耕地集约利用的空间特征及影响因素研究——以甘肃省东部四市为例
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摘要
为了准确把握耕地集约利用水平和空间差异特征以及不同区域间的影响因素,本文采用多因素综合评价、K-mean聚类法和空间计量模型对甘肃省东部四市的耕地集约利用度的变化情况及空间水平分布规律进行了研究,并对影响耕地集约利用水平的内部因素进行探索。结果表明:1)2016年研究区耕地集约利用度整体处于较粗放利用水平(均值0.377 2),区域差异比较明显,其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ级位于研究区东北部和西南部,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级位于研究区中部,整体呈"哑铃"状结构;2)全局莫兰指数为0.142 2,表明研究区各县(区)耕地集约利用度存在显著为正的全局自相关,呈现空间集聚特征,LISA聚集图空间特征与集约度等级图基本吻合;3)劳动力指数、地均机械总动力和部分区域农业科技发展率、有效灌溉率与耕地利用集约度成正相关关系,由于空间的辐射性和依赖性,各回归系数值分布具有明显的"片"或"带"状区域特征。
In order to accurately understand the intensive use level, the spatial difference characteristics of farmland and the influencing factors among different regions, this paper applied the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and the K-mean clustering methods and the spatial measurement model to study the change of intensive use degree of farmland and to explore the internal factors affecting the level of intensive use of farmland in the four eastern cities of Gansu Province. Results show that: 1) in 2016, the intensive use level of farmland in the research area was generally at a relatively coarse utilization level(mean value were 0.377 2) with obvious regional differences. Grades III and IV were located in the northeast and southwest of the study area, and I and II were located in the middle of the study area. So a"dumbbell"shape was formed from regional perspective; 2) the global Moran index was 0.142 2, indicating that the intensive utilization degree of farmland in each county of the research area had significant positive global autocorrelation, representing spatial agglomeration characteristics. The spatial characteristics of LISA aggregate map were basically consistent with the intensive degree map; and 3) the labor index, the average mechanical power of the geography and the development rate of agricultural science and technology in some regions, and the effective irrigation rates were positively correlated with the intensive use of farmland. Due to the radiation and dependence of space, the distribution of regression coefficient values has obvious area features of "slices" or "bands".
In order to accurately understand the intensive use level, the spatial difference characteristics of farmland and the influencing factors among different regions, this paper applied the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and the K-mean clustering methods and the spatial measurement model to study the change of intensive use degree of farmland and to explore the internal factors affecting the level of intensive use of farmland in the four eastern cities of Gansu Province. Results show that: 1) in 2016, the intensive use level of farmland in the research area was generally at a relatively coarse utilization level(mean value were 0.377 2) with obvious regional differences. Grades III and IV were located in the northeast and southwest of the study area, and I and II were located in the middle of the study area. So a"dumbbell"shape was formed from regional perspective; 2) the global Moran index was 0.142 2, indicating that the intensive utilization degree of farmland in each county of the research area had significant positive global autocorrelation, representing spatial agglomeration characteristics. The spatial characteristics of LISA aggregate map were basically consistent with the intensive degree map; and 3) the labor index, the average mechanical power of the geography and the development rate of agricultural science and technology in some regions, and the effective irrigation rates were positively correlated with the intensive use of farmland. Due to the radiation and dependence of space, the distribution of regression coefficient values has obvious area features of "slices" or "bands".
引文
[1]李兆亮,杨子生,邹金浪.我国耕地利用集约度空间差异及影响因素研究[J].农业现代化研究,2014,35(1):88-92.Li Z L,Yang Z S,Zou J L.Spatial differences and influences of cultivated land intensive use degree in China[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2014,35(1):88-92.
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[4]朱会义,孙明慧.土地利用集约化研究的回顾与未来工作重点[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1346-1357.Zhu H Y,Sun M H.Main progress in the research on land use intensification[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1346-1357.
[5]陈思.长春市耕地集约利用时间特征和空间差异研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2016.Chen S.Study on Temporal Characteristic and Spatial Difference of Cultivated Land Intensive Use in Changchun City[J].Jilin:Jilin University,2016.
[6]特奥多尔·布林克曼.农业经营经济学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.Theodor Brinkmann.Economics of Agricultural Operations[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1984.
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[9]邵晓梅,王静.小城镇开发区土地集约利用评价研究——以浙江省慈溪市为例[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(1):75-81.Shao X M,Wang J.Evaluation of land intensive utilization in small town development zone:A case study of Cixi City,Zhejiang Province[J].Progress in Geography,2008,27(1):75-81.
