云南省龙陵县药用植物资源调查与分析
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摘要
为摸清云南省龙陵县药用植物资源的分布状况及蕴藏量,2015年1月至2016年12月,开展全国第四次中药资源普查云南省第二批试点县龙陵县的普查工作。按照普查工作要求,普查队对云南省龙陵县的野生药用植物资源、栽培药用植物资源、传统医药知识及中药材市场进行调查。在龙陵县10个乡镇37块样地进行了野外普查、样线调查、标本采集、药材采集、实地采访及标本鉴定,调查采集药用植物腊叶标本653个,通过鉴定和查证有明确药用功效的植物有142科,437属,606种。调查到重点药材84种,其中包括野生药材基源植物48种,栽培药材基源植物36种(其中3个种既有野生,也有栽培);调查到国家珍稀濒危药用植物24种,根据调查,龙陵县野生分布较多、分布广泛的重点药材主要有石松、白茅根、金荞麦、葛根、常山、黄精、天南星等20余种;栽培药用植物主要有石斛、草果、重楼、龙胆、附子、续断、三七、白花蛇舌草、丹参、桔梗、半支莲、黄精、当归、玛卡、栀子等10余种,其中栽培面积较大的中药材主要有石斛、草果、重楼3种。本研究对当地药用植物资源的分布概况、消长情况及调查、收集到的药用植物资源种类进行了鉴定评价及分析,为龙陵县药用植物资源的可持续发展提供参考依据。
Under a frame of the fourth national Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)resource survey,we conducted a two-year survey(2015 and 2016)on the geographical distribution of the medicinal plant resources in Longling county of Yunan province.According to the guidelines,wild and cultivated medicinal plant resources were investigated,and traditional medicine knowledge and market was surveyed.In Longling,the field survey was conducted at 37 different locations of 10 different sub-district of Longling county.The medicinal plants and its specimens were collected with data of interview from the local and assessing by investigation team.The herbariums were numbered to be 653#.Interestingly,we found that 606 species belonging to 437 genus,142 families,were shown to be traditional medicine.For example.we identified 84 important medicinal materials,comprising of three types:(1)48 species of origin plants of wild herbs,(2)36 species of origin plants of cultivation herbs,and(3)24 species that are listed as national rare and endangered medicinal plants.More than 30 species of medicinal plants were found in Longling county,including wild medicinal plants Lycopodiellaspp.,Imperata spp.,Fagopyrum spp.,Pueraria spp.,Dichroa spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Arisaema spp.,etc.,and cultivated medicinal plants Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.,Paris polyphylla Sm.,Gentiana spp.,Aconitum carmichaelii spp.,Dipsacus asperoides spp.,Panax notoginseng spp.,Hedyotis diffusa spp.,Salvia miltiorrhizaspp.,Platycodon spp.,Scutellaria spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Angelica spp.,Lepidium spp.,Gardenia spp.,etc.Out of that,Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.and Paris polyphylla Sm..Comparing were found to be cultivated with large area.Furthermore,a large number of valuable medicinal plants were found to be existed and widely distributed Longling county.Thus,the findings of this study might provide insights and germplasm resources that potentially support sustainable development of medicinal plant resources of Longling county.
Under a frame of the fourth national Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)resource survey,we conducted a two-year survey(2015 and 2016)on the geographical distribution of the medicinal plant resources in Longling county of Yunan province.According to the guidelines,wild and cultivated medicinal plant resources were investigated,and traditional medicine knowledge and market was surveyed.In Longling,the field survey was conducted at 37 different locations of 10 different sub-district of Longling county.The medicinal plants and its specimens were collected with data of interview from the local and assessing by investigation team.The herbariums were numbered to be 653#.Interestingly,we found that 606 species belonging to 437 genus,142 families,were shown to be traditional medicine.For example.we identified 84 important medicinal materials,comprising of three types:(1)48 species of origin plants of wild herbs,(2)36 species of origin plants of cultivation herbs,and(3)24 species that are listed as national rare and endangered medicinal plants.More than 30 species of medicinal plants were found in Longling county,including wild medicinal plants Lycopodiellaspp.,Imperata spp.,Fagopyrum spp.,Pueraria spp.,Dichroa spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Arisaema spp.,etc.,and cultivated medicinal plants Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.,Paris polyphylla Sm.,Gentiana spp.,Aconitum carmichaelii spp.,Dipsacus asperoides spp.,Panax notoginseng spp.,Hedyotis diffusa spp.,Salvia miltiorrhizaspp.,Platycodon spp.,Scutellaria spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Angelica spp.,Lepidium spp.,Gardenia spp.,etc.Out of that,Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.and Paris polyphylla Sm..Comparing were found to be cultivated with large area.Furthermore,a large number of valuable medicinal plants were found to be existed and widely distributed Longling county.Thus,the findings of this study might provide insights and germplasm resources that potentially support sustainable development of medicinal plant resources of Longling county.
