海南岛西部石炭系砂岩地球化学及Sm-Nd同位素特征:对源区特征和沉积环境的制约
|
摘要
沉积岩化学组分和同位素组成特征能有效反映碎屑沉积岩的源区和沉积环境。海南岛西部石碌地区出露下石炭统南好组和上石炭统青天峡组砂岩,这两套层序主要由海相-浅海相、浅变质陆缘碎屑岩组成。为探讨它们的物质来源和沉积环境,以期对海南岛晚古生代的构造演化提供制约,对这两套砂岩进行了主元素、微量元素含量(含稀土元素)和Sm-Nd同位素组成分析。分析结果表明,石炭系砂岩均具有与澳大利亚后太古宙平均页岩(PAAS)接近的主元素和微量元素含量及配分形式;REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式均显示出LREE富集的右倾形。南好组和青天峡组砂岩的La/Yb值分别为9.17~16.65(D12为33.9)和8.88~12.10,δEu值分别为0.55~0.68和0.45~0.72。Sm-Nd同位素分析显示,南好组砂岩ε_(Nd(330Ma))值和模式年龄分别在-12.37~-3.07(平均值-8.86)和1339~1937 Ma之间,青天峡组砂岩ε_(Nd(310Ma))值和模式年龄分别在-8.35~-0.35(平均值-5.15)和1136~1651 Ma之间。南好组砂岩具有较高的Th/Sc值,分布在0.58~2.38之间(平均值1.58),绝大部分样品Th/Sc值大于1,显示沉积物再循环的特征。青天峡组砂岩的Th/Sc值分布在0.61~1.07之间(平均值0.86),显示物源中火山物质的增加。Co/Th-La/Sc和ε_(Nd)-Th/Sc图解表明,南好组砂岩物源以上地壳物质再循环为主,年轻火山岩物质贡献不明显,物源更为分散;青天峡组砂岩的物源以上地壳火山岩为主。从Ti/Zr-La/Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10构造判别图解可以发现,下石炭统南好组砂岩落在被动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧区域内;上石炭统青天峡组砂岩分布在大陆岛弧或大陆岛弧和被动大陆边缘,相对更靠近大陆岛弧环境。根据上述地球化学对比研究推断,自早石炭世至晚石炭世,海南岛石碌地区处于被动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧环境演化的环境。在石炭纪,海南岛处于被动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧环境转换的环境,这一构造背景与印支板块向华南板块俯冲和古特提斯洋消减这一构造事件相吻合。
Geochemical compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics can effectively identify the provenances and tectonic settings of clastic sedimentary rocks.This paper focuses itself on two Carboniferous successions,i.e.,the Lower Carboniferous Nanhao Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Qingtianxia Formation in the Shilu region,western Hainan Province,South China.Major and trace element compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions were analyzed for 12 sandstone samples from the Nanhao Formation(7) and the Qingtianxia Formation(5) in order to investigate their provenance and tectonic environment,and to provide constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Hainan Island during the Carboniferous period.The analytical results show that the sandstones of different ages have the characteristics similar to those of the post-Archean Australia Average Shale(PAAS) in major and trace element compositions.In the chondrite-normalized REE patterns,both Nanhao and Qingtianxia groups are enriched in LRRE and depleted in HRRE.The La/Yb ratios of the Nanhao and Qingtianxia groups are 9.17~16.65(D12=33.9) and 8.88-12.10,and the δEu ratios are 0.54-0.66 and 0.45-0.72,respectively.The Nd isotope data show that the ε_(Nd)(310Ma) values and t_(DM) ages of the Nanhao Group sandstones range from-12.37 to-3.07(averaging-8.86) and from 1339 Ma to 1947 Ma.The ε_(Nd)(310Ma) values and t_(DM) ages of the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones range from-8.35 to-0.35(averaging-5.15) and from 1136 Ma to 1651 Ma.Most of the Nanhao Formation sandstones have higher Th/Sc ratios(> 1.0),showing the recycling provenance of the main upper continental crust.In comparison with the Nanhao sandstone samples,the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones have lower Th/Sc ratios ranging from 0.61 to 1.07(averaging 0.86),suggesting that a larger proportion of arc materials was inputted into the provenance.The Co/Th-La/Sc and ε_(Nd)-Th/Sc plots also reveal that the provenances for the Nanhao Formation sandstones were dominated by old upper continental crust components,and the provenances for the Qingtianxia Formation were dominated by younger arc materials.The Ti/Zr-La/Sc and Th-Sc-Zr/10 plots further reflect that the Nanhao Formation sandstones were deposited on the passive continental margin and the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones were deposited in a continental island arc.In combination with the results of former studies,the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones were likely deposited in a back-arc basin setting closer to a continental margin.The Hainan Island most likely underwent a tectonic transformation from a passive margin setting to a continental island arc setting during the Carboniferous period.This transformation might be the result of subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean to the South China continent.
