.
[27]Kasravi R,Bolourchi M,Farzaneh N,et al.Efficacy of conventional and extended intra-mammary treatment of persistent subclinical mastitis with cefquinome in lactating dairy cows[J].Trop Animal Health Prod,2011,43(6):1203-1210.
[28]El-Razik KAA,Abdelrahman KA,Abd SI,et al.New approach in diagnosis and treatment of bovine mycotic mastitis in Egypt[J].Afr J Microbiol Res,2011,5(31):5725-5732.
[29]Giannino ML,Aliprandi M,Feligini M,et al.A DNA array based assay for the characterization of microbial community in raw milk[J].J Microbiol Methods,2009,78(2):181-188.
[30]Rodriguez-Palacios A,Staempfli HR,Duffield T,et al.Isolation of bovine intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici with inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157and F5[J].J Appl Microbiol,2009,106(2):393-401.
[31]Sun P,Wang JQ,Zhang HT.Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[32]Armstrmstrong MJ,Pathmakanthan S,Iqbal TH.Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection[J].J Am Med Assoc,2015,313(7):725-726.
[33]Mcdonald LC,Owings M,Jernigan DB.Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals,1996–2003[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(3):409.
[34]Jarvis WR,Schlosser J,Jarvis AA,et al.National point prevalence of Clostridium difficile in US health care facility inpatients,2008[J].Am J Infect Control,2009,37(4):263-270.
[35]Ley RE,Bckhed F,Turnbaugh P,et al.Obesity alters gut microbial ecology[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A.2005,102(31):11070-11075.
[36]El Feghaly RE,Bangar H,Haslam DB.The molecular basis of Clostridium difficile disease and host response[J].Curr Opinion Gastroenterol,2015,31(1):24-29.
[37]Eiseman B,Silen W,Bascom GS,et al.Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis[J].Surgery,1958,44(5):854-859.
[38]Grehan MJ,Borody TJ,Leis SM,et al.Durable alteration of the colonic microbiota by the administration of donor fecal flora[J].J Clin Gastroenterol,2010,44(8):551-561.
[39]Angelberger S,Reinisch W,Makristathis A,et al.Temporal bacterial community dynamics vary among ulcerative colitis patients after fecal microbiota transplantation[J].Am Gastroenterol,2013,108(10):1620-1630.
[40]Johnsen J.Pathogenesis in immune thrombocytopenia:new insights[J].Hematology 2012,2012(1):306-312.
[41]Assy N,Rosenthal E,Hazani A,et al.Human parvovirus B19infection associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a child following liver transplantation[J].J Hepatol,1997,27(5):934–936.
[2]Valde JP,Lawson LG,Lindberg A,et al.Cumulative risk of bovine mastitis treatments in Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden[J].Acta Vet Scand,2004,45(3-4):201-210.
[3]Zadoks RN,Middleton JR,Mcdougall S,et al.Molecular epidemiology of mastitis pathogens of dairy cattle and comparative relevance to humans[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia,2011,16(4):357-372.
[4]Phiri AM,Muleya W,Mwape KE.Management of chronic gangrenous mastitis in a 3-year-old cow using partial(quarter)mastectomy[J].Trop Animal Health Prod,2010,42(6):1057-1061.
[5]Wolff C,Espetvedt M,Lind AK,et al.Completeness of the disease recording systems for dairy cows in Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden with special reference to clinical mastitis[J].BMC Vet Res,2012,8(1):131.
[6]T Halasa,K Huijps,Osters,et al.Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management:A review[J].Vet Q,2007,29(1):18-31.
[7]Malek dos Reis CB,Barreiro JR,Mestieri L,et al.Effect of somatic cell count and mastitis pathogens on milk composition in Gyr cows[J].BMC Vet Res,2013,9(1):1-7.
[8]González LA,Manteca X,Calsamiglia S,et al.Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle:Interplay between feed ingredients,rumen function and feeding behavior(a review)[J].Animal Feed Sci Technol,2012,172(1-2):66-79.
[9]Waltemyer JR,Hennings R,Hoostal MJ.Seasonal shifts in bacteria associated with Jersey cows on a small dairy farm and the potential for bedding choice and low levels of iodine use to inhibit mastitic pathogens[J].Prev Vet Med,2014,113(4):614-619.
[10]Newman KA,Rajala-Schultz PJ,Degraves FJ,et al.Association of milk yield and infection status at dry-off with intramammary infections at subsequent calving[J].J Dairy Res,2010,77(01):99-106.
[11]甘宗辉,张亚琴,冀德君,等.产犊月份与奶牛隐型乳房炎的发病及产奶量的关系研究[J].中国牛业科学,2013,39(1):25-29.
[12]Rasmussen DB,Fogsgaard K,Rntved CM,et al.Changes in thermal nociceptive responses in dairy cows following experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis[J].Acta Vet Scand,2011,53(1):32.
