Species Composition and Protection of Fish Eggs and Larvae in Spawning Ground of Liaodong Bay
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摘要
[Objective] The paper was to explore the species composition, number distribution and seasonal dynamics of fish eggs and larvae in Liaodong Bay in 2008. The protection and exploitation status of spawning ground in Liaodong Bay was analyzed, and the corresponding protection measures were put forward. [Methods] The species composition of fish eggs and larvae in spawning ground of Liaodong Bay was investigated by horizontal trawling associated with vertical trawling with zooplankton net in May, July, September and October in 2008. [Result] It was found that 7 724 eggs and 229 larvae of fishes belonging to 32 taxa were collected, in which 29 taxa were identified as species, belonging to 9 genera, 21 families and 28 orders, 2 taxa were identified to only family level, and one failed to be identified. The main spawning groups were Cynoglossus joyneri, Engraulis japonicus, Johnius belengerii, Larimichthys polyactis, Konosirus punctatus, Sardinella zunasi, and Scomberomorus niphonius, and the main spawning ground was found in northern waters and Changxing Island waters in Liaodao Bay. There was slightly less spawning species in2008 compared with 1998, especially the number of fish eggs and larvae decreased greatly. [Conclusion] The effective measures for protection of spawning grounds in Liaodong Bay are suggested, including control of fishing intensity, development of artificial reefs, establishment of germplasm resources reserves, and standardization of compensation standards for marine ecological damage.
[Objective] The paper was to explore the species composition, number distribution and seasonal dynamics of fish eggs and larvae in Liaodong Bay in 2008. The protection and exploitation status of spawning ground in Liaodong Bay was analyzed, and the corresponding protection measures were put forward. [Methods] The species composition of fish eggs and larvae in spawning ground of Liaodong Bay was investigated by horizontal trawling associated with vertical trawling with zooplankton net in May, July, September and October in 2008. [Result] It was found that 7 724 eggs and 229 larvae of fishes belonging to 32 taxa were collected, in which 29 taxa were identified as species, belonging to 9 genera, 21 families and 28 orders, 2 taxa were identified to only family level, and one failed to be identified. The main spawning groups were Cynoglossus joyneri, Engraulis japonicus, Johnius belengerii, Larimichthys polyactis, Konosirus punctatus, Sardinella zunasi, and Scomberomorus niphonius, and the main spawning ground was found in northern waters and Changxing Island waters in Liaodao Bay. There was slightly less spawning species in2008 compared with 1998, especially the number of fish eggs and larvae decreased greatly. [Conclusion] The effective measures for protection of spawning grounds in Liaodong Bay are suggested, including control of fishing intensity, development of artificial reefs, establishment of germplasm resources reserves, and standardization of compensation standards for marine ecological damage.
[Objective] The paper was to explore the species composition, number distribution and seasonal dynamics of fish eggs and larvae in Liaodong Bay in 2008. The protection and exploitation status of spawning ground in Liaodong Bay was analyzed, and the corresponding protection measures were put forward. [Methods] The species composition of fish eggs and larvae in spawning ground of Liaodong Bay was investigated by horizontal trawling associated with vertical trawling with zooplankton net in May, July, September and October in 2008. [Result] It was found that 7 724 eggs and 229 larvae of fishes belonging to 32 taxa were collected, in which 29 taxa were identified as species, belonging to 9 genera, 21 families and 28 orders, 2 taxa were identified to only family level, and one failed to be identified. The main spawning groups were Cynoglossus joyneri, Engraulis japonicus, Johnius belengerii, Larimichthys polyactis, Konosirus punctatus, Sardinella zunasi, and Scomberomorus niphonius, and the main spawning ground was found in northern waters and Changxing Island waters in Liaodao Bay. There was slightly less spawning species in2008 compared with 1998, especially the number of fish eggs and larvae decreased greatly. [Conclusion] The effective measures for protection of spawning grounds in Liaodong Bay are suggested, including control of fishing intensity, development of artificial reefs, establishment of germplasm resources reserves, and standardization of compensation standards for marine ecological damage.
