Analysis of equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for biosorption of fluoride from water onto coconut(Cocos nucifera Linn.)root developed adsorbent
|
摘要
Drinking water with higher fluoride levels results in serious irremediable health problems that have attained a startle all over the world.Researches focused towards deflouridation through the application of biosorbents prepared from various plants are finding greater scope and significance.Present research is done on Cocos nucifera Linn.(coconut tree) one of the very commonly available plants throughout Kerala and around the globe.An adsorbent developed from the root portion of C.nucifera Linn.is used in the present study.Equilibrium study revealed that the fluoride uptake capacity is quite significant and linearly increases with initial adsorbate concentration.The adsorption data is analyzed for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models at varying initial adsorbate concentrations(2–25 mg·L~(-1)).It is found that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm.Langmuir isotherm constants "a" and "b" obtained are 2.037 mg·g~(-1) and 0.823 L·mg~(-1) at an adsorbent dose of 8 g·L~(-1) and temperature(26 ± 1) ℃.The mean free sorption energy, E obtained, is 9.13 kJ ·mol~(-1) which points out that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent is by chemisorption mechanism.The kinetic study also supports chemisorption with adsorption data fitting well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an estimated rate constant K_2 of 0.2935 g·mg~(-1) min at an equilibrium contact time of 90 min.The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature(ΔH =12.728 kJ·mol~(-1)) of fluoride adsorption onto the C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), BET, FTIR, and EDX methods were used to analyze the surface morphology of adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption process.Experiments on deflouridation using C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent application on fluoride contaminated ground water samples from fields showed encouraging results.
Drinking water with higher fluoride levels results in serious irremediable health problems that have attained a startle all over the world.Researches focused towards deflouridation through the application of biosorbents prepared from various plants are finding greater scope and significance.Present research is done on Cocos nucifera Linn.(coconut tree) one of the very commonly available plants throughout Kerala and around the globe.An adsorbent developed from the root portion of C.nucifera Linn.is used in the present study.Equilibrium study revealed that the fluoride uptake capacity is quite significant and linearly increases with initial adsorbate concentration.The adsorption data is analyzed for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models at varying initial adsorbate concentrations(2–25 mg·L~(-1)).It is found that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm.Langmuir isotherm constants "a" and "b" obtained are 2.037 mg·g~(-1) and 0.823 L·mg~(-1) at an adsorbent dose of 8 g·L~(-1) and temperature(26 ± 1) ℃.The mean free sorption energy, E obtained, is 9.13 kJ ·mol~(-1) which points out that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent is by chemisorption mechanism.The kinetic study also supports chemisorption with adsorption data fitting well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an estimated rate constant K_2 of 0.2935 g·mg~(-1) min at an equilibrium contact time of 90 min.The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature(ΔH =12.728 kJ·mol~(-1)) of fluoride adsorption onto the C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), BET, FTIR, and EDX methods were used to analyze the surface morphology of adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption process.Experiments on deflouridation using C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent application on fluoride contaminated ground water samples from fields showed encouraging results.
Drinking water with higher fluoride levels results in serious irremediable health problems that have attained a startle all over the world.Researches focused towards deflouridation through the application of biosorbents prepared from various plants are finding greater scope and significance.Present research is done on Cocos nucifera Linn.(coconut tree) one of the very commonly available plants throughout Kerala and around the globe.An adsorbent developed from the root portion of C.nucifera Linn.is used in the present study.Equilibrium study revealed that the fluoride uptake capacity is quite significant and linearly increases with initial adsorbate concentration.The adsorption data is analyzed for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models at varying initial adsorbate concentrations(2–25 mg·L~(-1)).It is found that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm.Langmuir isotherm constants "a" and "b" obtained are 2.037 mg·g~(-1) and 0.823 L·mg~(-1) at an adsorbent dose of 8 g·L~(-1) and temperature(26 ± 1) ℃.The mean free sorption energy, E obtained, is 9.13 kJ ·mol~(-1) which points out that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent is by chemisorption mechanism.The kinetic study also supports chemisorption with adsorption data fitting well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an estimated rate constant K_2 of 0.2935 g·mg~(-1) min at an equilibrium contact time of 90 min.The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature(ΔH =12.728 kJ·mol~(-1)) of fluoride adsorption onto the C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), BET, FTIR, and EDX methods were used to analyze the surface morphology of adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption process.Experiments on deflouridation using C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent application on fluoride contaminated ground water samples from fields showed encouraging results.