[13]Brouillette E,Grondin G,Talbot BG,et al.Inflammatory cell infiltration as an indicator of Staphylococcus aureus infection and therapeutic efficacy in experimental mouse mastitis[J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,2005,104(3):163-169.
[14]Fengyang L,Yunhe F,Bo L,et al.Stevioside suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion by downregulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells[J].Inflammation,2012,35(5):1669-1675.
[15]Verdiermetz I,Gagne G,Bornes S,et al.Cow teat skin,a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production[J].Appl Environm Microbiol,2012,78(2):326-333.
[16]Garmo RT,Waage S,Sviland S,et al.Reproductive performance,udder health,and antibiotic resistance in mastitis bacteria isolated from Norwegian Red cows in conventional and organic farming[J].Acta Vet Scand,2010,52(11):239.
[17]Ismail ZA,Dickinson C.Alterations in coagulation parameters in dairy cows affected with acute mastitis caused by E.coli and S.aureus pathogens[J].Vet Res Comm,2010,34(6):533-539.
[18]Hertl JA,Schukken YH,Welcome FL,et al.Pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2014,97(3):1465-1480.
[19]毛永江,陈莹,陈仁金,等.乳房炎对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(12):1787-1794.
[20]王旭荣,李宏胜,李建喜,等.奶牛临床型乳房炎的细菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(7):195-198.
[21]张寒琪,高健,吴桥兴,等.奶牛中型无绿藻性乳房炎[J].中国兽医杂志,2011,47(5):13-5.
[22]Zaini F,Kanani A,Falahati M,et al.Identification of Prototheca zopfii from bovine mastitis[J].Iran J Public Health,2012,41(8):84-88.
[23]Chang R,Yang Q,Liu G,et al.Treatment with gentamicin on a murine model of protothecal mastitis[J].Mycopathologia,2013,175(3-4):241-248.
[24]Condas LA,Ribeiro MG,Yazawa K,et al.Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia spp.isolated from bovine mastitis in Brazil[J].Vet Microbiol,2013,167(3):708-712.
[25]Brouillette E,Talbot BG,Malouin F.The fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus may promote mammary gland colonization in a lactating mouse model of mastitis[J].Infect Immunity,2003,71(4):2292-2295.
[26]Barlow J.Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility:a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia,2011,16(4):383-407.
[27]Kasravi R,Bolourchi M,Farzaneh N,et al.Efficacy of conventional and extended intra-mammary treatment of persistent subclinical mastitis with cefquinome in lactating dairy cows[J].Trop Animal Health Prod,2011,43(6):1203-1210.
[28]El-Razik KAA,Abdelrahman KA,Abd SI,et al.New approach in diagnosis and treatment of bovine mycotic mastitis in Egypt[J].Afr J Microbiol Res,2011,5(31):5725-5732.
[29]Giannino ML,Aliprandi M,Feligini M,et al.A DNA array based assay for the characterization of microbial community in raw milk[J].J Microbiol Methods,2009,78(2):181-188.
[30]Rodriguez-Palacios A,Staempfli HR,Duffield T,et al.Isolation of bovine intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici with inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157and F5[J].J Appl Microbiol,2009,106(2):393-401.
[31]Sun P,Wang JQ,Zhang HT.Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[32]Armstrmstrong MJ,Pathmakanthan S,Iqbal TH.Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection[J].J Am Med Assoc,2015,313(7):725-726.
[33]Mcdonald LC,Owings M,Jernigan DB.Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals,1996–2003[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(3):409.
[34]Jarvis WR,Schlosser J,Jarvis AA,et al.National point prevalence of Clostridium difficile in US health care facility inpatients,2008[J].Am J Infect Control,2009,37(4):263-270.
[35]Ley RE,Bckhed F,Turnbaugh P,et al.Obesity alters gut microbial ecology[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A.2005,102(31):11070-11075.
[36]El Feghaly RE,Bangar H,Haslam DB.The molecular basis of Clostridium difficile disease and host response[J].Curr Opinion Gastroenterol,2015,31(1):24-29.
[37]Eiseman B,Silen W,Bascom GS,et al.Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis[J].Surgery,1958,44(5):854-859.
[38]Grehan MJ,Borody TJ,Leis SM,et al.Durable alteration of the colonic microbiota by the administration of donor fecal flora[J].J Clin Gastroenterol,2010,44(8):551-561.
[39]Angelberger S,Reinisch W,Makristathis A,et al.Temporal bacterial community dynamics vary among ulcerative colitis patients after fecal microbiota transplantation[J].Am Gastroenterol,2013,108(10):1620-1630.
[40]Johnsen J.Pathogenesis in immune thrombocytopenia:new insights[J].Hematology 2012,2012(1):306-312.
[41]Assy N,Rosenthal E,Hazani A,et al.Human parvovirus B19infection associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a child following liver transplantation[J].J Hepatol,1997,27(5):934–936.