混合储能系统功率自主分频控制方法
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摘要
针对分布式电源出力间歇性与负载多变性的问题,储能成为直流微电网电压支撑与改善电能质量的重要途径.为了充分利用混合储能系统的优势,实现功率的合理分配,提出了一种适用于混合储能系统的功率自主分频控制方法,该方法通过在各储能单元下垂控制环中引入虚拟阻感或虚拟电容,重塑各变换器的等效输出阻抗值,从而实现了超级电容和蓄电池的优势互补.在负荷突变时,超级电容能快速吸收系统功率波动的高频部分,提高系统的动态响应;蓄电池则主要用来平衡系统功率波动的低频部分,延长蓄电池的使用寿命,从而保证系统稳定可靠运行.仿真验证了所提方法的正确性.
In view of the intermittent distributed power output and load variability,energy storage becomes an important way to support DC microgrid voltage and improve power quality. In order to make full use of the advantages of hybrid energy storage to achieve reasonable power distribution,an autonomous-frequency-split power control strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed. In this method,the equivalent output impedance of converters is reshaped by introducing the virtual impedance or virtual capacitor in the droop control. By this way,the advantages of supercapacitor and battery can be integrated. At the load mutation,supercapacitor rapidly absorbs the high-frequency component of power fluctuation to improve the dynamic respond speed. Meanwhile,battery is mainly used to balance the low-frequency power in order to extend the service life and ensure the reliable operation of system. The simulation verifies the correctness of the proposed method.
In view of the intermittent distributed power output and load variability,energy storage becomes an important way to support DC microgrid voltage and improve power quality. In order to make full use of the advantages of hybrid energy storage to achieve reasonable power distribution,an autonomous-frequency-split power control strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed. In this method,the equivalent output impedance of converters is reshaped by introducing the virtual impedance or virtual capacitor in the droop control. By this way,the advantages of supercapacitor and battery can be integrated. At the load mutation,supercapacitor rapidly absorbs the high-frequency component of power fluctuation to improve the dynamic respond speed. Meanwhile,battery is mainly used to balance the low-frequency power in order to extend the service life and ensure the reliable operation of system. The simulation verifies the correctness of the proposed method.
引文
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[15]张纯江,董杰,刘君,等.蓄电池与超级电容混合储能系统的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):334-340.ZHANG C J,DONG J,LIU J,et al.A control strategy for batteryultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):334-340.(In Chinese)
[16]ZHOU H,BHATTACHARYA T,TRAN D,et al.Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy management in microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):923-930.
[17]ITO Y,ZHONG Q Y,AKAGI H.DC microgrid based distribution power generation system[C]//Proceedings of Conference on the4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control.Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University,2004:1740-1745.
[18]谢玲玲,时斌,华国玉,等.基于改进下垂控制的分布式电源并联运行技术[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):992-998.XIE L L,SHI B,HUA G Y,et al.Parallel operation technology of distributed generations based on improved droop control[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):992-998.(In Chinese)
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[21]张国驹,唐西胜,齐智平.超级电容器与蓄电池混合储能系统在微网中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(12):85-89.ZHANG G J,TANG X S,QI Z P.Application of hybrid energy storage system of super-capacitors and batteries in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(12):85-89.(In Chinese)
[22]孟润泉,刘家赢,文波,等.直流微网混合储能控制及系统分层协调控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2186-2193.MENG R Q,LIU J Y,WEN B,et al.Hybrid energy storage control and system hierarchical coordinated control strategy for dc microgrids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2186-2193.(In Chinese)
[23]文波,秦文萍,韩肖清,等.基于电压下垂法的直流微电网混合储能系统控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(4):892-898.WEN B,QIN W P,HAN X Q,et al.Control strategy of hybrid energy storage systems in dc microgrid based on voltage droop method[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(4):892-898.(In Chinese)
[24]GU Y J,LI W H,HE X N.Frequency-coordinating virtual impedance for autonomous power management of dc microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):2328-2337.
[25]DAM D H,LEE H H.A power distributed control method for proportional load power sharing and bus voltage restoration in a dc microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Application,2018,54(4):3616-3625.
[2]SINGH R S S,ABBOD M,BALACHANDRAN W.A design scheme of control/optimization system for hybrid solar-wind and battery energy storages system[C]//2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference(UPEC).Portugal:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[3]JUSTO J J,MWASILU F,JU L,et al.AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources:a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,24:387-405.
[4]CHEN D,XU L.Autonomous DC voltage control of a DC microgrid with multiple slack terminals[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1897-1905.
[5]CHOI M E,KIM S W,SEO S W.Energy management optimizationin a battery/super capacitor hybrid energy storage system[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(1):463-472.