引文
[1]T.Getachew,A.Hussen,V.M.Rao,Defluoridation of water by activated carbon prepared from banana(Musa paradisiaca)peel and coffee(Coffea arabica)husk,Int.J.Environ.Sci.Technol.12(6)(2015)1857-1866.
[2]L.G.Aajish,J.Thirumal,Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from waste materials and its application in the removal of fluoride from ground water,IOSR J.Environ.Sci.Toxicol.Food Technol.8(5)(2014)28-33.
[3]S.Kumar,A.Gupta,J.P.Yadav,Removal of fluoride by thermally activated carbon prepared from neem and kikar leaves,J.Environ.Biol.29(2)(2008)227-232.
[4]W.H.O,Guidelines for drinking-water quality,World Health 1(3)(2011).
[5]G.Alagumuthu,V.Veeraputhiran,R.Venkataraman,Adsorption isotherms on fluoride removal:Batch techniques,Arch.Appl.Sci.Res.2(4)(2010)170-185.
[6]V.Veeraputhiran,G.Alagumuthu,Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of fluoride onto Phyllanthus emblica based thermally activated carbon,Int.J.Chem Tech Res4(1)(2012)165-174.
[7]P.S.Pillai Harikumar,Defluoridation of water using biosorbents,Nat.Sci.4(4)(2012)245-251.
[8]S.a.Valencia-Leal,R.Cortés-Martínez,R.Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva,Evaluation of guava seeds(Psidium guajava)as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions,Int.J.Eng.Res.Dev.5(4)(2012)69-76.
[9]A.A.M.Daifullah,S.M.Yakout,S.A.Elreefy,Adsorption of fluoride in aqueous solutions using KMnO4-modified activated carbon derived from steam pyrolysis of rice straw,J.Hazard.Mater.147(1-2)(2007)633-643.
[10]M.Kishore,Preparation and development of adsorbent carbon from Acacia farnesiana for defluoridation,Int.J.Plant Anim.Environ.Sci.(3)(2010)209-223.
[11]APHA/AWWA/WEF,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,American Water Works Assn.(2012)P541.
[12]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Determination of Apparent Density of Activated Carbon,ASTM D4607-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,1999.
[13]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated Carbon,ASTM D2866-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,1999.
[14]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Moisture in Activated Carbon,ASTM D2867-95,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,2004 709-711.
[15]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon,ASTM D4607-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,2006.
[16]A.L.Nashine,A.R.Tembhurkar,Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of As(III)on coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)fiber,J.Environ.Chem.Eng.4(3)(2016)3267-3273.
[17]B.Thole,F.Mtalo,W.Masamba,Effect of particle size on loading capacity and water quality in water defluoridation with 200℃ calcined bauxite,gypsum,magnesite and their composite filter,Afr.J.Pure Appl.Chem.6(2)(2012)26-34.
[18]R.Bhaumk,N.K.Mondal,P.Roy,K.C.Pal,C.Das,A.Banerjee,J.K.Datta,Eggshell powder as an adsorbent for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution:Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies,E-J.Chem.9(3)(2012)1457-1480.
[19]M.D.Waghmare,Investigation on sorption of fluoride in water using rice husk as an adsorbent,Nat.Environ.Pollut.Technol.8(2)(2009)217-223.
[20]M.Suneetha,B.Syama Sundar,K.Ravindhranath,Removal fluoride from polluted waters using low-cost active carbon derived from the bark of Vitex negundo plant,J.Anal.Sci.Technol.12(3)(2015)33-49.
[21]S.Dongre,A.R.Tembhurkar,Studies on fluoride removal using adsorption process,J.Environ.Sci.Eng.48(3)(2006)151-156.
[22]F.Ogata,H.Tominaga,H.Yabutani,N.Kawasaki,Removal of fluoride ions from water by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds,J.Oleo Sci.60(12)(2011)619-625.
[23]A.V.Jamode,V.S.Sapkal,V.S.Jamode,Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents,J.Indian Inst.Sci.84(5)(2004)163-171.