Geochemical compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics can effectively identify the provenances and tectonic settings of clastic sedimentary rocks.This paper focuses itself on two Carboniferous successions,i.e.,the Lower Carboniferous Nanhao Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Qingtianxia Formation in the Shilu region,western Hainan Province,South China.Major and trace element compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions were analyzed for 12 sandstone samples from the Nanhao Formation(7) and the Qingtianxia Formation(5) in order to investigate their provenance and tectonic environment,and to provide constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Hainan Island during the Carboniferous period.The analytical results show that the sandstones of different ages have the characteristics similar to those of the post-Archean Australia Average Shale(PAAS) in major and trace element compositions.In the chondrite-normalized REE patterns,both Nanhao and Qingtianxia groups are enriched in LRRE and depleted in HRRE.The La/Yb ratios of the Nanhao and Qingtianxia groups are 9.17~16.65(D12=33.9) and 8.88-12.10,and the δEu ratios are 0.54-0.66 and 0.45-0.72,respectively.The Nd isotope data show that the ε_(Nd)(310Ma) values and t_(DM) ages of the Nanhao Group sandstones range from-12.37 to-3.07(averaging-8.86) and from 1339 Ma to 1947 Ma.The ε_(Nd)(310Ma) values and t_(DM) ages of the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones range from-8.35 to-0.35(averaging-5.15) and from 1136 Ma to 1651 Ma.Most of the Nanhao Formation sandstones have higher Th/Sc ratios(> 1.0),showing the recycling provenance of the main upper continental crust.In comparison with the Nanhao sandstone samples,the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones have lower Th/Sc ratios ranging from 0.61 to 1.07(averaging 0.86),suggesting that a larger proportion of arc materials was inputted into the provenance.The Co/Th-La/Sc and ε_(Nd)-Th/Sc plots also reveal that the provenances for the Nanhao Formation sandstones were dominated by old upper continental crust components,and the provenances for the Qingtianxia Formation were dominated by younger arc materials.The Ti/Zr-La/Sc and Th-Sc-Zr/10 plots further reflect that the Nanhao Formation sandstones were deposited on the passive continental margin and the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones were deposited in a continental island arc.In combination with the results of former studies,the Qingtianxia Formation sandstones were likely deposited in a back-arc basin setting closer to a continental margin.The Hainan Island most likely underwent a tectonic transformation from a passive margin setting to a continental island arc setting during the Carboniferous period.This transformation might be the result of subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean to the South China continent.
引文
[1]陈哲培,钟盛中,何圣华,陈怡川.海南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:1-114.Chen Zhe-pei,Zhong Sheng-zhong,He Sheng-hua,Chen Yi-chuan.Stratigraphy(Lithostratic)of Hainan Province[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1997:1-114(in Chinese).
[2]汪啸风,马大铨,蒋大海.海南岛地质(一):地层古生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:1-280.Wang Xiao-feng,Ma Da-quan,Jiang Da-hai.Geology of Hainan Island(1):Stratigraphy and Paleontology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:1-280(in Chinese).
[3]夏邦栋,施光宇,方中,于津海,王赐银,陶仙聪,李惠民.海南岛晚古生代裂谷作用[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):103-115.Xia Bang-dong,Shi Guang-yu,Fang Zhong,Yu Jin-hai,Wang Ci-yin,Tao Xian-cong,Li Hui-min.The Late Palaeozoic rifting in Hainan Island,China[J].Acta Geol Sinica,1991,65(2):103-115(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]夏邦栋,于津海,方中,王赐银,施光宇.海南岛石炭纪双峰式火山岩及其板块构造背景[J].岩石学报,1991(1):54-62.Xia Bang-dong,Yu Jin-hai,Fang Zhong,Wang Ci-yin,Shi Guang-yu.The Carboniferous bimodal volcanic rocks in Hainan Island and their plate tectonic setting[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,1991(1):54-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]李献华,周汉文,丁式江,李寄蜗,张仁杰,张业明,葛文春.海南岛“邦溪-晨星蛇绿岩片”的时代及其构造意义——Sm-Nd同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2000,16(3):425-432.Li Xian-hua,Zhou Han-wen,Ding Shi-jiang,Lee Chi-yu,Zhang Ren-jie,Zhang Ye-ming,Ge Wen-chun.Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on the age of the Bangxi-Chenxing ophiolite in Hainan Island:Implications for the tectonic evolution of eastern Paleo-Tethys[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2000,16(3):425-432(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Li X H,Zhou H W,Chung S L,Ding S J,Liu Y,Lee C Y,Ge W C,Zhang Y M,Zhang R J.Geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics of metabasites from central Hainan Island,South China and their tectonic significance[J].Island Arc,2002,11(3):193-205.
