植物水平基因转移研究进展
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摘要
水平基因转移,一般分为细胞内部或者跨越物种边界的遗传物质交流。跨界直接介导方式,包括共生、内共生、寄生、嫁接等。细胞内的基因转移,主要包括细胞核与细胞器基因组间的相互渗透;跨越物种边界的遗传物质交流,主要涉及寄生与寄主植物的基因横向转移,寄主与寄生植物mRNA也会发生大规模的水平转移。基于基因组学研究进展,本研究综述了植物水平基因转移的迁移序列类型、迁移方向及迁移机制:首先,植物细胞的线粒体基因组能够整合细胞核转座元件以及叶绿体起源的tRNA基因,线粒体和叶绿体基因组的功能基因及间区序列能够迁移到核基因组;其次,植物种间,通过寄生、嫁接等方式转移大量的DNA(如线粒体基因、叶绿体基因和转座元件)和RNA(如mRNA)序列;迁移机制涉及到DNA介导和RNA介导方式,迁移方向包括单向和双向转移。迁移序列的基因功能活性研究是重要的后续研究方向。
Horizontal gene transfer of genetic materials usually involves intracellular exchanges and crossing-species transfer,which mainly depend on mediators such as symbiosis,endosymbiosis,parasitic plant,grafting.Intracellular gene transfer events occur frequently within cell mainly by transferring DNA between organellar and nuclear genomes.In addition,the boundaries of horizontal gene transfer crossing species are well represented between parasitic and host plants.It is demonstrated that mRNA can be transferred between parasitic and host plants.Research progresses on transferring sequence types,direction and mechanisms evaluations based on related genomic and transcriptomic data in plants are summarized.Firstly,within a single plant cell,mitochondrial genomes generally integrate nuclear transposable element and chloroplast-derived tRNA genes.Ancestors of organellar genomes have migrated a large number of functional genes into their nuclear chromosomes.Secondly,crossing-species transfer of plants,large amounts of DNA(mitochondrial genes,chloroplast genes or transposable elements)and RNA(mRNA)sequences have been transferred through parasitic and grafting methods.Lastly,the migration mechanism involves DNA or RNA intermediated transfers,which are either unidirectional or bidirectional.In summary,these progresses provide molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms of gene migration,and evaluating the functional activity of gene horizontal transfer.
Horizontal gene transfer of genetic materials usually involves intracellular exchanges and crossing-species transfer,which mainly depend on mediators such as symbiosis,endosymbiosis,parasitic plant,grafting.Intracellular gene transfer events occur frequently within cell mainly by transferring DNA between organellar and nuclear genomes.In addition,the boundaries of horizontal gene transfer crossing species are well represented between parasitic and host plants.It is demonstrated that mRNA can be transferred between parasitic and host plants.Research progresses on transferring sequence types,direction and mechanisms evaluations based on related genomic and transcriptomic data in plants are summarized.Firstly,within a single plant cell,mitochondrial genomes generally integrate nuclear transposable element and chloroplast-derived tRNA genes.Ancestors of organellar genomes have migrated a large number of functional genes into their nuclear chromosomes.Secondly,crossing-species transfer of plants,large amounts of DNA(mitochondrial genes,chloroplast genes or transposable elements)and RNA(mRNA)sequences have been transferred through parasitic and grafting methods.Lastly,the migration mechanism involves DNA or RNA intermediated transfers,which are either unidirectional or bidirectional.In summary,these progresses provide molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms of gene migration,and evaluating the functional activity of gene horizontal transfer.
引文
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