振动时效对铝板表面应力松弛均匀性的实验设计与分析
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摘要
通过对7075铝板进行振动时效(VSR)实验研究,观察其对材料表面应力松弛的影响。采用振动模态仿真和X-ray应力测试,对材料表面应力分布、应力释放状况及其均匀化应对策略进行实验分析。结果显示:VSR在振动台第5阶固有频率亚共振区开始,对试样造成表面应力松弛,在距离振幅最小的节线远端,应力释放率最大达到18.7%,而靠近节线处,应力松弛效果减弱,只有4.1%,说明振动时效下材料表面应力松弛出现不均匀。根据平台振型弯曲变形特点,提出位置交叉时效方法,以促使激振能均匀分配于材料表面。实验结果表明,铝板表面应力松弛波动由原来的14.6%降到了6.5%,应力分布不均匀得到明显改善,验证了位置交叉VSR方法的可行性,对VSR解决轻质结构零件应力均化问题具有参考作用。
The effect of stress relaxation on the surface stress of materials was investigated by experiments of vibration stress relief(VSR) for a 7075 Al-base alloy thin plate. The surface stress distribution, stress relaxation uniformity and handling strategies were analysed by vibration simulations and X-ray stress measurements. The experiments show that the effective VSR starts from the sub-resonance region of 5 th order natural frequency of the vibrating plate, and the VSR causes the surface stress relaxation which is of non-uniformity along the normal direction of pitch line of zero amplitude. The max stress relaxation ratio(SRR) is 18.7% in the places far away from the pitch line, but the min SRR is 4.1% in the places close to the pitch line. According to the harmonic character of vibration mode, the cross-position VSR method was proposed to balance the vibration energy on the surface of samples. The further experimental results show that the uniformity of stress relaxation is greatly improved, the fluctuation of SRR is reduced from previous 14.6% down to present 6.5%, which means the method is practical. The VSR method can also be applied to other lightweight thin-walled components.
The effect of stress relaxation on the surface stress of materials was investigated by experiments of vibration stress relief(VSR) for a 7075 Al-base alloy thin plate. The surface stress distribution, stress relaxation uniformity and handling strategies were analysed by vibration simulations and X-ray stress measurements. The experiments show that the effective VSR starts from the sub-resonance region of 5 th order natural frequency of the vibrating plate, and the VSR causes the surface stress relaxation which is of non-uniformity along the normal direction of pitch line of zero amplitude. The max stress relaxation ratio(SRR) is 18.7% in the places far away from the pitch line, but the min SRR is 4.1% in the places close to the pitch line. According to the harmonic character of vibration mode, the cross-position VSR method was proposed to balance the vibration energy on the surface of samples. The further experimental results show that the uniformity of stress relaxation is greatly improved, the fluctuation of SRR is reduced from previous 14.6% down to present 6.5%, which means the method is practical. The VSR method can also be applied to other lightweight thin-walled components.
引文
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[2] 张峥.飞机弱刚性铝合金结构件的残余应力和加工变形控制技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2016.
[3] 刘兵,彭超群,王日初,等.大飞机用铝合金的研究现状及展望[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(9):1705-1715.LIU Bing,PENG Chaoqun,WANG Richu,et al.Recent development and prospects for giant plane aluminum alloys[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(9):1705-1715.
[4] 王民,刘宇男,孙国智,等.初始残余应力和切削残余应力对薄壁件加工变形的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2017,43(7):55-61.WANG Min,LIU Yunnan,SUN Guozhi,et al.Influence of initial residual stress and cutting stress on machining deformation of thin-walled parts[J].Jounal of Beijing University of Technology,2017,43(7):55-61.
[5] 宋寒.7055机翼壁板加工变形研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015.
[6] 刘春泽,杨雪梅,周红生,等.振动时效技术研究进展[J].声学技术,2017,36(1):42-49.LIU Chunze,YANG Xuemei,ZHOU Hongsheng,et al.Review of vibration stress relief technology[J].Technical Acoustics,2017,36(1):42-49.
[7] SINGH A,AGRAWAL A.Investigation of surface residual stress distribution in deformation machining process for aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015,225:195-202.
[8] BEDDOES J.Design of solution heat treatments for aerospace alloys[J].Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,2011,50(3):215-221.
[9] ZHANG K,ZHOU Y,ZHAO S,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation of thickness effect on residual stress measurement[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,32(14):1495-1504.
[10] THAIWATTHANA S,JANTAPING N,LIMTHONGKUL P.Residual stress measurement of low temperature plasma surface alloyed layer using X-ray diffraction techniques[J].Surface Engineering,2012,28(4):273-276.
[11] PRIME M B,HILL M R.Uncertainty analysis,model error,and order selection for series-expanded,residual-stress inverse solutions[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2006,11:175-185.
[12] 韩冬,谭明华,王伟明,等.振动时效技术的研究及发展[J].机床与液压,2007,35(7):225-228.HAN Dong,TAN Minghua,WANG Weiming,et al.Research and development of vibratory stress relief[J].Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2007,35(7):225-228.
[13] 张清东,曾杰伟,罗晓明,等.高强度钢板残余应力振动时效消减技术试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(1):86-92.ZHANG Qingdong,ZENG Jiewei,LUO Xiaoming,et al.Experimental study on residual stress reduction for the high-strength steel based on vibration stress relief[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(1):86-92
[14] SAMRDZIC I,VUHERER T,MARIC D,et al.Influence of vibrations on residual stresses distribution in welded joints[J].Metalurgija,2015,54(3):527-530.
[15] 顾邦平,孔德军,赖金涛,等.高频振动能量放大装置的优化设计与实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(12):243-248.GU Bangping,KONG Dejun,LAI Jintao,et al.Optimization design and experimental study of a high-frequency vibration energy amplification device[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(12):243-248.
[16] 刘晓丹,陶兴华,韩振强.振动时效工艺在消除膨胀波纹管残余应力中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(4):171-174.LIU Xiaodan,TAO Xinghua,HAN Zhenqiang.Application of vibratory stress relief in relaxation of residual stress for expandable corrugated liners[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(4):171-174.
[17] WANG J S,HSIEH C C,LIN C M,et al.The relationships between residual stress relaxation and texture development in AZ31 Mg alloys via the vibratory stress relief technique[J].Materials Characterization,2015,99:248-253.
[18] WANG J S,HSIEH C C,LIN C M,et al.Texture evolution and residual stress relaxation in a cold-rolled Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy using vibratory stress relief technique[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2013,44(1):806-818.
[19] DAWSON R,MOFFAT D G.Vibratory stress relief:a fundamental study of its effectiveness[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,1980,102(2):169-176.
[20] KUO C W,YANG S M,CHEN J H,et al.Study of vibration welding mechanism[J].Science & Technology of Welding & Joining,2008,13(4):357-362.
[21] WU W,HWU L Y,LIN D Y,et al.The relationship between alloying elements and retained austenite in martensitic stainless steel welds[J].Scripta Materialia,2000,42(11):1071-1076.
[22] 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,中国国家标准化管理委员会.振动时效效果评定方法:JB/T 5926—2005 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.