超冷原子系综的非高斯纠缠态与精密测量
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摘要
量子精密测量是基于量子力学的基本原理对特定物理量实施测量,并利用量子效应提高测量精度的交叉科学.随着超冷原子实验技术的发展,超冷原子为量子精密测量提供了一个优异的研究平台.利用发展成熟的量子调控技术,人们可以基于超冷原子系综制备一些新奇的非高斯多粒子纠缠态.基于多体量子干涉,利用这些非高斯纠缠态作为输入,可以实现超越标准量子极限的高精度测量.本文简要综述这一研究领域的进展.
Quantum metrology is the interdisciplinary of investigating how to utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to perform parameter estimation and improve the measurement precision by quantum effects. With the experimental developments of ultracold atoms, ultracold atomic ensemble provides an excellent platform for implementing quantum metrology. Attributed to well-developed techniques of quantum control, one can prepare several exotic non-Gaussian multi-particle entangled states in the ensembles of ultracold atoms. Based on manybody quanum interferometry, and using these non-Gaussian entangled states as probe, the high-precision measurement beyond the standard quantum limit can be realized. This article introduces the background and advancement of this field.
Quantum metrology is the interdisciplinary of investigating how to utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to perform parameter estimation and improve the measurement precision by quantum effects. With the experimental developments of ultracold atoms, ultracold atomic ensemble provides an excellent platform for implementing quantum metrology. Attributed to well-developed techniques of quantum control, one can prepare several exotic non-Gaussian multi-particle entangled states in the ensembles of ultracold atoms. Based on manybody quanum interferometry, and using these non-Gaussian entangled states as probe, the high-precision measurement beyond the standard quantum limit can be realized. This article introduces the background and advancement of this field.
引文
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[68] Nielsen A, Molmer K 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 063803
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[70] Lombardo D, Twamley J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 13884
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[72] Huang J, Zhuang M, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 032116
[73] Lee C, Fu L, Kivshar Y 2008 EPL 81 60006
[74]Xing H, Wang A, Tan Q, Zhang W, Yi S 2016 Phys. Rev. A93 043615
[75]YukawaE,MilburnG,NemotoK2018Phys. Rev. A97013820
[76] Hatomura T 2018 New J. Phys. 20 015010
[77] Dunningham J, Burnett K 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 033601
[78]CamposR,GerryC,BenmoussaA2003Phys. Rev. A68023810
[79]Savas D, Peter W G, Jason M H, Mark A K 2008 Phys. Rev.D 78 122002
[80]AuzinshM,BudkerD,KimballDF,RochesterSM,Stalnaker J E 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 173002
[81]Helm J, Billam T, Rakonjac A, Cornish S, Gardiner S 2018Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 063201
[82]NolanS,SabbatiniJ,BromleyM,DavisM,HaineS2016Phys. Rev. A 93 023616
[83]Kessler E, Kómár P, Bishof M, Jiang L, S?rensen A, Ye J,Lukin M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 190403
[84] Dorner U 2012 New J. Phys. 14 043011
[85] Weinstein J, Beloy K, Derevianko A 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81030302(R)
[2]Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96010401
[3] Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2004 Science 306 1330
[4]PezzèL,SmerziA,OberthalerM,SchmiedR,TreutleinP2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 035005
[5]Zhou L, Long S, Tang B, Chen X, Gao F, Peng W, Duan W,ZhongJ,XiongZ,WangJ,ZhangY,ZhanM2015Phys.Rev. Lett. 115 013004