引文
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[4]WAN RJ,JIANG YW.The species and biological characteristics of the eggs and larvae of osteichthyes in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2000,9(4):290-297.(in Chinese).
[5]AKIHIKO K,SHIGEKI S.Diurnal changes in vertical distribution of anchovy egg sand larvae in the Western Wakasa Bay[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,1983,50(8):1285-1292.
[6]KAZUMASA H,TSUNEO G,MITSUYUKI H.Dietcomposition and prey size of larval anchovy Engraulis japonicus,in Toy Ama Bay,Southern Japan Sea[J].Bulletin of the Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute,1997,47(5):67-78.
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[12]WAN RJ,JIANG YW.The distribution and variation of eggs and larvae of osteichthyes in Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1998,5(1):43-50.(in Chinese).
[13]State Oceanic Administration.Marine survey specification[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2007.(in Chinese).
[14]LIU RY.China marine biology list[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese).
[15]LIU S,ZHANG JM,LENG Y.Species and distribution characteristics of fish eggs and larvae at the Yellow River Estuary[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(6):662-667.(in Chinese).
[16]CHENG JS,QIU SY,LI PJ.Ecological environment and biological community in the near shore waters of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2004.(in Chinese).
[17]GAO YJ,LV ZB,YANG YY,et al.Structure and species diversity of ichthyoplankton in Spring in Laizhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(20):6565-6573.(in Chinese).
[18]BIAN XD,ZHANG XM,GAO TX,et al.Category composition and distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton in the Yellow River estuary during spring and summer 2007[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):815-827.(in Chinese).
[19]LIU H,YE ZJ,LI ZG,et al.The community structure of ichthyoplankton in the central Yellow Sea in spring and summer[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3775-3784.(in Chinese).
[20]GAO WB,LIU XZ,DUAN YY,et al.Impact of the sea reclamation on fishery resources in Liaoning offshore and corresponding countermeasures[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(s1):163-166.(in Chinese).
[21]YIN ZQ,ZHANG GS,LI JQ,et al.The preliminary study on the structure regulation of marine fishery yield in Liaoning Province[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,1(6):55-62.(in Chinese).
[22]QIN YB,LI YP,YU XG,et al.Analysis on states of Liaoning marine fishing industry in central and southern Yellow Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2013,32(8):492-496.(in Chinese).
[23]LIU XZ,DONG J,YU XG,et al.Fishery resource structure in coastal waters of Liaoning Province[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(4):289-299.(in Chinese).
[24]GAO DK,ZHAO J,ZHANG XM,et al.Species composition and distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton within and outside artificial reefs in Laizhou Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(2):369-381.(in Chinese).
[25]LUO DL.Impact of the suspended substance on fish eggs and larvae and losses estimation:Illustrated by the case of cross-ocean bridge engineering from Xiamen to Zhangzhou[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(4):439-443.(in Chinese).
[26]Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.DB21/T2150-2013Technical specifications for marine biological damage assessment of marine and coastal engineering in Liaoning Province[S].Shenyang:Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,2013.(in Chinese).
[27]Ministry of Agriculture.SC/T9110-2007 Technical regulations for impact assessment of construction projects on marine biological resources[S].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2008.(in Chinese).
[2]WAN L,WANG NB,ZHOU ZC,et al.Comprehensive assessment of the situation of water quality of Liaodong Bay in summer[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2007(4):87-92.(in Chinese).
[3]MA ZQ,ZHOU ZC,XUE K,et al.The relationship between the primary production and fishery resources in the northern waters of Liaodong Bay[J].Fisheries Science,2004,23(4):12-15.(in Chinese).
[4]WAN RJ,JIANG YW.The species and biological characteristics of the eggs and larvae of osteichthyes in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2000,9(4):290-297.(in Chinese).