引文
[1]杨世海.中药资源学.北京:中国农业出版社,2008YangSH. TraditionalChinesemedicineresourceslearning.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2008
[2]郭巧生.药用植物资源学.北京:高等教育出版社,2007Guo Q S. Medicinal plant resources of learning. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007
[3]董丽丽.国外天然药物发展概况及其对我国中药现代化的借鉴意义.沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2005Dong L L. Foreign natural medicine development situation and its significance on Chinese medicine modernization in China.Shenyang:Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,2005
[4]李红珠,郑军.欧美植物药市场给中药走出国门的启示.中国医药情报,2002,8(2):48-51LiHZ,ZhengJ.EuropeandtheUnitedStatesofplant medicinemarketforChinesetraditionalmedicinegoabroad enlightenment.JournalofChineseMedicineInformation,2002,8(2):48-51
[5]郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查的实施准备.中国现代中药,2009,11(2):3Guo L P. The implementation of the fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2009,11(2):3
[6]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,38(5):625-628HuangLQ,LuJW,GuoLP.Thefourthnationalcensus ofresourceoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)design andimplementation.ChineseJournalof TraditionalChinese Medicine,2013,38(5):625-628
[7]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍,孙丽英,张本刚,张小波,赵润怀.第四次全国中药资源普查试点外业调查情况简报.中国现代中药,2013,15(7):535-537HuangLQ,LuJ W,GuoLP,SunL Y,ZhangBG,Zhang XB,ZhaoRH. Thefourthnationalcensusofresourceof traditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)pilotfieldinvestigation briefing. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2013,15(7):535-537
[8]马卫峰,张小波,郭兰萍,张本刚,赵润怀,黄璐琦,朱寿东,乔瑜.基于空间信息技术的野生广布种药用植物资源蕴藏量估算方法研究.中国中药杂志,2013,38(8):1130-1134Ma W F,Zhang X B,Guo L P,Zhang B G,Zhao R H,Huang L Q,Zhu S D,Qiao Y. Based on space information technology ofallkindsofwildmedicinalplantresourcesreserves estimationmethodresearch.ChineseJournalof Traditional Chinese Medicine,2013,38(8):1130-1134
[9]朱寿东,刘慧平,黄璐琦,王新村,张小波,薛晓娟,穆晓东,程洁.栽培药材川续断地上部分体积估算的最优样方选择.植物生态学报,2012,36(2):151-158Zhu S D,Liu H P,Huang L Q,Wang X C,Zhang X B, Xue X J,Mu X D,Cheng J. Cultivation of medicinal materials in sichuan aerial parts of radix dipsaci volume estimate the optimal quadrat selection. Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(2):151-158
[10]张小波,郭兰萍,黄璐琦. LUCC相关研究在中药资源研究中的应用探讨.中国中药杂志,2012,37(11):151-158Zhang X B,Guo L P,Huang L Q. LUCC research in Chinese medicine resources the application study. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2012,37(11):151-158
[11]郭兰萍,陆建伟,张小波,赵润怀,张本刚,孙丽英,黄璐琦.全国中药资源普查技术规范制定.中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):937-942Guo L P,Lu J W,Zhang X B,Zhao R H,Zhang B G,Sun L Y,Huang L Q. National census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)technicalspecification.ChineseJournalof Traditional Chinese Medicine,2013,38(7):937-942
[12]黄璐琦.中药资源普查百问.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014:2-5HuangLQ. TraditionalChinesemedicineresourcescensus.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House,2014:2-5
[13]张婉莹.重楼栽培技术.云南农业,2015(5):23-24ZhangW Y.Heavyfloorcultivationtechnique.Journalof Yunnan Agriculture,2015(5):23-24