[6]Williams J, Chiow S, Yu N, Müller H 2016 New J. Phys. 18025018
[7]DickersonS,HoganJ,SugarbakerA,JohnsonD,Kasevich M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 083001
[8]GrahamP,HoganJ,KasevichM,RajendranS 2013Phys.Rev. Lett. 110 171102
[9] Müntinga H, Ahlers H, Krutzik M, Wenzlawski A, Arnold S,BeckerD,BongsK,DittusH,DunckerH,GaaloulN,GherasimC,GieseE,GrzeschikC,H?nschT,HellmigO,Herr W, Herrmann S, Kajari E, Kleinert S, L?mmerzahl C,Lewoczko-AdamczykW,MalcolmJ,MeyerN,NolteR,PetersA,PoppM,ReichelJ,RouraA,RudolphJ,Schiemangk M, Schneider M, Seidel S, Sengstock K, Tamma V,ValenzuelaT,VogelA,WalserR,WendrichT,Windpassinger P, Zeller W, Zoest T, Ertmer W, Schleich W,Rasel E 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 093602
[10]DoldeF,FedderH,DohertyM,N?bauerT,RemppF,BalsubramanianG,WolfT,ReinhardF,HollenbergL,Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 459
[11]Cooper J, Hallwood D, Dunningham J 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81043624
[12]BotoA,KokP,AbramsD,BraunsteinS,WilliamsC,Dowling J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2733
[13]OckeloenC,SchmiedR,RiedelM,TreutleinP2013Phys.Rev. Lett. 111 143001
[14] Georgescu I 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 474
[15]Wasilewski W, Jensen K, Krauter H, Renema J, Balabas M,Polzik E 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 133601
[16]Ke Y, Huang J, Zhuang M, Lu B, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A98 053826
[17]Riedel M, B?hi P, Li Y, H?nsch T, Sinatra A, Treutlein P2010 Nature 461 1170
[18]Gross C, Zibold T, Nicklas E, Estève J, Oberthaler M 2010Nature 464 1165
[19] Wineland D 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 1103
[20] Blatt R, Wineland D 2008 Nature 453 1008
[21]LeibfriedD,De MarcoB,MeyerV,RoweM,Ben-KishA,Britton J, Itano W, Jelenkovi?B, Langer C, Rosenband T,Wineland D 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 247901
[22]HuverS,WildfeuerC,DowlingJ2008Phys. Rev. A78063828
[23] Afek I, Ambar O, Silberberg Y 2010 Science 328 879
[24]Fang K, Acosta V, Santori C, Huang Z, Itoh K, Watanabe H, Shikata S, Beausoleil R 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 130802
[25]Simmons S, Jones J, Karlen S, Ardavan A, Morton J 2010Phys. Rev. A 82 022330
[26]Nie X, Huang J, Li Z, Zheng W, Lee C, Peng X, Du J 2018Sci. Bull. 63 469
[27]Nie X, Li J, Cui J, Luo Z, Huang J, Chen H, Lee C, Peng X,Du J 2015 New J. Phys. 17 053028
[28]Pham L, Bar-Gill N, Belthangady C, Le Sage D, Cappellaro P, Lukin M, Yacoby A, Walsworth R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86045214
[29]Demkowicz-DobrzańskiR,Ko?odyńskiJ,Gu??M2012Nat.Commun. 3 1063
[30]Escher B, de Matos Filho R, Davidovich L 2011 Nat. Phys. 7406
[31] Braunstein S 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 3598
[32] Braunstein S, Caves C 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 3439
[33]HuangJ,WuS,ZhongH,LeeC2014AnnualReviewof Cold Atoms and Molecules(Vol. 2)(World Scientific)p365
[34]LückeB,SchererM,KruseJ,PezzéL,DeuretzbacherF,HyllusP,TopicO,PeiseJ,ErtmerW,ArltJ,SantosL,Smerzi A, Klempt C 2011 Science 334 773
[35]Luo X, Zou Y, Wu L, Liu Q, Han M, Tey M, You L 2017Science 355 620
[36]Zou Y, Wu L, Liu Q, Luo X, Guo S, Cao J, Tey M, You L2018 PNAS 115 6381
[37]StrobelH,MuesselW,LinnemannD,ZiboldT,HumeD,PezzèL, Smerzi A, Oberthaler M 2014 Science 345 424
[38] Wang X, Sanders B 2001 Phys. Rev. A 65 012303
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[40] Kitagawa M, Ueda M 1993 Phys. Rev. A 47 5138
[41]Lee C, Huang J, Deng H, Dai H, Xu J 2012 Front. Phys. 7109
[42]EstèveJ,GrossC,WellerA,GiovanazziS,OberthalerM2008 Nature 455 1216