[7]许德如,陈广浩,夏斌,陈涛.海南岛几个重大基础地质问题评述[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):37-45.Xu De-ru,Chen Guang-hao,Xia Bin,Chen Tao.Comment on several important basic geological problems in Hainan island,China[J].Geol Sci Technol Inf,2003,22(4):37-45(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]Xu D R,Wang Z L,Cai J X,Wu C J,Nonna B C,Wang L,Chen H Y,Baker M J,Kusiak M A.Geological characteristics and metallogenesis of the shilu Fe-ore deposit in Hainan Province,South China[J].Ore Geol Rev,2013,53:318-342.
[9]Bhatia M R.Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones[J].J Geol,1983,91(6):611-627.
[10]Bhatia M R,Crook K A.Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins[J].Contrib Mineral Petrol,1986,92(2):181-193.
[11]Ghosh S,Sarkar S.Geochemistry of Permo-Triassic mudstone of the Satpura Gondwana basin,central India:Clues for provenance[J].Chem Geol,2010,277(1/2):78-100.
[12]Gu X,Liu J,Zheng M,Tang J,Qi L.Provenance and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic turbidites in Hunan,South China:Geochemical evidence[J].J Sediment Res,2002,72(3):393-407.
[13]Mader D,Neubauer F.Provenance of Palaeozoic sandstones from the Carnic Alps(Austria):Petrographic and geochemical indicators[J].Int J Earth Sci,2004,93(2):262-281.
[14]McLennan S,Taylor S.Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution:Tectonic setting and secular trends[J].J Geol,1991,99(1):1-21.
[15]McLennan S,Hemming S,McDaniel D,Hanson G.Geochemical approaches to sedimentation,provenance,and tectonics[J].Spec Papers Geol Soc Am,1993,284:21-40.
[16]Miall A D.Sedimention and Plate Tectonics[M]//Miall A D.Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.Berlin:Springer,2000:467-593.
[17]Raza M,Khan A,Bhardwaj V R,Rais S.Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of upper Vindhyan Group,southeastern Rajasthan and implications for weathering history,composition and tectonic setting of continental crust in the northern part of Indian shield[J].J Asian Earth Sci,2012,48:160-172.
[18]Bauluz B,Mayayo M J,Fernandez-Nieto C,Lopez J M G.Geochemistry of Precambrian and Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks from the Iberian Range(NE Spain):Implications for sourcearea weathering,sorting,provenance,and tectonic setting[J].Chem Geol,2000,168(1/2):135-150.
[19]Xu D R,Wang Z L,Chen H Y,Hollings P,Jansen N H,Zhang Z C,Wu C J.Petrography and geochemistry of the Shilu Fe-Co-Cu ore district,South China:Implications for the origin of a Neoproterozoic BIF system[J].Ore Geol Rev,2014,57:322-350.
[20]许德如,林舸,梁新权,陈广浩,唐红峰.海南岛前寒纪岩石圈演化的记录:基性岩类岩石地球化学证据[J].岩石学报,2001,22(4):598-608.Xu De-ru,Lin Ge,Liang Xin-quan,Chen Guang-hao,Tang Hong-feng.The records of the evolution of Precambrian lithospher:The evidences of petrology and gecohemistry of basic rocks on Hainan IsIand[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2001,22(4):598-608(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]张业明,张仁杰,姚华舟,马国干.海南岛前寒武纪地壳构造演化[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):59-64.Zhang Ye-ming,Zhang Ren-jie,Yao Hua-zhou,Ma Guo-gan.The Precambrian crustal tectonic evolution in Hainan Island[J].Earth Sci,1997,22(4):59-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Li Z X,Li X H,Li W X,Ding S.Was Cathaysia part of Proterozoic Laurentia?—New data from Hainan Island,south China[J].Terra Nova,2008,20(2):154-164.
