SD大鼠心血管系统的工频磁场暴露实验研究
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摘要
为探讨长时间低磁感应强度的工频磁场暴露对SD大鼠心血管系统可能的影响,将128只SD大鼠随机均分为4组,其中3组设为暴露组,每天暴露于专门的工频磁场暴露系统中20 h时间,共持续24周时间,磁感应强度分别为30μT、100μT和500μT;另外1组设为对照组,除不进行工频磁场暴露之外,其他环境条件均与暴露组的相同;在暴露期间,每隔4周时间测量血压,24周时间后进行超声心动图、心导管及心电图测试;记录心脏质量和体质量,进行苏木精–伊红染色和实时定量荧光PCR(polymerase chain reaction)。研究结果表明:暴露组与对照组相比,磁感应强度为30μT、100μT和500μT的工频磁场暴露对SD大鼠的血压、脉率、心率和心律均无影响;超声心动图和心导管检查结果表明暴露组与对照组的SD大鼠心脏形态和血流动力学均无显著差异;组织病理学检查结果表明磁感应强度为30μT、100μT和500μT的工频磁场暴露对SD大鼠心脏结构均无影响;磁感应强度为30μT、100μT和500μT的工频磁场暴露组与对照组的SD大鼠心肌肥厚相关基因的表达均无显著性差异。总之,在磁感应强度为30μT、100μT和500μT的工频磁场中暴露24周时间,对SD大鼠心血管系统均没有明显的影响。
In order to explore the possible effect of power frequency magnetic field exposure of long-term low magnetic induction intensity on the cardiovascular system in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, 128 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. 3 groups of SD rats were exposed to the power frequency magnetic field with 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT for 24 weeks in specialized magnetic field exposure system, 20 h per day. Except for not being exposed to the frequency magnetic field, the control group had the same environmental conditions. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks. After 24 weeks, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and electrocardiography were performed. Heart and body weight were recorded, and haematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) were conducted. The results of the experiments showed that compared with the control group, exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field did not exert any effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate or cardiac rhythm. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology or haemodynamics. In addition, histopathological examination showed that exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field had no effects on the structure of the heart. Finally, expression of the cardiac hypertrophy-related genes did not show any significant differences between the 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field exposure groups and the control group. In SD rats, exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT power frequency magnetic field for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system.
In order to explore the possible effect of power frequency magnetic field exposure of long-term low magnetic induction intensity on the cardiovascular system in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, 128 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. 3 groups of SD rats were exposed to the power frequency magnetic field with 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT for 24 weeks in specialized magnetic field exposure system, 20 h per day. Except for not being exposed to the frequency magnetic field, the control group had the same environmental conditions. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks. After 24 weeks, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and electrocardiography were performed. Heart and body weight were recorded, and haematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) were conducted. The results of the experiments showed that compared with the control group, exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field did not exert any effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate or cardiac rhythm. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology or haemodynamics. In addition, histopathological examination showed that exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field had no effects on the structure of the heart. Finally, expression of the cardiac hypertrophy-related genes did not show any significant differences between the 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT magnetic field exposure groups and the control group. In SD rats, exposure to 30 μT, 100 μT and 500 μT power frequency magnetic field for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system.
引文
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[26]National Institutes of Health.Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals[S].Washington DC,USA:NIH Publication,1996.
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[28]YAN M,CHEN C,GONG W,et al.Mi R-21-3p regulates cardiac hypertrophic response by targeting histone deacetylase-8[J].Cardi-ovascular Research,2015,105(3):340-352.
[29]CHEN C,WANG Y,YANG S,et al.Mi R-320a contributes to atherogenesis by augmenting multiple risk factors and downregulating SRF[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2015,19(5):970-985.
[30]GHULE A E,KANDHARE A D,JADHAV S S,et al.Omega-3-fatty acid adds to the protective effect of flax lignan concentrate in pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis[J].International Immunopharmacology,2015,28(1):751-763.