[5]AKIHIKO K,SHIGEKI S.Diurnal changes in vertical distribution of anchovy egg sand larvae in the Western Wakasa Bay[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,1983,50(8):1285-1292.
[6]KAZUMASA H,TSUNEO G,MITSUYUKI H.Dietcomposition and prey size of larval anchovy Engraulis japonicus,in Toy Ama Bay,Southern Japan Sea[J].Bulletin of the Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute,1997,47(5):67-78.
[7]SONG XK,LIU AY,YANG YY,et al.Distributing of ichthyoplankton and the correlation with environmental factors in Laizhou Bay[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(3):378-385.(in Chinese).
[8]ZHAO J,ZHANG XM,BIAN XD,et al.Species composition and distribution of ichthyoplankton in the coastal waters of Huludao in 2009[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2011,41(11):34-42.(in Chinese).
[9]WANG AY,WAN RJ,JIN XS,et al.Decadal variations of ichthyoplankton biodiversity in spring in Laizhou Bay of Bohai Sea[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2010,31(1):19-24.(in Chinese).
[10]HJORT J.Fluctuation in the great fisheries of northern Europe viewed in the light of biological research[J].Rapports Et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions,1914,20(5):1-228.
[11]JIANG YW,WAN RJ,CHEN RS.Investigation of eggs and larvae of osteichthyes in Bohai Sea[J].Marine Fisheries Research,1988,9(9):121-149.(in Chinese).
[12]WAN RJ,JIANG YW.The distribution and variation of eggs and larvae of osteichthyes in Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1998,5(1):43-50.(in Chinese).
[13]State Oceanic Administration.Marine survey specification[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2007.(in Chinese).
[14]LIU RY.China marine biology list[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese).
[15]LIU S,ZHANG JM,LENG Y.Species and distribution characteristics of fish eggs and larvae at the Yellow River Estuary[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(6):662-667.(in Chinese).
[16]CHENG JS,QIU SY,LI PJ.Ecological environment and biological community in the near shore waters of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2004.(in Chinese).
[17]GAO YJ,LV ZB,YANG YY,et al.Structure and species diversity of ichthyoplankton in Spring in Laizhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(20):6565-6573.(in Chinese).
[18]BIAN XD,ZHANG XM,GAO TX,et al.Category composition and distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton in the Yellow River estuary during spring and summer 2007[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):815-827.(in Chinese).
[19]LIU H,YE ZJ,LI ZG,et al.The community structure of ichthyoplankton in the central Yellow Sea in spring and summer[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3775-3784.(in Chinese).
[20]GAO WB,LIU XZ,DUAN YY,et al.Impact of the sea reclamation on fishery resources in Liaoning offshore and corresponding countermeasures[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(s1):163-166.(in Chinese).
[21]YIN ZQ,ZHANG GS,LI JQ,et al.The preliminary study on the structure regulation of marine fishery yield in Liaoning Province[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,1(6):55-62.(in Chinese).
[22]QIN YB,LI YP,YU XG,et al.Analysis on states of Liaoning marine fishing industry in central and southern Yellow Sea[J].Fisheries Science,2013,32(8):492-496.(in Chinese).
[23]LIU XZ,DONG J,YU XG,et al.Fishery resource structure in coastal waters of Liaoning Province[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(4):289-299.(in Chinese).
[24]GAO DK,ZHAO J,ZHANG XM,et al.Species composition and distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton within and outside artificial reefs in Laizhou Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(2):369-381.(in Chinese).
[25]LUO DL.Impact of the suspended substance on fish eggs and larvae and losses estimation:Illustrated by the case of cross-ocean bridge engineering from Xiamen to Zhangzhou[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(4):439-443.(in Chinese).
[26]Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.DB21/T2150-2013Technical specifications for marine biological damage assessment of marine and coastal engineering in Liaoning Province[S].Shenyang:Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,2013.(in Chinese).
[27]Ministry of Agriculture.SC/T9110-2007 Technical regulations for impact assessment of construction projects on marine biological resources[S].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2008.(in Chinese).