[10]陈伟,吴群.考虑耕地质量差异影响的江苏省耕地集约利用评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):244-253.Chen W,Wu Q.Assessment of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province considering the cultivated land quality difference[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(15):244-253.
[11]孔祥斌,李翠珍,王红雨,等.京冀平原区地块尺度农户耕地集约利用差异对比[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):331-337.Kong X B,Li C Z,Wang H Y,et al.Analysis on arable land intensity difference at plot scale in Jingji Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(1):331-337.
[12]Chen Y Q,Li X B,Tian Y J,et al.Structural change of agricultural land use intensity and its regional disparity in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(5):545-556.
[13]谢花林,邹金浪,彭小琳.基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):889-902.Xie H L,Zou J L,Peng X L.Spatial-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in Poyang Lake[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(7):889-902.
[14]姚成胜,黄琳,吕晞,等.基于能值理论的中国耕地利用集约度时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):1-12.Yao C S,Huang L,LüX,et al.Temporal and spatial change of cultivated land use intensity in China based on emergy theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(8):1-12.
[15]邓楚雄,谢炳庚,李晓青,等.基于投影寻踪法的长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用评价[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2000-2008.Deng C X,Xie B G,Li X J,et al.Evaluation of intensive cultivated land use based on a projection pursuit model in ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(1):2000-2008.
[16]赵亮,龚健,王文婷,等.基于灰色概率模型的耕地集约利用评价——以湖北省为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):263-267.Zhao L,Gong J,Wang W T,et al.Evaluation of intensive cultivated land utilization based on grey probability model——A case study in Hubei Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(4):263-267.
[17]贺三维,潘鹏,诸云强,等.农用地集约利用评价的新模型研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(3):460-467.He S X,Pan P,Zhu Y Q,et al.The application of a new model in intensive use evaluation of agricultural land[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(3):460-467.
[18]张小虎,张合兵,赵素霞,等.基于三角模型河南省耕地集约利用趋势及时空分异[J].土壤通报,2013,44(2):277-283.Zhang X H,Zhang H B,Zhao S X,et al.Trend and spatialtemporal differentiation of cultivated intensive utilization of farmland in Henan based on triangle model[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(2):277-283.
[19]王国刚,刘彦随,陈秧分.中国省域耕地集约利用态势与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2014,69(7):907-915.Wang G G,Liu Y S,Chen Y F.Dynamic trends and driving forces of land-use intensification in the cultivated land of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(7):907-915.
[20]王秀圆,闻建忠.山区农户耕地利用集约度及其影响因素——重庆市12个典型村为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):895-908.Wang X Y,Wen J Z.Cultivated land use intensity and its influencing factors of households of different livelihood strategies:A case study of 12 typical villages in Chongqing municipality[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(5):895-908.
[21]吴楠.基于PSR模型下的阿克苏市耕地集约利用评价研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018.Wu N.Study on the evaluation of intensive use of cultivated land in Akesu based on PSR model[D].Urumchi:Xinjiang University,2018.
[22]刘青,李贵才,仝德,等.基于ESDA的深圳市高新技术企业空间格局及影响因素[J].经济地理,2011,31(6):926-933.Liu Q,Li G C,Tong D,et al.The spatial pattern and influence factors of high-tech firms in Shenzhen based on ESDA[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(6):926-933.
[23]Yan Y Y,James R T,Miralles-Wilhelm F,et al.Geographically weighted spatial modelling of sediment quality in Lake Okeechobee,Florida[J].GIScience&Remote Sensing,2014,51(4):366-389.
[2]倪超,杨胜天.黑龙江省耕地集约利用评价及障碍因素诊断[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(12):32-37.Ni C,Yang S T.Evaluation of cultivated land intensive use and the diagnosis of its obstacle factors in Heilongjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(12):32-37.
[3]吕晓,牛善栋,李振波,等.中国耕地集约利用研究现状及趋势分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):212-224.LüX,Niu S D,Li Z B,et al.Present situation and trends in research on cultivated land intensive use in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(18):212-224.
[4]朱会义,孙明慧.土地利用集约化研究的回顾与未来工作重点[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1346-1357.Zhu H Y,Sun M H.Main progress in the research on land use intensification[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1346-1357.
[5]陈思.长春市耕地集约利用时间特征和空间差异研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2016.Chen S.Study on Temporal Characteristic and Spatial Difference of Cultivated Land Intensive Use in Changchun City[J].Jilin:Jilin University,2016.