[6]王成山,洪博文,郭力.不同场景下光蓄微电网调度策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1776-1782.WANG C S,HONG B W,GUO L.Dispatch strategies of PV-battery microgrid in different scenarios[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1776-1782.(In Chinese)
[7]XU Y L,ZHANG W,HUG G,et al.Cooperative control of distributed energy storage systems in a microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(1):1-11.
[8]刘舒,李正力,王翼,等.含分布式发电的微电网中储能装置容量优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):78-84.LIU S,LI Z L,WANG Y,et al.Optimal capacity allocation of energy storage in micro-grid with distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):78-84.(In Chinese)
[9]李凡,张建成,朱立刚.平抑光伏功率波动的混合储能系统控制方法[J].电源技术,2016,40(2):397-399,472.LI F,ZHANG J C,ZHU L G.Control method of hybrid energy storage system for photovoltaic power balancing[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(2):397-399,472.(In Chinese)
[10]KAKIGANO H,NISHINO A,MIURA Y,et al.Distribution voltage control for DC microgrid by converters of energy storages considering the stored energy[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Cogress and Exposition.Atlanta:IEEE,2010:2851-2856.
[11]周小平,陈燕东,罗安,等.一种单相-三相混合微电网结构及其能量协调控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6759-6768,6930.ZHOU X P,CHEN Y D,LUO A,et al.A hybrid single-phase/three-phase microgrid structure and its energy coordinated control method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(24):6759-6768,6930.(In Chinese)
[12]程启明,徐聪,程尹曼,等.基于混合储能技术的光储式充电站直流微网系统协调控制[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2073-2083.CHENG Q M,XU C,CHENG Y M,et al.Coordination control of PVcharging station DC microgrid system based on hybrid energy storage technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2073-2083.(In Chinese)
[13]ALBERTO S,ALDO S,CONSTANTINA L.Power split strategies for hybrid energy storage systems for vehicular applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,258(15):395-407.
[14]熊雄,王江波,杨仁刚,等.微电网中混合储能模糊自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(3):677-681.XIONG X,WANG J B,YANG R G,et al.A fuzzy adaptive control strategy for composite energy storage system to cope with output power fluctuation of intermittent energy source in microgrid[J],Power System Technology,2015,39(3):677-681.(In Chinese)
[15]张纯江,董杰,刘君,等.蓄电池与超级电容混合储能系统的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):334-340.ZHANG C J,DONG J,LIU J,et al.A control strategy for batteryultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):334-340.(In Chinese)
[16]ZHOU H,BHATTACHARYA T,TRAN D,et al.Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy management in microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):923-930.
[17]ITO Y,ZHONG Q Y,AKAGI H.DC microgrid based distribution power generation system[C]//Proceedings of Conference on the4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control.Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University,2004:1740-1745.
[18]谢玲玲,时斌,华国玉,等.基于改进下垂控制的分布式电源并联运行技术[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):992-998.XIE L L,SHI B,HUA G Y,et al.Parallel operation technology of distributed generations based on improved droop control[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):992-998.(In Chinese)
[19]CHAUDHURI N R,CHAUDHURI B.Adaptive droop control for effective power sharing in multi-terminal DC(MTDC)grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):21-29.
[20]WU D,TANG F,GUERREROJM,et al.Autonomous active and reactive power distribution strategy in islanded microgrids[C]//Proceedings of Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC).Fort Worth:IEEE,2014:2126-2131.
[21]张国驹,唐西胜,齐智平.超级电容器与蓄电池混合储能系统在微网中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(12):85-89.ZHANG G J,TANG X S,QI Z P.Application of hybrid energy storage system of super-capacitors and batteries in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(12):85-89.(In Chinese)
[22]孟润泉,刘家赢,文波,等.直流微网混合储能控制及系统分层协调控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2186-2193.MENG R Q,LIU J Y,WEN B,et al.Hybrid energy storage control and system hierarchical coordinated control strategy for dc microgrids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2186-2193.(In Chinese)
[23]文波,秦文萍,韩肖清,等.基于电压下垂法的直流微电网混合储能系统控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(4):892-898.WEN B,QIN W P,HAN X Q,et al.Control strategy of hybrid energy storage systems in dc microgrid based on voltage droop method[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(4):892-898.(In Chinese)
[24]GU Y J,LI W H,HE X N.Frequency-coordinating virtual impedance for autonomous power management of dc microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):2328-2337.
[25]DAM D H,LEE H H.A power distributed control method for proportional load power sharing and bus voltage restoration in a dc microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Application,2018,54(4):3616-3625.