[23]梁新权,侯威,陈惠芳.海南岛戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带基本特征及其成矿意义[J]l大地构造与成矿学,1990,14(3):255-265.Liang Xin-quan,Hou wei,Chen Hui-fang.Characteristics of the gezhen brittle-ductile superimposition shear zone and its significance for ore formation[J].Geotecton Metallogen,1990,14(3):255-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]战明国,张树淮,刘国庆.海南岛西部戈枕含金剪切带及其金矿成矿系列[J].矿床地质,1996,15(4):2-10.Zhan Ming-guo,Zhang Shu-hai,Liu Guo-qing.The Gezhen auriferous shear zone and related metallogenic series in western Hainan Island[J].Mineral Deposit,1996,15(4):2-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]Li Z X.Tectonic history of the major east Asian lithospheric blocks since the mid-Proterozoic-A synthesis[M]//Flower M F J,Chung S-L,Lo C-H,Lee T-Y.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington DC:American Geophysical Union,1998:221-243.
[26]Liu Bao-jun,Xu Xiao-song.Atlas of the Lithofacies and Palaeogeography of South China:(Sinian-Triassic)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994:1-188.
[27]Metcalfe I,Shergold I H,Li Z X.IGCP321 Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Fieldworkon Hainan Island[J].Episodes,1994,16:443-447.
[28]Xu D R,Xia B,Li P C,Chen G H,Ma C,Zhang Y Q.Protolith natures and U-Pb sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe(SHRIMP)zircon ages of the metabasites in Hainan Island,South China:Implications for geodynamic evolution since the late Precambrian[J].Island Arc,2007,16(4):575-597.
[29]Hs(u|¨)K J,Li J,Chen H,Pen H,Sengor A M C.Tectonics of South China:Key to understanding West Pacific geology[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183(1):9-39.
[30]张仁杰,冯少南,徐光洪,杨德骊,鄢道平,李志宏,蒋大海,吴炜.Chuaria-Tawuia生物群在海南岛石碌群的发现及意义[J].中国科学(B辑),1989,19(3):304-312.Zhang Renjie,Feng Shaonan,Xu Guanghong,Yang Deli,Yan Daoping,Li Zhihong,Jiang Dahai,Wu Wei.Discovery of Chuaria-Tawuia biota and its significance in Hainan Island[J].Sci China(B),1989,19(3):304-312(in Chinese).
[31]陈哲培,李孙雄,云平,林义华,汪焰华,陈方颖,龚丹.海南省南好地区南好组地质特征及时代[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):651-661.Chen Zhe-pei,Li Sun-xiong,Yun Ping,Lin Yi-hua,Wang Yan-hua,Chen Fang-ying,Gong Dan.Geological characteristics and age of Nanhao Formation in Nanhao Area,Hainan Province[J].Geol China,2012,39(3):651-661(in Chinese with English abstract).
[32]Goto A,Tatsumi Y.Quantitative analysis of rock samples by an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(Ⅱ)[J].The Rigaku Journal,1996,13(2):20-38.
[33]Li X H,Qi C S,Liu Y,Liang X R,Tu X L,Xie L W,Yang Y H.Petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block:New constraints from Hf isotopes and Fe/Mn ratios[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2005,50(21):2481-2486.
[34]李献华,刘颖,涂湘林,胡光黔,曾文.硅酸盐岩石化学组成的ICP-AES和ICP-MS准确测定:酸溶与碱熔分解样品方法的对比[J].地球化学,2002,31(3):289-294.Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying,Tu Xiang-lin,Hu Guang-qian,Zeng Wen.Precise determination of chemical compositions in silicate rocks using ICP-AES and ICP-MS:A comparative study of sample digestion techniques of alkali fusion and acid dissolution[J].Geochimica,2002,31(3):289-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
[35]Liang Xi-rong,Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying,LEE Chee-yu.Laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry:A new method for rapid determination of multiple elements in rock samples[J].J Instrum Anal,2000,19:33-36.
[36]刘颖,刘海臣,李献华.用ICP-MS准确测定岩石样品中的40余种微量元素[J].地球化学,1996,25(6):552-558.Liu Ying,Liu Hai-chen,Li Xian-hua.Simultaneous and precise determination of 40 trace elements in rock samples using ICP-MS[J].Geochimica,1996,25(6):552-558(in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]Halliday A N,Lee D C,Chirstensen J N,Rehkamper M,Yi W,Luo X Z,Hall C M,Ballentine C J,Pettke T,Stirling C.Applications of multiple collector-ICPMS to cosmochemistry,geochemistry,and paleoceanography[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1998,62(6):919-940.