[43]BerradaT,FrankS,BückerR,SchummT,SchaffJ,Schmiedmayer J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2077
[44]Davis E, Bentsen G, Schleier-Smith M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett.116 053601
[45]Fr?wisF,SekatskiP,DürW2016Phys. Rev. Lett.116090801
[46]Linnemann D, Strobel H, Muessel W, Schulz J, Lewis-Swan R, Kheruntsyan K, Oberthaler M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117013001
[47]Hosten O,Krishnakumar R,Engelsen N,Kasevich M 2016 Science 352 1552
[48] Lee C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 150402
[49] Lee C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 070401
[50] Hu Y, Feng M, Lee C 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 043604
[51]LuoC,HuangJ,ZhangX,LeeC2017Phys. Rev. A95023608
[52] Zhuang M, Huang J, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 033603
[53]MaJ,HuangY,WangX,SunC2011Phys. Rev. A84039907
[54] You L 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 030402
[55]HuangJ,QinX,ZhongH,KeY,LeeC2015Sci. Rep.517894
[56]Huang J, Zhuang M, Lu B, Ke Y, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A98 012129
[57]Lau H, Dutton Z, Wang T, Simon C 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.113 090401
[58] Dooley S, Spiller T P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 012320
[59]Tanaka T, Knott P, Matsuzaki Y, Dooley S, Yamaguchi H,Munro W, Saito S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 170801
[60] Molmer K, Sorensen A 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1835
[61] Bhaktavatsala Rao D, Bar-Gill N, Kurizki G 2011 Phys. Rev.Lett. 106 010404
[62] Gerry C, Grobe R 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 2390
[63] Gerry C, Grobe R 1998 Phys. Rev. A 57 2247
[64]RecamierJ,CastanosO,JaureguiR,FrankA2000Phys.Rev. A 61 063808
[65]Inoue R, Tanaka S, Namiki R, Sagawa T, Takahashi Y 2013Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 163602
[66] Opatrny T, Molmer K 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023845
[67] Kok P, Lee H, Dowling J 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 052104
[68] Nielsen A, Molmer K 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 063803
[69]Chen Y, Bao X, Yuan Z, Chen S, Zhao B, Pan J 2010 Phys.Rev. Lett. 104 043601
[70] Lombardo D, Twamley J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 13884
[71]SignolesA,FaconA,GrossoD,DotsenkoI,HarocheS,Raimond J, Brune M, Gleyzes S 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 715
[72] Huang J, Zhuang M, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 032116
[73] Lee C, Fu L, Kivshar Y 2008 EPL 81 60006
[74]Xing H, Wang A, Tan Q, Zhang W, Yi S 2016 Phys. Rev. A93 043615
[75]YukawaE,MilburnG,NemotoK2018Phys. Rev. A97013820
[76] Hatomura T 2018 New J. Phys. 20 015010
[77] Dunningham J, Burnett K 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 033601
[78]CamposR,GerryC,BenmoussaA2003Phys. Rev. A68023810
[79]Savas D, Peter W G, Jason M H, Mark A K 2008 Phys. Rev.D 78 122002
[80]AuzinshM,BudkerD,KimballDF,RochesterSM,Stalnaker J E 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 173002
[81]Helm J, Billam T, Rakonjac A, Cornish S, Gardiner S 2018Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 063201
[82]NolanS,SabbatiniJ,BromleyM,DavisM,HaineS2016Phys. Rev. A 93 023616
[83]Kessler E, Kómár P, Bishof M, Jiang L, S?rensen A, Ye J,Lukin M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 190403
[84] Dorner U 2012 New J. Phys. 14 043011
[85] Weinstein J, Beloy K, Derevianko A 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81030302(R)