[31]MERRITT R,PURCELL C,STROINK G.Uniform magnetic field produced by three,four,and five square coils[J].The Review of Scientific Instruments,1983,54(7):879-882.
[32]SHIGEMITSU T,TAKESHITA K,SHIGA Y,et al.50-Hz magnetic field exposure system for small animals[J].Bioelectromagnetics,1993,14:107-116.
[33]PATTERSON R C,DIETRICH F M.Small animal electric and magnetic field exposure systems.final report[R].Palo Alto,USA:Electric Power Research Institute,1993.
[34]KORPINEN L,PARTANEN J.Influence of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields on the pulse rate of human heart[J].Bioelectromagnetics,1994,15(6):503-512.
[35]曲敏,毕卓悦,唐雨萌,等.生物电磁技术应用及其相关健康风险评估对策[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2625-2634.QU Min,BI Zhuoyue,TANG Yumeng,et al.Application of bio-electromagnetic technique and its related health risk assessment strategy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2625-2634.
[36]TASSET I,MEDINA F J,JIMENA I,et al.Neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a Huntington’s disease rat model:effects on neurotrophic factors and neuronal density[J].Neuroscience,2012,209:54-63.
[2]R??SLI M.Health effects of electromagnetic fields[J].Therapeutische Umschau,2013,70(12):733-738.
[3]International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection.Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields(1 Hz to 100 k Hz)[J].Health Physics,2010,99(6):818-836.
[4]包家立.极低频电磁场的健康效应[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2550-2561.BAO Jiali.Health effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2550-2561.
[5]郑秀秀,包家立,朱朝阳.电磁场扰动下的细胞系统鲁棒性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3837-3845.ZHENG Xiuxiu,BAO Jiali,ZHU Chaoyang.Robustness on cell system after an electromagnetic fields disturbance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(12):3837-3845.
[6]ZHANG Y,LAI J,RUAN G,et al.Meta-analysis of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer risk:a pooled analysis of epidemiologic studies[J].Environment International,2016,88:36-43.
[7]CHEN Q,LANG L,WU W,et al.A meta-analysis on the relationship between exposure to ELF-EMFs and the risk of female breast cancer[J].The Public Library of Science One,2013,8(7):e69272.
[8]郏自明,孙凡中,杨文祥,等.大功率医用钬激光治疗机治疗犬膀胱结石的组织安全性评价[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3799-3807.JIA Ziming,SUN Fanzhong,YANG Wenxiang,et al.Organize safety evaluation of high power medical holmium laser therapeutic machine on canine bladderlithotripsy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(12):3799-3807.
[9]AL-AKHRAS M A,DARMANI H,ELBETIEHA A.Influence of 50Hz magnetic field on sex hormones and other fertility parameters of adult male rats[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2006,27(2):127-131.
[10]VALLEJO D,HIDALGO M A.Growth variations in OF1 mice following chronic exposure of parental and filial generations to a 15μT,50 Hz magnetic field[J].Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,2012,31(1):19-33.
[11]HUUSKONEN H,SAASTAMOINEN V,KOMULAINEN H,et al.Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on implantation in rats[J].Reproductive Toxicology,2001,15(1):49-59.
[12]SOBEL E,DAVANIPOUR Z,SULKAVA R,et al.Occupations with exposure to electromagnetic fields:a possible risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease[J].American Journal of Epidemiology,1995,142(5):515-524.
[13]REALE M,KAMAL M A,PATRUNO A,et al.Neuronal cellular responses to extremely low frequency lectromagnetic field exposure:implications regarding oxidative stress and neurodegeneration[J].The Public Library of Science One,2014,9(8):e104973.
[14]MCNAMEE D A,LEGROS A G,KREWSKI D R,et al.A literature review:the cardiovascular effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2009,82(8):919-933.
[15]ELMAS O,COMLEKCI S,KOYLU H.Effects of short-term exposure to powerline-frequency electromagnetic field on the electrical activity of the heart[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2012,67(2):65-71.