[38]梁细荣,韦刚健,李献华,刘颖.利用MC-ICPMS精确测定~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd和Sm/Nd比值[J].地球化学,2003,32(1):91-96.Liang Xi-rong,Wei Gang-jian,Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying.Precise measurement of~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd and Sm/Nd ratios using multiple-collectors inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer(MC-ICPMS)[J].Geochimica,2003,32(1):91-96(in Chinese with English abstract).
[39]Masuda A,Nakamura N,Tanaka T.Fine structures of mutually normalized rare-earth patterns of chondrites[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1973,37(2):239-248.
[40]Herron M M.Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data[J].J Sediment Petrol,1988,58(5):820-829.
[41]McDonough W F,Sun S-s.The composition of the Earth[J].Chem Geol,1995,120(3):223-253.
[42]Bhatia M R.Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian paleozoic graywackes and mudrock:Provenance and tectonic control[J].Sediment Geol,1985,45(1/2):97-113.
[43]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(5885):715-717.
[44]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:152-155.Chen Jun,Wang He-nian.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:152-155(in Chinese).
[45]Tao Huifei,Wang Qingchen,Yang Xiaofa,Jiang Lin.Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Carboniferous clastic rocks in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China:A case from the Hala-alat Mountains[J].J Asian Earth Sci,2013,64:210-222.
[46]李双应,李任伟,岳书仓,王道轩,刘因,孟庆任,金福令.安徽肥西中生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2004,20(3):667-676.Li Shuang-ying,Li Ren-wei,Yue Shu-cang,Wang Dao-xuan,Liu Yin,Meng Qing-ren,Jin Fu-quan.Geochemistry of Mesozoic detrital rocks and its constrains on provenance in Feixin are,Anhui Provence[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2004,20(3):667-676(in Chinese with English abstract).
[47]Fedo C M,Wayne N H,Young G M.Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J].Geol Soc Am,1995,23(10):921-924.
[48]Tran H T,Ansdell K,Bethune K,Watters B,Ashton K.Nd isotope and geochemical constraints on the depositional setting of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks along the margin of the Archean Hearne craton,Saskatchewan,Canada[J].Precamb Res,2003,123(1):1-28.
[49]Condie K C.Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust:Contrasting results from surface samples and shales[J].Chem Geol,1993,104(1):1-37.
[50]唐红峰.海南岛晨星玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造环境含义[J].大地构造与成矿学,1999,23(4):323-327.Tang Hong-feng.Geochemical characteristics of the basalt from Chenxing,Hainan Island and their tectonic implication[J].Geotecton Metallogen,1999,23(4):323-327(in Chinese with English abstract).
[51]李献华,周汉文,丁式江,李寄嵎,张仁杰,张业明,葛文春.海南岛洋中脊型变质基性岩:古特提斯洋壳的残片?[J]科学通报,2000,45(1):84-89.Li Xianhua,Zhou Hanwen,Ding Shijiang,Lee Chiyu,Zhang Renjie,Zhang Yeming,Ge Wenchun.Metamorphosed mafic rocks N-type MORB geochemical features in Hainan Island,Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust?[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2000,45(1):84-89(in Chinese).
[52]殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生,彭元桥.华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J].地球科学,1999,24(1):3-14.Yin Hong-fu,Wu Shun-bao,Du Yuan-sheng,Peng Yuan-qiao.South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J].Earth Sci J China Univ Geosci,1999,24(1):3-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
[53]谢才富,朱金初,丁式江,张业明,付太安,李志宏.琼中海西期钾玄质侵入岩的厘定及其构造意义[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1944-1954.Xie Caifu,Zhu Jinchu,Ding Shijiang,Zhang Yeming,Fu Taian,Li Zhihong.Stipulation and tectonic significance of Hercynian shoshonitic intrusive rocks in central Hainan[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2006,51(16):1944-1954(in Chinese).
[2]汪啸风,马大铨,蒋大海.海南岛地质(一):地层古生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:1-280.Wang Xiao-feng,Ma Da-quan,Jiang Da-hai.Geology of Hainan Island(1):Stratigraphy and Paleontology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:1-280(in Chinese).