[24]M.Murugan,E.Subramanian,Studies on defluoridation of water by tamarind seed,an unconventional biosorbent,J.Water Health 4(4)(2006)453-461.
[25]M.V.Jadhav,A.S.Jadhav,Use of maize husk fly ash as an adsorbent for removal of fluoride from water,Int.Res.J.Eng.Technol.2(7)(2014)393-401.
[26]N.K.Mondal,R.Bhaumik,T.Baur,B.Das,P.Roy,J.K.Datta,Studies on defluoridation of water by tea ash:an unconventional biosorbent,Chem.Sci.Trans.1(2)(2012)239-256.
[27]Y.Vijaya,a.Krishnaiah,Sorptive response profile of chitosan-coated silica in the defluoridation of aqueous solution,E-J.Chem.6(3)(2009)713-724.
[28]K.Singh,D.H.Lataye,K.L.Wasewar,Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using low-cost sugarcane bagasse:kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses,J.Hazard.Toxic Radioact.Waste(2015)4015024.
[29]N.Viswanathan,S.Meenakshi,Enriched fluoride sorption using alumina/chitosan composite,J.Hazard.Mater.178(1-3)(2010)226-232.
[30]M.H.Jnr,P.Harcourt,Studies on the effect of pH on the sorption of Pb2+and Cd2+ions from aqueous solutions by Caladium bicolor(Wild Cocoyam)biomass,Electron.J.Biotechnol.7(3)(2004)313-323.
[31]Sujitha Ravulapalli,Ravindhranath Kunta,Defluoridation studies using active carbon derived from the barks of Ficus racemosa plant,J.Fluor.Chem.193(2017)58-66.
[32]Swapnila Roy,Papita Das,Assessment of De-fluoridation in Waste Water using activated biochar:Thermodynamic and Kinetic study,J.Chem.Appl.Chem.Eng.1(1)(2017)https://doi.org/10.4172/2576-3954.1000102.
[33]Ghorban Asgari,Babak Roshani,Ghader Ghanizadeh,The investigation of kinetic and isotherm of fluoride adsorption onto functionalize pumice stone,J.Hazard.Mater.217-218(2012)123-132.
[34]Aash Mohammed,C.B.Majumder,Removal of fluoride from synthetic wastewater by using bio-adsorbents,Int.J.Res.Eng.Technol.3(4)(2014)776-785.
[2]L.G.Aajish,J.Thirumal,Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from waste materials and its application in the removal of fluoride from ground water,IOSR J.Environ.Sci.Toxicol.Food Technol.8(5)(2014)28-33.
[3]S.Kumar,A.Gupta,J.P.Yadav,Removal of fluoride by thermally activated carbon prepared from neem and kikar leaves,J.Environ.Biol.29(2)(2008)227-232.
[4]W.H.O,Guidelines for drinking-water quality,World Health 1(3)(2011).
[5]G.Alagumuthu,V.Veeraputhiran,R.Venkataraman,Adsorption isotherms on fluoride removal:Batch techniques,Arch.Appl.Sci.Res.2(4)(2010)170-185.
[6]V.Veeraputhiran,G.Alagumuthu,Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of fluoride onto Phyllanthus emblica based thermally activated carbon,Int.J.Chem Tech Res4(1)(2012)165-174.
[7]P.S.Pillai Harikumar,Defluoridation of water using biosorbents,Nat.Sci.4(4)(2012)245-251.
[8]S.a.Valencia-Leal,R.Cortés-Martínez,R.Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva,Evaluation of guava seeds(Psidium guajava)as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions,Int.J.Eng.Res.Dev.5(4)(2012)69-76.
[9]A.A.M.Daifullah,S.M.Yakout,S.A.Elreefy,Adsorption of fluoride in aqueous solutions using KMnO4-modified activated carbon derived from steam pyrolysis of rice straw,J.Hazard.Mater.147(1-2)(2007)633-643.
[10]M.Kishore,Preparation and development of adsorbent carbon from Acacia farnesiana for defluoridation,Int.J.Plant Anim.Environ.Sci.(3)(2010)209-223.
[11]APHA/AWWA/WEF,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,American Water Works Assn.(2012)P541.
[12]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Determination of Apparent Density of Activated Carbon,ASTM D4607-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,1999.