[16]SCHMID-SCH?NBEIN G W.Biomechanics of microcirculatory blood perfusion[J].Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering,1999,1(1):73-102.
[17]World Health Organization.Extremely low frequency fields:environmental health criteria monograph No.238[S].Geneva,Switzerland:World Health Organization,2007.
[18]GHIONE S,SEPPIA C D,MEZZASALMA L,et al.Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on electroencephalographic alpha activity,dental pain threshold and cardiovascular parameters in humans[J].Neuroscience Letters,2005,382(1):112-117.
[19]KORPINEN L,PARTANEN J.Influence of 50-Hz electric and magnetic fields on human blood pressure[J].Radiation and Environmental Biophysics,1996,35:199-204.
[20]GRAHAM C,SASTRE A,COOK M R,et al.Exposure to strong ELF magnetic fields does not alter cardiac autonomic control mechanisms[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2000,21:413-421.
[21]KNAVE B,GAMBERALE F,BERGSTR?M S,et al.Long-term exposure to electric fields:a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of occupationally exposed workers in high-voltage substations[J].Scandinavian Journal of Work,Environment&Health,1979,5:115-125.
[22]CHECCUCCI A.An epidemiological investigation of HV substation workers:study design and preliminary results[M].New York,USA:Plenum Press,1985:557-569.
[23]BARONCELLI P,BATTISTI S,CHECCUCCI A,et al.A health examination of railway high-voltage substation workers exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields[J].American Journal of Industrial Medicine,1986,10(1):45-55.
[24]International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric,magnetic,and electromagnetic fields(up to 300 GHz)[J].Health Physics,1998,75(4):494-522.
[25]国家环境保护总局.500 k V超高压送变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价技术规范:HJ/T 24—1998[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA).Technical regulations on environmental impact assessment of electromagnetic radiation produced by 500 k V ultrahigh voltage transmission and transfer power engineering:HJ/T 24—1998[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,1998.
[26]National Institutes of Health.Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals[S].Washington DC,USA:NIH Publication,1996.
[27]HILL W A.Public health service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals[S].Washington DC,USA:Department of Health and Human Services,1986.
[28]YAN M,CHEN C,GONG W,et al.Mi R-21-3p regulates cardiac hypertrophic response by targeting histone deacetylase-8[J].Cardi-ovascular Research,2015,105(3):340-352.
[29]CHEN C,WANG Y,YANG S,et al.Mi R-320a contributes to atherogenesis by augmenting multiple risk factors and downregulating SRF[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2015,19(5):970-985.
[30]GHULE A E,KANDHARE A D,JADHAV S S,et al.Omega-3-fatty acid adds to the protective effect of flax lignan concentrate in pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis[J].International Immunopharmacology,2015,28(1):751-763.
[31]MERRITT R,PURCELL C,STROINK G.Uniform magnetic field produced by three,four,and five square coils[J].The Review of Scientific Instruments,1983,54(7):879-882.
[32]SHIGEMITSU T,TAKESHITA K,SHIGA Y,et al.50-Hz magnetic field exposure system for small animals[J].Bioelectromagnetics,1993,14:107-116.
[33]PATTERSON R C,DIETRICH F M.Small animal electric and magnetic field exposure systems.final report[R].Palo Alto,USA:Electric Power Research Institute,1993.
[34]KORPINEN L,PARTANEN J.Influence of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields on the pulse rate of human heart[J].Bioelectromagnetics,1994,15(6):503-512.
[35]曲敏,毕卓悦,唐雨萌,等.生物电磁技术应用及其相关健康风险评估对策[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2625-2634.QU Min,BI Zhuoyue,TANG Yumeng,et al.Application of bio-electromagnetic technique and its related health risk assessment strategy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2625-2634.
[36]TASSET I,MEDINA F J,JIMENA I,et al.Neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a Huntington’s disease rat model:effects on neurotrophic factors and neuronal density[J].Neuroscience,2012,209:54-63.