夏季北极Kings Bay海域中型浮游动物群落特征
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摘要
中型浮游动物是北极海域生态系统的重要组成成分,在生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。2017年8月,调查了北极Svalbard地区Kings Bay海域中型浮游动物的种类组成及群落特征。结果表明:Kings Bay海域共检出中型浮游动物19种,桡足类是最主要类群,占总种类的57.9%,浮游动物的种类数从湾口到湾顶总体呈现逐渐减少的趋势;浮游动物的优势种为隐长腹剑水蚤(Oithona decipiens)、飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)和短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis),占浮游动物群落丰度比分别为48.0%、6.1%和4.3%,隐长腹剑水蚤占绝对优势;各站位三者丰度之和占比均超过47%;浮游动物丰度和湿重生物量均值分别为1241.5 ind·m~(-3)和290.8 mg·m~(-3),丰度分布趋势主要受优势种丰度影响,总体呈现为湾口到湾顶逐渐增多的趋势,生物量分布整体差异不大,湾顶稍高于湾口;该海域浮游动物生物多样度、均匀度和丰富度指数均值分别为2.36、0.57和1.65,湾内浮游动物多样度和丰富度差别不大,湾口浮游动物的多样度和丰富度稍高于湾内区域;被囊动物(Tunicata)和腔肠动物(Coelenterata)主要在靠近湾口区域出现,与湾口水系复杂、受北大西洋暖流等影响较大有关;湾内浮游动物丰度高于湾口,与"气候变暖—海冰融化—湾内外源营养物质增加—浮游植物增多—浮游动物生长繁殖提升"这一连锁反应有关。
Mesozooplankton,important component of Arctic ecosystems,play key roles in the biogeochemical cycles. The species composition and community characteristics of mesozooplankton were surveyed in Kings Bay area of Svalbard in August 2017. Results showed that 19 species of mesozooplankton were recorded. Copepods were the dominant group,accounting for 57.9% of the total mesozooplankton species. The species number of mesozooplankton gradually decreased from the mouth of the bay to the inside of the bay. The dominant species of mesozooplankton were Oithona decipiens,Calanus finmarchicus and Oithona brevicornis,accounting for 48. 0%,6. 1%and 4.3% of the total abundance,respectively. The abundance of those three species accounted for more than 47% of total mesozooplankton abundance in each sampling station. The mean abundance and wet biomass of zooplankton were 1241.5 ind·m-3 and 290.8 mg·m-3,respectively.The mesozooplankton abundance,which was mainly influenced by dominant species,increased from the mouth of the bay to the inside of the bay. The mean Shannon diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index of mesozooplankton were 2. 36,0. 57 and 1. 65,respectively. Tunicata and Coelenterata occurred mainly in the mouth of the bay,which might be influenced by the north Atlantic current. The abundance of mesozooplankton was higher in the inside of the bay than in the mouth of the bay,possibly linked to the ecological chain reaction of climate change.
Mesozooplankton,important component of Arctic ecosystems,play key roles in the biogeochemical cycles. The species composition and community characteristics of mesozooplankton were surveyed in Kings Bay area of Svalbard in August 2017. Results showed that 19 species of mesozooplankton were recorded. Copepods were the dominant group,accounting for 57.9% of the total mesozooplankton species. The species number of mesozooplankton gradually decreased from the mouth of the bay to the inside of the bay. The dominant species of mesozooplankton were Oithona decipiens,Calanus finmarchicus and Oithona brevicornis,accounting for 48. 0%,6. 1%and 4.3% of the total abundance,respectively. The abundance of those three species accounted for more than 47% of total mesozooplankton abundance in each sampling station. The mean abundance and wet biomass of zooplankton were 1241.5 ind·m-3 and 290.8 mg·m-3,respectively.The mesozooplankton abundance,which was mainly influenced by dominant species,increased from the mouth of the bay to the inside of the bay. The mean Shannon diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index of mesozooplankton were 2. 36,0. 57 and 1. 65,respectively. Tunicata and Coelenterata occurred mainly in the mouth of the bay,which might be influenced by the north Atlantic current. The abundance of mesozooplankton was higher in the inside of the bay than in the mouth of the bay,possibly linked to the ecological chain reaction of climate change.
引文
戴聪杰.2005.极地近海微食物环的主要类群组成及其功能(博士学位论文).厦门:厦门大学.
高倩,徐佳奕,徐兆礼,等.2015.中国不同纬度河口春季浮游动物优势种比较.生态学杂志,34(4):1066-1071.
高小艳.2011.北极海域微型浮游真核生物的多样性、生态分布及微微型青绿藻的生态地位(硕士学位论文).武汉:华中农业大学.
黄凤鹏,吴宝铃.1992.南极长城湾及其附近水域浮游动物的种类组成和数量变化.南极研究:中文版,4(4):40-46.
林景宏,戴燕玉,张金标,等.2001.夏季楚科奇海浮游动物的生态特征.极地研究,13(2):107-116.
刘爱原,林荣澄,郭玉清.2015.全球北极底栖生物研究文献计量分析.生态学报,35(9):2789-2799.