[13]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated Carbon,ASTM D2866-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,1999.
[14]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Moisture in Activated Carbon,ASTM D2867-95,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,2004 709-711.
[15]Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon,ASTM D4607-94,Philadelphia PA,United State of America,2006.
[16]A.L.Nashine,A.R.Tembhurkar,Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of As(III)on coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)fiber,J.Environ.Chem.Eng.4(3)(2016)3267-3273.
[17]B.Thole,F.Mtalo,W.Masamba,Effect of particle size on loading capacity and water quality in water defluoridation with 200℃ calcined bauxite,gypsum,magnesite and their composite filter,Afr.J.Pure Appl.Chem.6(2)(2012)26-34.
[18]R.Bhaumk,N.K.Mondal,P.Roy,K.C.Pal,C.Das,A.Banerjee,J.K.Datta,Eggshell powder as an adsorbent for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution:Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies,E-J.Chem.9(3)(2012)1457-1480.
[19]M.D.Waghmare,Investigation on sorption of fluoride in water using rice husk as an adsorbent,Nat.Environ.Pollut.Technol.8(2)(2009)217-223.
[20]M.Suneetha,B.Syama Sundar,K.Ravindhranath,Removal fluoride from polluted waters using low-cost active carbon derived from the bark of Vitex negundo plant,J.Anal.Sci.Technol.12(3)(2015)33-49.
[21]S.Dongre,A.R.Tembhurkar,Studies on fluoride removal using adsorption process,J.Environ.Sci.Eng.48(3)(2006)151-156.
[22]F.Ogata,H.Tominaga,H.Yabutani,N.Kawasaki,Removal of fluoride ions from water by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds,J.Oleo Sci.60(12)(2011)619-625.
[23]A.V.Jamode,V.S.Sapkal,V.S.Jamode,Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents,J.Indian Inst.Sci.84(5)(2004)163-171.
[24]M.Murugan,E.Subramanian,Studies on defluoridation of water by tamarind seed,an unconventional biosorbent,J.Water Health 4(4)(2006)453-461.
[25]M.V.Jadhav,A.S.Jadhav,Use of maize husk fly ash as an adsorbent for removal of fluoride from water,Int.Res.J.Eng.Technol.2(7)(2014)393-401.
[26]N.K.Mondal,R.Bhaumik,T.Baur,B.Das,P.Roy,J.K.Datta,Studies on defluoridation of water by tea ash:an unconventional biosorbent,Chem.Sci.Trans.1(2)(2012)239-256.
[27]Y.Vijaya,a.Krishnaiah,Sorptive response profile of chitosan-coated silica in the defluoridation of aqueous solution,E-J.Chem.6(3)(2009)713-724.
[28]K.Singh,D.H.Lataye,K.L.Wasewar,Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using low-cost sugarcane bagasse:kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses,J.Hazard.Toxic Radioact.Waste(2015)4015024.
[29]N.Viswanathan,S.Meenakshi,Enriched fluoride sorption using alumina/chitosan composite,J.Hazard.Mater.178(1-3)(2010)226-232.
[30]M.H.Jnr,P.Harcourt,Studies on the effect of pH on the sorption of Pb2+and Cd2+ions from aqueous solutions by Caladium bicolor(Wild Cocoyam)biomass,Electron.J.Biotechnol.7(3)(2004)313-323.
[31]Sujitha Ravulapalli,Ravindhranath Kunta,Defluoridation studies using active carbon derived from the barks of Ficus racemosa plant,J.Fluor.Chem.193(2017)58-66.
[32]Swapnila Roy,Papita Das,Assessment of De-fluoridation in Waste Water using activated biochar:Thermodynamic and Kinetic study,J.Chem.Appl.Chem.Eng.1(1)(2017)https://doi.org/10.4172/2576-3954.1000102.
[33]Ghorban Asgari,Babak Roshani,Ghader Ghanizadeh,The investigation of kinetic and isotherm of fluoride adsorption onto functionalize pumice stone,J.Hazard.Mater.217-218(2012)123-132.
[34]Aash Mohammed,C.B.Majumder,Removal of fluoride from synthetic wastewater by using bio-adsorbents,Int.J.Res.Eng.Technol.3(4)(2014)776-785.