[14]夏宇,刘泊远,甘梦阳,俞自荣,张汝坤.石斛种植工艺及其机械化生产技术体系探讨.安徽农业科学,2014,42(33):11664-11666XiaY,LiuBY,GanMY,YuZR,ZhangRK.Caulis dendrobii planting technology and mechanization of production technologysystemstudy.Journalof Anhui Agricultural Science,2014,42(33):11664-11666
[15]董大伟,王越,于凤文,李子民,刘春梅.现代中药资源.沈阳药科大学学报,2009,26(S1):132DongDW,Wang Y,YuFW,LiZM,LiuCM.Modern traditionalChinesemedicineresources.JournalofShenyang Pharmaceutical University,2009,26(S1):132
[16]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,38(5):625-628HuangLQ,LuJW,GuoLP.Thefourthnationalcensus ofresourceoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)design andimplementation.ChineseJournalof TraditionalChinese Medicine,2013,38(5):625-628
[17]黄璐琦,赵润怀,陈士林,钟国跃,郭兰萍,张小波.第四次全国中药资源普查筹备和试点工作进展.中国现代中药,2012,14(1):13HuangLQ,ZhaoRH,ChenSL,ZhongG Y,GuoLP,Zhang X B. The fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and pilot work progress. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2012,14(1):13
[18]张小波,郭兰萍,陆建伟,苏钢强,黄璐琦.基于网格(Grid)的空间信息技术在中药资源普查中的应用.中国天然药物,2009(5):328-332Zhang X B,Guo L P,Lu J W,Su G Q,Huang L Q. Based on Grid(Grid)of space information technology in the application oftraditionalChinesemedicineresourcescensus.Journalof Natural Medicines,China,2009(5):328-332
[19]孙宇章,黄璐琦,郭兰萍.遥感技术在中药资源调查中的应用.中国现代中药,2006,8(9):7-10Sun Y Z,Huang L Q,Guo L P. Remote sensing technology in the application of traditional Chinese medicine resource survey.Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2006,8(9):7-10
[20]孙宇章,顾晓鹤,杨小琼,朱文泉,郭兰萍,黄璐琦,潘耀忠.基于RS和GIS技术的江苏邳州市银杏资源动态变化研究.中国中药杂志,2007,32(18):1861-1864Sun Y Z,Gu X H,Yang X Q,Zhu W Q,Guo L P,Huang L Q,Pan Y Z. Based on RS and GIS technology in jiangsu province pizhou ginkgo resources dynamic change research. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2007,32(18):1861-1864
[21]张卫明,顾龚平.药用植物的可持续发展战略初探.现代中药研究与实践,2004,18(5):5-8ZhangWM,GuGP.Medicinalplantsofsustainable developmentstrategystudy.JournalofModernChinese Medicine Research and Practice,2004,18(5):5-8
[22]康延国.中药鉴定学.北京:中国中医药出版社,2003:6-7Kang YG.Chinesemedicineidentification.Beijing:Chinese Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2003:6-7
[23]丁海,黄泰康,吴春福.中药现代化发展的进程和趋势.中草药,2005,36(1):19DingH,Huang TK,WuCF. TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)modernization process and trend of development.Chinese Herbal Medicine,2005,36(1):19
[24]董大伟,刘春梅,张艳梅,张琨,戚聿霞.现代中药资源与发展.中国民族民间医药,2012,21(6):22Dong D W,Liu C M,Zhan Y M,Zhang K,Qi Y X. Modern Chinesemedicineresourcesanddevelopment.NationalFolk Medicine in China,2012,21(6):22
[25]朱英敏,何本鸿.中药资源学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009Zhu YM,HeBH. TraditionalChinesemedicineresources learning.Wuhan:HuazhongUniversityofScienceand Technology Press,2009
[26]肖培根,王永炎.中药资源与科学发展观.中国中药杂志,2004,29(5):385-386XiaoPG,Wang Y Y. TraditionalChinesemedicineresource and the scientific outlook on development. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,29(5):385-386
[27]陈士林,魏建和,黄林芳,郭宝林,肖培根.中药材野生抚育的理论和实践探讨.中国中药杂志,2004,29(12):1123-1126Chen S L,Wei J H,Huang L F,Guo B L,Xiao P G. Chinese herbalmedicinestephaniatetrandraintheoryandinpractice to explore. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,29(12):1123-1126
