龙溪羌语的人称范畴
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摘要
文章介绍了南部方言龙溪话动词人称范畴的特点和用法。与羌语南部方言桃坪话和蒲溪话一样,龙溪羌语的人称也有不同的形式;与桃坪话和蒲溪话的人称范畴不同的是,龙溪话的人称标记除了与体有关以外,还与实然和非实然有关。文章从这个角度,分析龙溪羌语中不同形式的人称标记。另外,与其他接触汉语的羌语方言相比较,龙溪羌语仍然保留了人称的单数,并且没有消失的迹象。
This paper analyzes the person category in Longxi Qiang.Comparison with other varieties of Qiang reveals remarkable features of the verbal agreement system of Longxi Qiang.In the Longxi variety,two sets of person markers manifest realis vs.irrealis distinction.Moreover,the Longxi variety undergoes intense language contact with Chinese as other language-contacted varieties do,but the verb agreement system of the Longxi variety still has clear number distinction in first and second person markers.
This paper analyzes the person category in Longxi Qiang.Comparison with other varieties of Qiang reveals remarkable features of the verbal agreement system of Longxi Qiang.In the Longxi variety,two sets of person markers manifest realis vs.irrealis distinction.Moreover,the Longxi variety undergoes intense language contact with Chinese as other language-contacted varieties do,but the verb agreement system of the Longxi variety still has clear number distinction in first and second person markers.
引文
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Bugenhagen,Robert D.1994.The semantics of irrealis in the Austronesian languages of Pupua New Guinea.Topics in Descriptive Austronesian Languages(Samaan 11),ed.by Reesink,1-39.Leiden:Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Asiёen Oceaniё,Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.
Bybee,Joan.1998.“Irrealis”as a grammatical category.Anthropological Linguistics 40(2):257-271.
Chafe,Wallace.1995.The realis-irrealis distinction in Caddo,the Northern Iroquoian languages,and English.Modality in Grammar and Discourse,eds.by Joan Bybee&Suzanne Fleischman,349-365.Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cole,P.1982.Imbabura Quechua(Lingua Descriptive Series 5).Amsterdam:North Holland.
Comrie,Bernard.1981.Aspect:An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems(2nd edition).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Comrie,Bernard.1985.Tense.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Huang,Bufan(黄布凡).1997.Yuanshi zangmianyu dongci houzhui*-s de yiji原始藏缅语动词后缀*-s的遗迹[The traces of the verbal suffix*-s of Pro-Tibetan-Burman languages].Minzu Yuwen民族语文[Minority Languages of China]1997.1:1-7.
Huang,Chenglong(黄成龙).2007.Puxi Qiangyu Yanjiu蒲溪羌语研究[Research on Puxi Qiang].Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe北京:民族出版社[Beijing:The Ethnic Publishing House].
LaPolla,Randy J.,&Chenglong Huang.2003.A Grammar of Qiang with Annotated Texts and Glossary.Berlin&New York:Mouton de Gruyter.
Liu,Guangkun(刘光坤).1998.Mawo Qiangyu Yanjiu麻窝羌语研究[Research on Mawo Qiang].Chengdu:Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe成都:四川民族出版社[Chengdu:Sichuan Nationality Press].
Palmer,Frank R.2001.MoodandModality(2nd edition).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Sims,Nathaniel A.2016.Towards a more comprehensive understanding of Qiang dialectology.Language&Linguistics17(3):351-381.
Sun,Hongkai(孙宏开).1981.Qiangyu Jianzhi羌语简志[A Brief Description of the Qiang Language].Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe北京:民族出版社[Beijing:The Ethnic Publishing House].
Zheng,Wuxi.2016.A Grammar of Longxi Qiang.Ph.D.dissertation,National University of Singapore.
Bugenhagen,Robert D.1994.The semantics of irrealis in the Austronesian languages of Pupua New Guinea.Topics in Descriptive Austronesian Languages(Samaan 11),ed.by Reesink,1-39.Leiden:Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Asiёen Oceaniё,Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.
Bybee,Joan.1998.“Irrealis”as a grammatical category.Anthropological Linguistics 40(2):257-271.
Chafe,Wallace.1995.The realis-irrealis distinction in Caddo,the Northern Iroquoian languages,and English.Modality in Grammar and Discourse,eds.by Joan Bybee&Suzanne Fleischman,349-365.Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cole,P.1982.Imbabura Quechua(Lingua Descriptive Series 5).Amsterdam:North Holland.
Comrie,Bernard.1981.Aspect:An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems(2nd edition).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Comrie,Bernard.1985.Tense.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Huang,Bufan(黄布凡).1997.Yuanshi zangmianyu dongci houzhui*-s de yiji原始藏缅语动词后缀*-s的遗迹[The traces of the verbal suffix*-s of Pro-Tibetan-Burman languages].Minzu Yuwen民族语文[Minority Languages of China]1997.1:1-7.
Huang,Chenglong(黄成龙).2007.Puxi Qiangyu Yanjiu蒲溪羌语研究[Research on Puxi Qiang].Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe北京:民族出版社[Beijing:The Ethnic Publishing House].
LaPolla,Randy J.,&Chenglong Huang.2003.A Grammar of Qiang with Annotated Texts and Glossary.Berlin&New York:Mouton de Gruyter.
Liu,Guangkun(刘光坤).1998.Mawo Qiangyu Yanjiu麻窝羌语研究[Research on Mawo Qiang].Chengdu:Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe成都:四川民族出版社[Chengdu:Sichuan Nationality Press].
Palmer,Frank R.2001.MoodandModality(2nd edition).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Sims,Nathaniel A.2016.Towards a more comprehensive understanding of Qiang dialectology.Language&Linguistics17(3):351-381.
Sun,Hongkai(孙宏开).1981.Qiangyu Jianzhi羌语简志[A Brief Description of the Qiang Language].Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe北京:民族出版社[Beijing:The Ethnic Publishing House].
Zheng,Wuxi.2016.A Grammar of Longxi Qiang.Ph.D.dissertation,National University of Singapore.