[3]夏邦栋,施光宇,方中,于津海,王赐银,陶仙聪,李惠民.海南岛晚古生代裂谷作用[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):103-115.Xia Bang-dong,Shi Guang-yu,Fang Zhong,Yu Jin-hai,Wang Ci-yin,Tao Xian-cong,Li Hui-min.The Late Palaeozoic rifting in Hainan Island,China[J].Acta Geol Sinica,1991,65(2):103-115(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]夏邦栋,于津海,方中,王赐银,施光宇.海南岛石炭纪双峰式火山岩及其板块构造背景[J].岩石学报,1991(1):54-62.Xia Bang-dong,Yu Jin-hai,Fang Zhong,Wang Ci-yin,Shi Guang-yu.The Carboniferous bimodal volcanic rocks in Hainan Island and their plate tectonic setting[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,1991(1):54-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]李献华,周汉文,丁式江,李寄蜗,张仁杰,张业明,葛文春.海南岛“邦溪-晨星蛇绿岩片”的时代及其构造意义——Sm-Nd同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2000,16(3):425-432.Li Xian-hua,Zhou Han-wen,Ding Shi-jiang,Lee Chi-yu,Zhang Ren-jie,Zhang Ye-ming,Ge Wen-chun.Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on the age of the Bangxi-Chenxing ophiolite in Hainan Island:Implications for the tectonic evolution of eastern Paleo-Tethys[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2000,16(3):425-432(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Li X H,Zhou H W,Chung S L,Ding S J,Liu Y,Lee C Y,Ge W C,Zhang Y M,Zhang R J.Geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics of metabasites from central Hainan Island,South China and their tectonic significance[J].Island Arc,2002,11(3):193-205.
[7]许德如,陈广浩,夏斌,陈涛.海南岛几个重大基础地质问题评述[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):37-45.Xu De-ru,Chen Guang-hao,Xia Bin,Chen Tao.Comment on several important basic geological problems in Hainan island,China[J].Geol Sci Technol Inf,2003,22(4):37-45(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]Xu D R,Wang Z L,Cai J X,Wu C J,Nonna B C,Wang L,Chen H Y,Baker M J,Kusiak M A.Geological characteristics and metallogenesis of the shilu Fe-ore deposit in Hainan Province,South China[J].Ore Geol Rev,2013,53:318-342.
[9]Bhatia M R.Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones[J].J Geol,1983,91(6):611-627.
[10]Bhatia M R,Crook K A.Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins[J].Contrib Mineral Petrol,1986,92(2):181-193.
[11]Ghosh S,Sarkar S.Geochemistry of Permo-Triassic mudstone of the Satpura Gondwana basin,central India:Clues for provenance[J].Chem Geol,2010,277(1/2):78-100.
[12]Gu X,Liu J,Zheng M,Tang J,Qi L.Provenance and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic turbidites in Hunan,South China:Geochemical evidence[J].J Sediment Res,2002,72(3):393-407.
[13]Mader D,Neubauer F.Provenance of Palaeozoic sandstones from the Carnic Alps(Austria):Petrographic and geochemical indicators[J].Int J Earth Sci,2004,93(2):262-281.
[14]McLennan S,Taylor S.Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution:Tectonic setting and secular trends[J].J Geol,1991,99(1):1-21.
[15]McLennan S,Hemming S,McDaniel D,Hanson G.Geochemical approaches to sedimentation,provenance,and tectonics[J].Spec Papers Geol Soc Am,1993,284:21-40.
[16]Miall A D.Sedimention and Plate Tectonics[M]//Miall A D.Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.Berlin:Springer,2000:467-593.
[17]Raza M,Khan A,Bhardwaj V R,Rais S.Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of upper Vindhyan Group,southeastern Rajasthan and implications for weathering history,composition and tectonic setting of continental crust in the northern part of Indian shield[J].J Asian Earth Sci,2012,48:160-172.
[18]Bauluz B,Mayayo M J,Fernandez-Nieto C,Lopez J M G.Geochemistry of Precambrian and Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks from the Iberian Range(NE Spain):Implications for sourcearea weathering,sorting,provenance,and tectonic setting[J].Chem Geol,2000,168(1/2):135-150.
[19]Xu D R,Wang Z L,Chen H Y,Hollings P,Jansen N H,Zhang Z C,Wu C J.Petrography and geochemistry of the Shilu Fe-Co-Cu ore district,South China:Implications for the origin of a Neoproterozoic BIF system[J].Ore Geol Rev,2014,57:322-350.
