农户有机肥替代化肥技术采纳的影响因素——对高意愿低行为的现象解释
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摘要
针对农户有机肥施用的高意愿低行为现象,利用湖北省宜昌市秭归县、当阳市的372个果菜茶种植户样本,基于技术环境视角,运用系数集束化方法探讨农户有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为表达的障碍因子。结果表明:(1)农户有机肥施用意愿与行为产生偏离,仍有31.45%的样本农户在具有意愿的前提下并没有真实的有机肥施用行为;(2)技术环境对农户有机肥替代化肥施用行为的影响极显著,其中地块要素和原料获取是阻碍有机肥施用行为表达的两大主要因素;(3)农户的有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为主要受农业劳动力数量、地块土壤肥力、农产品销售难易度、有机肥获取成本、地块平均坡度、农产品价值认可度、政府宣传力度、是否养殖畜禽和有机肥补贴政策的影响。因此,要重点发展种养协调与土壤修复区域的有机肥技术推广,关注农户利益,营造良好的政策与市场环境,加强有机肥技术的创新和研发,提高技术环境与技术属性的匹配度,促进有机肥技术的推广和使用。
In view of the present situation of farmers' little behavior with strong willingness in organic fertilizer application, 372 samples of fruit,vegetable and tea growers in Zigui and Dangyang city, Hubei province were used to explore the obstacles to the expression of farmers' organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer behavior from the perspective of technology environment, using coefficient bundle method.The results show:(1)The willingness to use organic fertilizer is deviated from the behavior of the farmers, and there are still 31.45% of them who have no real application of organic fertilizer with willingness in that case.(2) The technical environment obviously influenced the application of organic fertilizer, and massif elements and material acquisition are the two main factors.(3)The application of organic fertilizer for farmers is mainly influenced by amount of agricultural labor, soil fertility, agricultural products' value recognition and difficulty in sales, acquisition costs, mean slope, government propaganda, weather livestock and poultry are farmed and organic fertilizer subsidy policy is enacted. Therefore, we should focus on the development of organic fertilizer technology promotion in the areas of crop-breeding coordination and soil remediation, the interests of farmers, what's more creating a good policy and market environment, and strengthening the innovation and research and development of organic fertilizer technology, enhancing the matching degree between technical environment and technical attributes, promoting the popularization and use of organic fertilizer technology are also required.
In view of the present situation of farmers' little behavior with strong willingness in organic fertilizer application, 372 samples of fruit,vegetable and tea growers in Zigui and Dangyang city, Hubei province were used to explore the obstacles to the expression of farmers' organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer behavior from the perspective of technology environment, using coefficient bundle method.The results show:(1)The willingness to use organic fertilizer is deviated from the behavior of the farmers, and there are still 31.45% of them who have no real application of organic fertilizer with willingness in that case.(2) The technical environment obviously influenced the application of organic fertilizer, and massif elements and material acquisition are the two main factors.(3)The application of organic fertilizer for farmers is mainly influenced by amount of agricultural labor, soil fertility, agricultural products' value recognition and difficulty in sales, acquisition costs, mean slope, government propaganda, weather livestock and poultry are farmed and organic fertilizer subsidy policy is enacted. Therefore, we should focus on the development of organic fertilizer technology promotion in the areas of crop-breeding coordination and soil remediation, the interests of farmers, what's more creating a good policy and market environment, and strengthening the innovation and research and development of organic fertilizer technology, enhancing the matching degree between technical environment and technical attributes, promoting the popularization and use of organic fertilizer technology are also required.
引文
[1] 褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.ZHU C H, FENG S Y, ZHANG W W. An empirical analysis of farmers’ adoption of environment-friendly agricultural technology behavior:Taking organic fertilizer and soil testing and formulated fertilization as an example[J]. Chinese Rural Economy,2012(3):68-77.
[2] 钟太洋,黄贤金,王柏源.非农业就业对农户施用有机肥的影响[J].中国土地科学, 2011(11):67-73.ZHONG T X, HUANG X J, WANG B Y. The effect of non agricultural employment on the application of organic fertilizer to farmers[J].China Land Sciences, 2011(11):67-73.
[3] 朱利群,王珏,王春杰,等.有机肥和化肥配施技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析——基于苏、浙、皖三省农户调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):671-679.ZHU L Q, WANG Y, WANG C J, et al.Analysis of influencing factors on farmers’ adoption of the application technology of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer: Based on the survey of farmer households in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):671-679.
[4] 高瑛,王娜,李向菲,等.农户生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析——以山东省为例[J].农业经济问题,2017(1):38-47.GAO Y, WANG N, LI X F, et al.Adoption of eco-friendly soil management practices by smallholder farmers in Shandong of China[J].Problems of Agricultural Economy,2017(1):38-47.
[5] 李纪华,王东,杨沫,等.农民水稻施肥行为研究与政策涵义[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):524-530.LI J H, WANG D, YANG M, et al. Farmers’ rice fertilizing behaviors and policy implications[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):524-530.