[2]郭巧生.药用植物资源学.北京:高等教育出版社,2007Guo Q S. Medicinal plant resources of learning. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007
[3]董丽丽.国外天然药物发展概况及其对我国中药现代化的借鉴意义.沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2005Dong L L. Foreign natural medicine development situation and its significance on Chinese medicine modernization in China.Shenyang:Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,2005
[4]李红珠,郑军.欧美植物药市场给中药走出国门的启示.中国医药情报,2002,8(2):48-51LiHZ,ZhengJ.EuropeandtheUnitedStatesofplant medicinemarketforChinesetraditionalmedicinegoabroad enlightenment.JournalofChineseMedicineInformation,2002,8(2):48-51
[5]郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查的实施准备.中国现代中药,2009,11(2):3Guo L P. The implementation of the fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2009,11(2):3
[6]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,38(5):625-628HuangLQ,LuJW,GuoLP.Thefourthnationalcensus ofresourceoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)design andimplementation.ChineseJournalof TraditionalChinese Medicine,2013,38(5):625-628
[7]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍,孙丽英,张本刚,张小波,赵润怀.第四次全国中药资源普查试点外业调查情况简报.中国现代中药,2013,15(7):535-537HuangLQ,LuJ W,GuoLP,SunL Y,ZhangBG,Zhang XB,ZhaoRH. Thefourthnationalcensusofresourceof traditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)pilotfieldinvestigation briefing. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2013,15(7):535-537
[8]马卫峰,张小波,郭兰萍,张本刚,赵润怀,黄璐琦,朱寿东,乔瑜.基于空间信息技术的野生广布种药用植物资源蕴藏量估算方法研究.中国中药杂志,2013,38(8):1130-1134Ma W F,Zhang X B,Guo L P,Zhang B G,Zhao R H,Huang L Q,Zhu S D,Qiao Y. Based on space information technology ofallkindsofwildmedicinalplantresourcesreserves estimationmethodresearch.ChineseJournalof Traditional Chinese Medicine,2013,38(8):1130-1134
[9]朱寿东,刘慧平,黄璐琦,王新村,张小波,薛晓娟,穆晓东,程洁.栽培药材川续断地上部分体积估算的最优样方选择.植物生态学报,2012,36(2):151-158Zhu S D,Liu H P,Huang L Q,Wang X C,Zhang X B, Xue X J,Mu X D,Cheng J. Cultivation of medicinal materials in sichuan aerial parts of radix dipsaci volume estimate the optimal quadrat selection. Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(2):151-158
[10]张小波,郭兰萍,黄璐琦. LUCC相关研究在中药资源研究中的应用探讨.中国中药杂志,2012,37(11):151-158Zhang X B,Guo L P,Huang L Q. LUCC research in Chinese medicine resources the application study. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2012,37(11):151-158
[11]郭兰萍,陆建伟,张小波,赵润怀,张本刚,孙丽英,黄璐琦.全国中药资源普查技术规范制定.中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):937-942Guo L P,Lu J W,Zhang X B,Zhao R H,Zhang B G,Sun L Y,Huang L Q. National census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)technicalspecification.ChineseJournalof Traditional Chinese Medicine,2013,38(7):937-942
[12]黄璐琦.中药资源普查百问.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014:2-5HuangLQ. TraditionalChinesemedicineresourcescensus.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House,2014:2-5
[13]张婉莹.重楼栽培技术.云南农业,2015(5):23-24ZhangW Y.Heavyfloorcultivationtechnique.Journalof Yunnan Agriculture,2015(5):23-24