[20]许德如,林舸,梁新权,陈广浩,唐红峰.海南岛前寒纪岩石圈演化的记录:基性岩类岩石地球化学证据[J].岩石学报,2001,22(4):598-608.Xu De-ru,Lin Ge,Liang Xin-quan,Chen Guang-hao,Tang Hong-feng.The records of the evolution of Precambrian lithospher:The evidences of petrology and gecohemistry of basic rocks on Hainan IsIand[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2001,22(4):598-608(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]张业明,张仁杰,姚华舟,马国干.海南岛前寒武纪地壳构造演化[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):59-64.Zhang Ye-ming,Zhang Ren-jie,Yao Hua-zhou,Ma Guo-gan.The Precambrian crustal tectonic evolution in Hainan Island[J].Earth Sci,1997,22(4):59-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Li Z X,Li X H,Li W X,Ding S.Was Cathaysia part of Proterozoic Laurentia?—New data from Hainan Island,south China[J].Terra Nova,2008,20(2):154-164.
[23]梁新权,侯威,陈惠芳.海南岛戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带基本特征及其成矿意义[J]l大地构造与成矿学,1990,14(3):255-265.Liang Xin-quan,Hou wei,Chen Hui-fang.Characteristics of the gezhen brittle-ductile superimposition shear zone and its significance for ore formation[J].Geotecton Metallogen,1990,14(3):255-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]战明国,张树淮,刘国庆.海南岛西部戈枕含金剪切带及其金矿成矿系列[J].矿床地质,1996,15(4):2-10.Zhan Ming-guo,Zhang Shu-hai,Liu Guo-qing.The Gezhen auriferous shear zone and related metallogenic series in western Hainan Island[J].Mineral Deposit,1996,15(4):2-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]Li Z X.Tectonic history of the major east Asian lithospheric blocks since the mid-Proterozoic-A synthesis[M]//Flower M F J,Chung S-L,Lo C-H,Lee T-Y.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington DC:American Geophysical Union,1998:221-243.
[26]Liu Bao-jun,Xu Xiao-song.Atlas of the Lithofacies and Palaeogeography of South China:(Sinian-Triassic)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994:1-188.
[27]Metcalfe I,Shergold I H,Li Z X.IGCP321 Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Fieldworkon Hainan Island[J].Episodes,1994,16:443-447.
[28]Xu D R,Xia B,Li P C,Chen G H,Ma C,Zhang Y Q.Protolith natures and U-Pb sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe(SHRIMP)zircon ages of the metabasites in Hainan Island,South China:Implications for geodynamic evolution since the late Precambrian[J].Island Arc,2007,16(4):575-597.
[29]Hs(u|¨)K J,Li J,Chen H,Pen H,Sengor A M C.Tectonics of South China:Key to understanding West Pacific geology[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183(1):9-39.
[30]张仁杰,冯少南,徐光洪,杨德骊,鄢道平,李志宏,蒋大海,吴炜.Chuaria-Tawuia生物群在海南岛石碌群的发现及意义[J].中国科学(B辑),1989,19(3):304-312.Zhang Renjie,Feng Shaonan,Xu Guanghong,Yang Deli,Yan Daoping,Li Zhihong,Jiang Dahai,Wu Wei.Discovery of Chuaria-Tawuia biota and its significance in Hainan Island[J].Sci China(B),1989,19(3):304-312(in Chinese).
[31]陈哲培,李孙雄,云平,林义华,汪焰华,陈方颖,龚丹.海南省南好地区南好组地质特征及时代[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):651-661.Chen Zhe-pei,Li Sun-xiong,Yun Ping,Lin Yi-hua,Wang Yan-hua,Chen Fang-ying,Gong Dan.Geological characteristics and age of Nanhao Formation in Nanhao Area,Hainan Province[J].Geol China,2012,39(3):651-661(in Chinese with English abstract).
[32]Goto A,Tatsumi Y.Quantitative analysis of rock samples by an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(Ⅱ)[J].The Rigaku Journal,1996,13(2):20-38.
[33]Li X H,Qi C S,Liu Y,Liang X R,Tu X L,Xie L W,Yang Y H.Petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block:New constraints from Hf isotopes and Fe/Mn ratios[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2005,50(21):2481-2486.
[34]李献华,刘颖,涂湘林,胡光黔,曾文.硅酸盐岩石化学组成的ICP-AES和ICP-MS准确测定:酸溶与碱熔分解样品方法的对比[J].地球化学,2002,31(3):289-294.Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying,Tu Xiang-lin,Hu Guang-qian,Zeng Wen.Precise determination of chemical compositions in silicate rocks using ICP-AES and ICP-MS:A comparative study of sample digestion techniques of alkali fusion and acid dissolution[J].Geochimica,2002,31(3):289-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
[35]Liang Xi-rong,Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying,LEE Chee-yu.Laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry:A new method for rapid determination of multiple elements in rock samples[J].J Instrum Anal,2000,19:33-36.