[6] 吴丽花.农户购买有机肥的影响因素分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.WU L H. Analysis on the influencing factors of farmers’ purchase of organic fertilizer[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2010.
[7] 余威震,罗小锋,李容容,等.绿色认知视角下农户绿色技术采纳意愿与行为悖离研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(8):1573-1583. YU W Z, LUO X F, LI R R, et al. The paradox between farmer willingness and their adoption of green technology from the perspective of green cognition[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8):1573-1583.
[8] 黄季焜,冀县卿.农地使用权确权与农户对农地的长期投资[J].管理世界,2012(9):76-81.HUANG J K, JI X Q.The right to use farmland and farmers’ long-term investment in farmland[J]. Management World,2012(9):76-81.
[9] 张驰,张崇尚,仇焕广,等.农业保险参保行为对农户投入的影响——以有机肥投入为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(6):79-87.ZHANG C, ZHANG C S, QIU H G, et al.The impact of agricultural insurance participation on farmers' input: Taking organic fertilizer input as an example[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2017(6): 79-87.
[10] ABDULAI A, HUFFMAN W E. The diffusion of new agricultural technologies: The case of crossbred-cow technology in Tanzania[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2005, 87(3): 645-659.
[11] 龙冬平,李同昇,于正松.农业技术扩散中的农户采用行为研究:国外进展与国内趋势[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):132-139.LONG D P, LI T S, YU Z S. Research on farmers’ adoption behavior in agricultural technology diffusion: Foreign progress and domestic trend[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2014, 33(5): 132-139.
[12] 李晓越.扩散环境对农户技术釆用行为的影响分析[D].西北大学,2015.LI X Y. Analysis of the influence of diffusion environment on farmers’ technology adoption behavior[D]. Northwestern University, 2015.
[13] 蔡荣, 韩洪云.合同生产模式与农户有机肥施用行为——基于山东省348户苹果种植户的调查数据[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1277-1282.CAI R, HAN H Y. Contract production mode and farmers’ organic fertilizer application behavior: Based on the survey data of 348 apple growers in Shandong[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(6): 1277-1282.
[14] 舒畅,乔娟.基于养殖废弃物肥料化的种植户施用关联效应研究[J].农业技术经济,2016(12):32-42.SHU C, QIAO J. Study on the correlation effect of farmers based on the composting of livestock wastes[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2016(12): 32-42.
[15] 韩枫,朱立志.牛羊粪便资源化利用研究——基于全国和临夏县两个层面的分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(6):167-173.HAN F, ZHU L Z. Potential utilization of sheep and cattle manure: From the perspectives of nationwide and Linxia Region[J].China Population,Resources and Environment, 2015, 25(6): 167-173.
[16] 李同昇,罗雅丽.农业科技园区的技术扩散[J].地理研究,2016,35(3):419-430.LI T S, LUO Y L. Technology diffusion of agricultural science and technology park[J]. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(3): 419-430.
[17] ASAI M, LANGER V, FREDERIKSEN P, et al. Livestock farmer perceptions of successful collaborative arrangements for manure exchange: A study in Denmark[J].Agricultural Systems, 2014, 128(2): 55-65.
[18] WAITHAKA M M, THORNTON P K, SHEPHERD K D, et al. Factors affecting the use of fertilizers and manure by smallholders: The case of Vihiga, Western Kenya[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2007, 78(3): 211-224.
[19] 黄炎忠,罗小锋,李容容,等.农户认知、外部环境与绿色农业生产意愿——基于湖北省632个农户调研数据[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2018, 27(3): 680-687.HUANG Y Z, LUO X F, LI R R, et al.Farmer cognition,external environment and willingness of green agriculture production: Based on the survey data of 632 farmers in Hubei Province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(3): 680-687.
[20] 刘精明.能力与出身:高等教育入学机会分配的机制分析[J].中国社会科学, 2014(8):109-128, 206.LIU J M. Ability and origin: mechanism analysis of higher education admission opportunity allocation[J].Social Sciences in China, 2014(8):109-128, 206.
① 《2016年中国国土资源公报》对全国耕地质量评定中:优等地、高等地、中等地、低等地面积比例分别为2.90%、26.59%、52.72%、17.79%.
(1)假定施用自家农家肥的有机肥获取成本为0,该情况可通过“是否养殖畜禽”指标进一步解析.
(2)运算中的VIF值取值都在1～3之间,不存在严重的共线性问题.
[2] 钟太洋,黄贤金,王柏源.非农业就业对农户施用有机肥的影响[J].中国土地科学, 2011(11):67-73.ZHONG T X, HUANG X J, WANG B Y. The effect of non agricultural employment on the application of organic fertilizer to farmers[J].China Land Sciences, 2011(11):67-73.
[3] 朱利群,王珏,王春杰,等.有机肥和化肥配施技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析——基于苏、浙、皖三省农户调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):671-679.ZHU L Q, WANG Y, WANG C J, et al.Analysis of influencing factors on farmers’ adoption of the application technology of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer: Based on the survey of farmer households in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):671-679.
