Assessment of agri-spillways as a soil erosion protection measure in Mediterranean sloping vineyards
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摘要
Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s~(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s~(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l~(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.
Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s~(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s~(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l~(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.
Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s~(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s~(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l~(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.
引文
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Blavet D,De Noni G,Le Bissonnais Y,et al.(2009)Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards.Soil&Tillage Research 106:124-136.DOI:10.1016/j.still.2009.04.010
Bogunovic I,Pereira P,Brevik EC(2017)Spatial distribution of soil chemical properties in an organic farm in Croatia.Sciences of the Total Environment 584:535-545.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.062
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Dabney SM,Yoder DC,Ferruzzi GG(2014)Forage Harvest Representation in RUSLE2.Agronomy Journal 106:151-167.DOI:10.2134/agronj2013.0059
Dabney SM,Yoder DC,Vieira DAN(2012)The application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation,Version 2,to evaluate the impacts of alternative climate change scenarios on runoff and sediment yield.Journal of Soil Water Conservation 67(5):343-353.DOI:10.2489/jswc.67.5.343
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Galati A,Gristina L,Crescimanno M,et al.(2015)Towards More Efficient Incentives for Agri-environment Measures in Degraded and Eroded Vineyards.Land Degradation&Development 26:557-564.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2389
García-Díaz A,Allas RB,Gristina L,et al.(2016)Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards.Geoderma 271:144-149.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.020
García-Díaz A,Bienes R,Sastre B,et al.(2017)Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover.A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environments 236:256-267.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.013
Giménez-Morera A,Ruiz Sinoga JD,CerdàA(2010)The impact of cotton geotextiles on soil and water losses from Mediterranean rainfed agricultural land.Land Degradation&Development 21:210-217.DOI:10.1002/ldr.971
Hacisalihoglu S(2007)Determination of soil erosion in a steep hill slope with different land-use types:a case study in Mertesdorf(Ruwertal/Germany).Journal of Environmental Biology 28:433-438
H?nsel P,Schindewolf M,Eltner A,et al.(2016)Feasibility of high-resolution soil erosion measurements by means of rainfall simulations and Sf M photogrammetry.Hydrology3:38.DOI:10.3390/hydrology3040038
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Katebikord A,Darvishan AK,Alavi SJ Changeability of soil erosion variables in small field plots from different rainfall durations with constant intensity.Journal of Africa Earth Sciences In press.DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.026
Khaledian Y,Kiani F,Ebrahimi S,et al.(2017)Assessment and monitoring of soil degradation during land use change using multivariate analysis.Land Degradation&Development28:128-141.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2541
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Marques MJ,Bienes R,Cuadrado J,et al.(2015)Analysing perceptions attitudes and responses of winegrowers about sustainable land management in Central Spain.Land Degradation&Development 26:458-467.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2355
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Martínez-Murillo JF,Nadal-Romero E,Regüés D,et al.(2013)Soil erosion and hydrology of the western Mediterranean badlands throughout rainfall simulation experiments:Areview.Catena 106:101-112.DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.001
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Blavet D,De Noni G,Le Bissonnais Y,et al.(2009)Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards.Soil&Tillage Research 106:124-136.DOI:10.1016/j.still.2009.04.010
Bogunovic I,Pereira P,Brevik EC(2017)Spatial distribution of soil chemical properties in an organic farm in Croatia.Sciences of the Total Environment 584:535-545.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.062
Bryan RB(2000)Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslope.Geomorphology 32:385-415.DOI:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00105-1
Buczko U,Bens O,Hüttl RF(2006)Tillage effects on hydraulic properties and macroporosity in silty and sandy soils.Soil Sciences Society of America Journal 70(6):1998-2007.DOI:10.2136/sssaj2006.0046
CerdàA(1999)Parent material and vegetation affect soil erosion in Eastern Spain.Soil Sciences Society of America Journal 63(2):362-368.DOI:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300 020014x