[14]夏宇,刘泊远,甘梦阳,俞自荣,张汝坤.石斛种植工艺及其机械化生产技术体系探讨.安徽农业科学,2014,42(33):11664-11666XiaY,LiuBY,GanMY,YuZR,ZhangRK.Caulis dendrobii planting technology and mechanization of production technologysystemstudy.Journalof Anhui Agricultural Science,2014,42(33):11664-11666
[15]董大伟,王越,于凤文,李子民,刘春梅.现代中药资源.沈阳药科大学学报,2009,26(S1):132DongDW,Wang Y,YuFW,LiZM,LiuCM.Modern traditionalChinesemedicineresources.JournalofShenyang Pharmaceutical University,2009,26(S1):132
[16]黄璐琦,陆建伟,郭兰萍.第四次全国中药资源普查方案设计与实施.中国中药杂志,2013,38(5):625-628HuangLQ,LuJW,GuoLP.Thefourthnationalcensus ofresourceoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)design andimplementation.ChineseJournalof TraditionalChinese Medicine,2013,38(5):625-628
[17]黄璐琦,赵润怀,陈士林,钟国跃,郭兰萍,张小波.第四次全国中药资源普查筹备和试点工作进展.中国现代中药,2012,14(1):13HuangLQ,ZhaoRH,ChenSL,ZhongG Y,GuoLP,Zhang X B. The fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and pilot work progress. Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2012,14(1):13
[18]张小波,郭兰萍,陆建伟,苏钢强,黄璐琦.基于网格(Grid)的空间信息技术在中药资源普查中的应用.中国天然药物,2009(5):328-332Zhang X B,Guo L P,Lu J W,Su G Q,Huang L Q. Based on Grid(Grid)of space information technology in the application oftraditionalChinesemedicineresourcescensus.Journalof Natural Medicines,China,2009(5):328-332
[19]孙宇章,黄璐琦,郭兰萍.遥感技术在中药资源调查中的应用.中国现代中药,2006,8(9):7-10Sun Y Z,Huang L Q,Guo L P. Remote sensing technology in the application of traditional Chinese medicine resource survey.Journal of Chinese Modern Medicine,2006,8(9):7-10
[20]孙宇章,顾晓鹤,杨小琼,朱文泉,郭兰萍,黄璐琦,潘耀忠.基于RS和GIS技术的江苏邳州市银杏资源动态变化研究.中国中药杂志,2007,32(18):1861-1864Sun Y Z,Gu X H,Yang X Q,Zhu W Q,Guo L P,Huang L Q,Pan Y Z. Based on RS and GIS technology in jiangsu province pizhou ginkgo resources dynamic change research. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2007,32(18):1861-1864
[21]张卫明,顾龚平.药用植物的可持续发展战略初探.现代中药研究与实践,2004,18(5):5-8ZhangWM,GuGP.Medicinalplantsofsustainable developmentstrategystudy.JournalofModernChinese Medicine Research and Practice,2004,18(5):5-8
[22]康延国.中药鉴定学.北京:中国中医药出版社,2003:6-7Kang YG.Chinesemedicineidentification.Beijing:Chinese Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2003:6-7
[23]丁海,黄泰康,吴春福.中药现代化发展的进程和趋势.中草药,2005,36(1):19DingH,Huang TK,WuCF. TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)modernization process and trend of development.Chinese Herbal Medicine,2005,36(1):19
[24]董大伟,刘春梅,张艳梅,张琨,戚聿霞.现代中药资源与发展.中国民族民间医药,2012,21(6):22Dong D W,Liu C M,Zhan Y M,Zhang K,Qi Y X. Modern Chinesemedicineresourcesanddevelopment.NationalFolk Medicine in China,2012,21(6):22
[25]朱英敏,何本鸿.中药资源学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009Zhu YM,HeBH. TraditionalChinesemedicineresources learning.Wuhan:HuazhongUniversityofScienceand Technology Press,2009
[26]肖培根,王永炎.中药资源与科学发展观.中国中药杂志,2004,29(5):385-386XiaoPG,Wang Y Y. TraditionalChinesemedicineresource and the scientific outlook on development. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,29(5):385-386
[27]陈士林,魏建和,黄林芳,郭宝林,肖培根.中药材野生抚育的理论和实践探讨.中国中药杂志,2004,29(12):1123-1126Chen S L,Wei J H,Huang L F,Guo B L,Xiao P G. Chinese herbalmedicinestephaniatetrandraintheoryandinpractice to explore. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,29(12):1123-1126