[6]特奥多尔·布林克曼.农业经营经济学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.Theodor Brinkmann.Economics of Agricultural Operations[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1984.
[7]Kim D S,Mizuno K,Kobayashi S.Analysis of urbanization characteristics causing farmland loss in a rapid growth area using GIS and RS[J].Paddy Water Environment,2003(1):189-199.
[8]Lefrory R D B,Bechstedt H D,Rais M.Indicators for sustainable land management based on farmer surveys in Vietnam,Indonesia,and Thailand[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,2000,81(2):137-146.
[9]邵晓梅,王静.小城镇开发区土地集约利用评价研究——以浙江省慈溪市为例[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(1):75-81.Shao X M,Wang J.Evaluation of land intensive utilization in small town development zone:A case study of Cixi City,Zhejiang Province[J].Progress in Geography,2008,27(1):75-81.
[10]陈伟,吴群.考虑耕地质量差异影响的江苏省耕地集约利用评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):244-253.Chen W,Wu Q.Assessment of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province considering the cultivated land quality difference[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(15):244-253.
[11]孔祥斌,李翠珍,王红雨,等.京冀平原区地块尺度农户耕地集约利用差异对比[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):331-337.Kong X B,Li C Z,Wang H Y,et al.Analysis on arable land intensity difference at plot scale in Jingji Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(1):331-337.
[12]Chen Y Q,Li X B,Tian Y J,et al.Structural change of agricultural land use intensity and its regional disparity in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(5):545-556.
[13]谢花林,邹金浪,彭小琳.基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):889-902.Xie H L,Zou J L,Peng X L.Spatial-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in Poyang Lake[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(7):889-902.
[14]姚成胜,黄琳,吕晞,等.基于能值理论的中国耕地利用集约度时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):1-12.Yao C S,Huang L,LüX,et al.Temporal and spatial change of cultivated land use intensity in China based on emergy theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(8):1-12.
[15]邓楚雄,谢炳庚,李晓青,等.基于投影寻踪法的长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用评价[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2000-2008.Deng C X,Xie B G,Li X J,et al.Evaluation of intensive cultivated land use based on a projection pursuit model in ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(1):2000-2008.
[16]赵亮,龚健,王文婷,等.基于灰色概率模型的耕地集约利用评价——以湖北省为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):263-267.Zhao L,Gong J,Wang W T,et al.Evaluation of intensive cultivated land utilization based on grey probability model——A case study in Hubei Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(4):263-267.
[17]贺三维,潘鹏,诸云强,等.农用地集约利用评价的新模型研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(3):460-467.He S X,Pan P,Zhu Y Q,et al.The application of a new model in intensive use evaluation of agricultural land[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(3):460-467.
[18]张小虎,张合兵,赵素霞,等.基于三角模型河南省耕地集约利用趋势及时空分异[J].土壤通报,2013,44(2):277-283.Zhang X H,Zhang H B,Zhao S X,et al.Trend and spatialtemporal differentiation of cultivated intensive utilization of farmland in Henan based on triangle model[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(2):277-283.
[19]王国刚,刘彦随,陈秧分.中国省域耕地集约利用态势与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2014,69(7):907-915.Wang G G,Liu Y S,Chen Y F.Dynamic trends and driving forces of land-use intensification in the cultivated land of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(7):907-915.
[20]王秀圆,闻建忠.山区农户耕地利用集约度及其影响因素——重庆市12个典型村为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):895-908.Wang X Y,Wen J Z.Cultivated land use intensity and its influencing factors of households of different livelihood strategies:A case study of 12 typical villages in Chongqing municipality[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(5):895-908.
[21]吴楠.基于PSR模型下的阿克苏市耕地集约利用评价研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018.Wu N.Study on the evaluation of intensive use of cultivated land in Akesu based on PSR model[D].Urumchi:Xinjiang University,2018.
[22]刘青,李贵才,仝德,等.基于ESDA的深圳市高新技术企业空间格局及影响因素[J].经济地理,2011,31(6):926-933.Liu Q,Li G C,Tong D,et al.The spatial pattern and influence factors of high-tech firms in Shenzhen based on ESDA[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(6):926-933.
[23]Yan Y Y,James R T,Miralles-Wilhelm F,et al.Geographically weighted spatial modelling of sediment quality in Lake Okeechobee,Florida[J].GIScience&Remote Sensing,2014,51(4):366-389.