CerdàA,Giménez Morera A,García Orenes F,et al.(2014)The impact of abandonment of traditional flood irrigated citrus orchards on soil infiltration and organic matter.In:Arnáez J,González-Sampériz P,Lasanta T,et al.(eds).Geoecología,cambio ambiental y paisaje:homenaje al profesor JoséMaría García Ruiz.Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología,Zaragoza.pp267-276
Cerdan O,Govers G,Le Bissonnais Y,et al.(2010)Rates and spatial variations of soil erosion in Europe:A study based on erosion plot data.Geomorphology 122:167-177.DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.06.011
Chevigny E,Quiquerez A,Petit C,et al.(2014)Lithology,landscape structure and management practice changes:Key factors patterning vineyard soil erosion at metre-scale spatial resolution.Catena 121:354-364.DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2014.05.022
Dabney SM,Yoder DC,Ferruzzi GG(2014)Forage Harvest Representation in RUSLE2.Agronomy Journal 106:151-167.DOI:10.2134/agronj2013.0059
Dabney SM,Yoder DC,Vieira DAN(2012)The application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation,Version 2,to evaluate the impacts of alternative climate change scenarios on runoff and sediment yield.Journal of Soil Water Conservation 67(5):343-353.DOI:10.2489/jswc.67.5.343
Davies BE(1974)Loss-on-ignition as an estimate of soil organic matter.Soil Sciences Society of America Journal 38(1):150-151.DOI:10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800010046x
Fox DM,Bryan RB(2000)The relationship of soil loss by interrill erosion to slope gradient.Catena 38(3):211-222.DOI:10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00072-7
Galati A,Gristina L,Crescimanno M,et al.(2015)Towards More Efficient Incentives for Agri-environment Measures in Degraded and Eroded Vineyards.Land Degradation&Development 26:557-564.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2389
García-Díaz A,Allas RB,Gristina L,et al.(2016)Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards.Geoderma 271:144-149.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.020
García-Díaz A,Bienes R,Sastre B,et al.(2017)Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover.A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environments 236:256-267.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.013
Giménez-Morera A,Ruiz Sinoga JD,CerdàA(2010)The impact of cotton geotextiles on soil and water losses from Mediterranean rainfed agricultural land.Land Degradation&Development 21:210-217.DOI:10.1002/ldr.971
Hacisalihoglu S(2007)Determination of soil erosion in a steep hill slope with different land-use types:a case study in Mertesdorf(Ruwertal/Germany).Journal of Environmental Biology 28:433-438
H?nsel P,Schindewolf M,Eltner A,et al.(2016)Feasibility of high-resolution soil erosion measurements by means of rainfall simulations and Sf M photogrammetry.Hydrology3:38.DOI:10.3390/hydrology3040038
Jones GV,White MA,Cooper OR,et al.(2005)Climate change and global wine quality.Climate Change 73:319-343.DOI:10.1007/s10584-005-4704-2
Katebikord A,Darvishan AK,Alavi SJ Changeability of soil erosion variables in small field plots from different rainfall durations with constant intensity.Journal of Africa Earth Sciences In press.DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.026
Khaledian Y,Kiani F,Ebrahimi S,et al.(2017)Assessment and monitoring of soil degradation during land use change using multivariate analysis.Land Degradation&Development28:128-141.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2541
Llorens J,Gil E,Llop J,et al.(2011)Georeferenced Li DAR 3Dvine plantation map generation.Sensors 11:6237-6256.DOI:10.3390/s110606237
López-Pi?eiro A,Mu?oz A,Zamora E,et al.(2013)Influence of the management regime and phenological state of the vines on the physicochemical properties and the seasonal fluctuations of the microorganisms in a vineyard soil under semi-arid conditions.Soil&Tillage Research 126:119-126.DOI:10.1016/j.still.2012.09.007
López-Vicente M,Poesen J,Navas A,et al.(2013)Predicting runoff and sediment connectivity and soil erosion by water for different land use scenarios in the Spanish Pre-Pyrenees.Catena 102:62-73.DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2011.01.001
Lorenzo MN,Taboada JJ,Lorenzo JF,et al.(2012)Influence of climate on grape production and wine quality in the Rías Baixas,north-western Spain.Regional Environmental Change13:887-896.DOI:10.1007/s10113-012-0387-1
Marques MJ,Bienes R,Cuadrado J,et al.(2015)Analysing perceptions attitudes and responses of winegrowers about sustainable land management in Central Spain.Land Degradation&Development 26:458-467.DOI:10.1002/ldr.2355
Martínez-Casasnovas JA,Sánchez-Bosch I(2000)Impact assessment of changes in land use/conservation practices on soil erosion in the Penedès-Anoia vineyard region(NE Spain).Soil&Tillage Research 57:101-106.DOI:10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00142-2
Martínez-Casasnovas JA,Antón-Fernández C,Ramos MC(2003)Sediment production in large gullies of the Mediterranean area(NE Spain)from high-resolution digital elevation models and geographical information systems analysis.Earth Surface Process&Landforms 28:443-456.DOI:10.1002/esp.451
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