马克平.1994.生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
石涵琨,罗玮,高颖,等.2013.夏季北极斯瓦尔巴群岛周边海域微型浮游生物群落分布特征及环境影响初探.海洋开发与管理,(1):40-45.
王利,陈剑锋,李芸,等.2018.水体光照强度对沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,39(3):44-51.
徐志强,张光涛,孙松.2016.2012年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落特征.极地研究,28(2):181-193.
张晔,李超伦,刘梦坛,等.2016.南极夏季南设得兰群岛周边海域浮游动物优势种群的分布、丰度及种群结构分析.海洋与湖沼,47(5):945-953.
张光涛,孙松.2011.2003年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落结构和地理分布研究.海洋学报,33(2):146-156.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2007.中华人民共和国国家标准《海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T 12763-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
Ashjian CJ,Campbell RG,Welch HE,et al.2003.Annual cycle in abundance,distribution and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,50:1235-1261.
Beaugrand G,Ibanez F,Lindley JA.2001.Geographical distribution and seasonal and diel changes in the diversity of calanoid copepods in the North Atlantic and North Sea.Marine Ecology Progress Series,219:189-203.
Boltovskoy D,Vivequin SM,Swanberg NR.1991.Vertical distribution of tintinnids and associated microplankton in the upper layer of the Barents Sea.Sarsia,76:141-151.
Feng MP,Zhang WC,Xiao T.2014.Spatial and temporal distribution of tintinnid(Ciliophora:Tintinnida)communities in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard(Arctic),during summer.Polar Biology,37:291-296.
Hopcroft RR,Clarke C,Nelson RJ,et al.2005.Zooplankton communities of the Arctic’s Canada Basin:The contribution by smaller taxa.Polar Biology,28:198-206.
Johnson MW.1956.The plankton of the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea areas of the Arctic and its relation to the hydrography.Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper,1:600-630.
Matsuno K,Yamaguchi A,Hirawake T,et al.2011.Year-toyear changes of the mesozooplankton community in the Chukchi Sea during summers of 1991-1992 and 2007-2008.Polar Biology,34:1349-1360.
Wang R,Zhang HY,Wang K,et al.2002.Function role of small copepods in marine ecosystem.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,5:453-460.
高倩,徐佳奕,徐兆礼,等.2015.中国不同纬度河口春季浮游动物优势种比较.生态学杂志,34(4):1066-1071.
高小艳.2011.北极海域微型浮游真核生物的多样性、生态分布及微微型青绿藻的生态地位(硕士学位论文).武汉:华中农业大学.
黄凤鹏,吴宝铃.1992.南极长城湾及其附近水域浮游动物的种类组成和数量变化.南极研究:中文版,4(4):40-46.
林景宏,戴燕玉,张金标,等.2001.夏季楚科奇海浮游动物的生态特征.极地研究,13(2):107-116.
刘爱原,林荣澄,郭玉清.2015.全球北极底栖生物研究文献计量分析.生态学报,35(9):2789-2799.
马克平.1994.生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
石涵琨,罗玮,高颖,等.2013.夏季北极斯瓦尔巴群岛周边海域微型浮游生物群落分布特征及环境影响初探.海洋开发与管理,(1):40-45.
王利,陈剑锋,李芸,等.2018.水体光照强度对沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,39(3):44-51.
徐志强,张光涛,孙松.2016.2012年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落特征.极地研究,28(2):181-193.
张晔,李超伦,刘梦坛,等.2016.南极夏季南设得兰群岛周边海域浮游动物优势种群的分布、丰度及种群结构分析.海洋与湖沼,47(5):945-953.
张光涛,孙松.2011.2003年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落结构和地理分布研究.海洋学报,33(2):146-156.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2007.中华人民共和国国家标准《海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T 12763-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
Ashjian CJ,Campbell RG,Welch HE,et al.2003.Annual cycle in abundance,distribution and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,50:1235-1261.
Beaugrand G,Ibanez F,Lindley JA.2001.Geographical distribution and seasonal and diel changes in the diversity of calanoid copepods in the North Atlantic and North Sea.Marine Ecology Progress Series,219:189-203.
Boltovskoy D,Vivequin SM,Swanberg NR.1991.Vertical distribution of tintinnids and associated microplankton in the upper layer of the Barents Sea.Sarsia,76:141-151.
Feng MP,Zhang WC,Xiao T.2014.Spatial and temporal distribution of tintinnid(Ciliophora:Tintinnida)communities in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard(Arctic),during summer.Polar Biology,37:291-296.
Hopcroft RR,Clarke C,Nelson RJ,et al.2005.Zooplankton communities of the Arctic’s Canada Basin:The contribution by smaller taxa.Polar Biology,28:198-206.
Johnson MW.1956.The plankton of the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea areas of the Arctic and its relation to the hydrography.Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper,1:600-630.
Matsuno K,Yamaguchi A,Hirawake T,et al.2011.Year-toyear changes of the mesozooplankton community in the Chukchi Sea during summers of 1991-1992 and 2007-2008.Polar Biology,34:1349-1360.
Wang R,Zhang HY,Wang K,et al.2002.Function role of small copepods in marine ecosystem.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,5:453-460.