[4] 高瑛,王娜,李向菲,等.农户生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析——以山东省为例[J].农业经济问题,2017(1):38-47.GAO Y, WANG N, LI X F, et al.Adoption of eco-friendly soil management practices by smallholder farmers in Shandong of China[J].Problems of Agricultural Economy,2017(1):38-47.
[5] 李纪华,王东,杨沫,等.农民水稻施肥行为研究与政策涵义[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):524-530.LI J H, WANG D, YANG M, et al. Farmers’ rice fertilizing behaviors and policy implications[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):524-530.
[6] 吴丽花.农户购买有机肥的影响因素分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.WU L H. Analysis on the influencing factors of farmers’ purchase of organic fertilizer[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2010.
[7] 余威震,罗小锋,李容容,等.绿色认知视角下农户绿色技术采纳意愿与行为悖离研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(8):1573-1583. YU W Z, LUO X F, LI R R, et al. The paradox between farmer willingness and their adoption of green technology from the perspective of green cognition[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8):1573-1583.
[8] 黄季焜,冀县卿.农地使用权确权与农户对农地的长期投资[J].管理世界,2012(9):76-81.HUANG J K, JI X Q.The right to use farmland and farmers’ long-term investment in farmland[J]. Management World,2012(9):76-81.
[9] 张驰,张崇尚,仇焕广,等.农业保险参保行为对农户投入的影响——以有机肥投入为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(6):79-87.ZHANG C, ZHANG C S, QIU H G, et al.The impact of agricultural insurance participation on farmers' input: Taking organic fertilizer input as an example[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2017(6): 79-87.
[10] ABDULAI A, HUFFMAN W E. The diffusion of new agricultural technologies: The case of crossbred-cow technology in Tanzania[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2005, 87(3): 645-659.
[11] 龙冬平,李同昇,于正松.农业技术扩散中的农户采用行为研究:国外进展与国内趋势[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):132-139.LONG D P, LI T S, YU Z S. Research on farmers’ adoption behavior in agricultural technology diffusion: Foreign progress and domestic trend[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2014, 33(5): 132-139.
[12] 李晓越.扩散环境对农户技术釆用行为的影响分析[D].西北大学,2015.LI X Y. Analysis of the influence of diffusion environment on farmers’ technology adoption behavior[D]. Northwestern University, 2015.
[13] 蔡荣, 韩洪云.合同生产模式与农户有机肥施用行为——基于山东省348户苹果种植户的调查数据[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1277-1282.CAI R, HAN H Y. Contract production mode and farmers’ organic fertilizer application behavior: Based on the survey data of 348 apple growers in Shandong[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(6): 1277-1282.
[14] 舒畅,乔娟.基于养殖废弃物肥料化的种植户施用关联效应研究[J].农业技术经济,2016(12):32-42.SHU C, QIAO J. Study on the correlation effect of farmers based on the composting of livestock wastes[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2016(12): 32-42.
[15] 韩枫,朱立志.牛羊粪便资源化利用研究——基于全国和临夏县两个层面的分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(6):167-173.HAN F, ZHU L Z. Potential utilization of sheep and cattle manure: From the perspectives of nationwide and Linxia Region[J].China Population,Resources and Environment, 2015, 25(6): 167-173.
[16] 李同昇,罗雅丽.农业科技园区的技术扩散[J].地理研究,2016,35(3):419-430.LI T S, LUO Y L. Technology diffusion of agricultural science and technology park[J]. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(3): 419-430.
[17] ASAI M, LANGER V, FREDERIKSEN P, et al. Livestock farmer perceptions of successful collaborative arrangements for manure exchange: A study in Denmark[J].Agricultural Systems, 2014, 128(2): 55-65.
[18] WAITHAKA M M, THORNTON P K, SHEPHERD K D, et al. Factors affecting the use of fertilizers and manure by smallholders: The case of Vihiga, Western Kenya[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2007, 78(3): 211-224.
[19] 黄炎忠,罗小锋,李容容,等.农户认知、外部环境与绿色农业生产意愿——基于湖北省632个农户调研数据[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2018, 27(3): 680-687.HUANG Y Z, LUO X F, LI R R, et al.Farmer cognition,external environment and willingness of green agriculture production: Based on the survey data of 632 farmers in Hubei Province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(3): 680-687.
[20] 刘精明.能力与出身:高等教育入学机会分配的机制分析[J].中国社会科学, 2014(8):109-128, 206.LIU J M. Ability and origin: mechanism analysis of higher education admission opportunity allocation[J].Social Sciences in China, 2014(8):109-128, 206.
① 《2016年中国国土资源公报》对全国耕地质量评定中:优等地、高等地、中等地、低等地面积比例分别为2.90%、26.59%、52.72%、17.79%.
(1)假定施用自家农家肥的有机肥获取成本为0,该情况可通过“是否养殖畜禽”指标进一步解析.
(2)运算中的VIF值取值都在1～3之间,不存在严重的共线性问题.