[36]刘颖,刘海臣,李献华.用ICP-MS准确测定岩石样品中的40余种微量元素[J].地球化学,1996,25(6):552-558.Liu Ying,Liu Hai-chen,Li Xian-hua.Simultaneous and precise determination of 40 trace elements in rock samples using ICP-MS[J].Geochimica,1996,25(6):552-558(in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]Halliday A N,Lee D C,Chirstensen J N,Rehkamper M,Yi W,Luo X Z,Hall C M,Ballentine C J,Pettke T,Stirling C.Applications of multiple collector-ICPMS to cosmochemistry,geochemistry,and paleoceanography[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1998,62(6):919-940.
[38]梁细荣,韦刚健,李献华,刘颖.利用MC-ICPMS精确测定~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd和Sm/Nd比值[J].地球化学,2003,32(1):91-96.Liang Xi-rong,Wei Gang-jian,Li Xian-hua,Liu Ying.Precise measurement of~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd and Sm/Nd ratios using multiple-collectors inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer(MC-ICPMS)[J].Geochimica,2003,32(1):91-96(in Chinese with English abstract).
[39]Masuda A,Nakamura N,Tanaka T.Fine structures of mutually normalized rare-earth patterns of chondrites[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1973,37(2):239-248.
[40]Herron M M.Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data[J].J Sediment Petrol,1988,58(5):820-829.
[41]McDonough W F,Sun S-s.The composition of the Earth[J].Chem Geol,1995,120(3):223-253.
[42]Bhatia M R.Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian paleozoic graywackes and mudrock:Provenance and tectonic control[J].Sediment Geol,1985,45(1/2):97-113.
[43]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(5885):715-717.
[44]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:152-155.Chen Jun,Wang He-nian.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:152-155(in Chinese).
[45]Tao Huifei,Wang Qingchen,Yang Xiaofa,Jiang Lin.Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Carboniferous clastic rocks in West Junggar,Xinjiang,China:A case from the Hala-alat Mountains[J].J Asian Earth Sci,2013,64:210-222.
[46]李双应,李任伟,岳书仓,王道轩,刘因,孟庆任,金福令.安徽肥西中生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2004,20(3):667-676.Li Shuang-ying,Li Ren-wei,Yue Shu-cang,Wang Dao-xuan,Liu Yin,Meng Qing-ren,Jin Fu-quan.Geochemistry of Mesozoic detrital rocks and its constrains on provenance in Feixin are,Anhui Provence[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2004,20(3):667-676(in Chinese with English abstract).
[47]Fedo C M,Wayne N H,Young G M.Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J].Geol Soc Am,1995,23(10):921-924.
[48]Tran H T,Ansdell K,Bethune K,Watters B,Ashton K.Nd isotope and geochemical constraints on the depositional setting of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks along the margin of the Archean Hearne craton,Saskatchewan,Canada[J].Precamb Res,2003,123(1):1-28.
[49]Condie K C.Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust:Contrasting results from surface samples and shales[J].Chem Geol,1993,104(1):1-37.
[50]唐红峰.海南岛晨星玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造环境含义[J].大地构造与成矿学,1999,23(4):323-327.Tang Hong-feng.Geochemical characteristics of the basalt from Chenxing,Hainan Island and their tectonic implication[J].Geotecton Metallogen,1999,23(4):323-327(in Chinese with English abstract).
[51]李献华,周汉文,丁式江,李寄嵎,张仁杰,张业明,葛文春.海南岛洋中脊型变质基性岩:古特提斯洋壳的残片?[J]科学通报,2000,45(1):84-89.Li Xianhua,Zhou Hanwen,Ding Shijiang,Lee Chiyu,Zhang Renjie,Zhang Yeming,Ge Wenchun.Metamorphosed mafic rocks N-type MORB geochemical features in Hainan Island,Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust?[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2000,45(1):84-89(in Chinese).
[52]殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生,彭元桥.华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J].地球科学,1999,24(1):3-14.Yin Hong-fu,Wu Shun-bao,Du Yuan-sheng,Peng Yuan-qiao.South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J].Earth Sci J China Univ Geosci,1999,24(1):3-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
[53]谢才富,朱金初,丁式江,张业明,付太安,李志宏.琼中海西期钾玄质侵入岩的厘定及其构造意义[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1944-1954.Xie Caifu,Zhu Jinchu,Ding Shijiang,Zhang Yeming,Fu Taian,Li Zhihong.Stipulation and tectonic significance of Hercynian shoshonitic intrusive rocks in central Hainan[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2006,51(16):1944-1954(in Chinese).