基于VARI工艺的吸波复合材料制备与性能研究?
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摘要
通过真空辅助树脂灌注工艺(VARI)制备了以羰基铁粉(CIPs)/玻璃纤维(GFs)/环氧树脂(EP)为吸波层、碳纤维(CFs)/EP为反射层的结构型吸波复合材料。通过考察工艺窗口温度、CIPs与EP质量比(m_(CIPs)/m_(EP))、搅拌时间和酒精含量{mC_2H_5OH/m(CIPs+EP)}4个因素对树脂体系黏度、可操作时间、凝胶时间的影响,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验对VARI制备以上复合材料的工艺条件进行优化,结果表明:最优VARI工艺条件为工艺窗口温度35℃、m_(CIPs)/m_(EP)为1.5:1、搅拌时间为30 min和酒精含量为5%。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和矢量网络分析仪(VNA)等现代分析技术对其化学组成、微观形貌、吸波性能进行了表征。结果表明:CIPs并未与EP形成新的结合键。CIPs颗粒呈球状,粒径为3～5μm,且CIPs颗粒均匀的分散于吸波层中,当m_(CIPs)/m_(EP)为2:1、厚度为2.5 mm的CIPs/GFs/CFs/EP复合板材在11.6 GHz处的反射损耗最大为-26.5 dB,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频宽可达3.6 GHz,具有良好的吸波性能。
A structural absorbing composite was prepared via vacuum assisted resin infusion(VARI) process,where carbonyl iron powder(CIPs)/glass fiber(GFs)/epoxy(EP) were used as the absorption layer and carbon fibers(CFs)/EP as the reflection layer. Effects of process temperature, mass ratio of CIPs and EP, stirring time and alcohol concentration on epoxy viscosity, operation time and gelling time were investigated. Process conditions were optimized by L_9(3~4) orthogonal design. The optimum conditions are: process temperature =35 ℃, m_(CIPs)/m_(EP) = 1.5:1, stirring time = 30 min and alcohol concentration = 5%. FT-IR, SEM and vector network analyzer(VAN) were used to investigate chemical composition, micro-morphology and microwave absorbing properties of the composite. The results show that CIPs and EP do not form new bonds. CIPs are typical spherical shape evenly dispersed in the absorbing layer with diameter of 3～5 μm. When m_(CIPs)/m_(EP) is 2:1 and thickness is 2.5 mm, the absorption bandwidth with reflection loss value < -10 dB is up to 3.6 GHz and the maximum microwave decay value is -26.5 dB at 11.6 GHz. The CIPs/GFs/CFs/EP composite exhibits excellent microwave absorbing capacity.
A structural absorbing composite was prepared via vacuum assisted resin infusion(VARI) process,where carbonyl iron powder(CIPs)/glass fiber(GFs)/epoxy(EP) were used as the absorption layer and carbon fibers(CFs)/EP as the reflection layer. Effects of process temperature, mass ratio of CIPs and EP, stirring time and alcohol concentration on epoxy viscosity, operation time and gelling time were investigated. Process conditions were optimized by L_9(3~4) orthogonal design. The optimum conditions are: process temperature =35 ℃, m_(CIPs)/m_(EP) = 1.5:1, stirring time = 30 min and alcohol concentration = 5%. FT-IR, SEM and vector network analyzer(VAN) were used to investigate chemical composition, micro-morphology and microwave absorbing properties of the composite. The results show that CIPs and EP do not form new bonds. CIPs are typical spherical shape evenly dispersed in the absorbing layer with diameter of 3～5 μm. When m_(CIPs)/m_(EP) is 2:1 and thickness is 2.5 mm, the absorption bandwidth with reflection loss value < -10 dB is up to 3.6 GHz and the maximum microwave decay value is -26.5 dB at 11.6 GHz. The CIPs/GFs/CFs/EP composite exhibits excellent microwave absorbing capacity.
引文
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[19]武佳男,倪爱清,张盛,等.真空辅助成型工艺环氧树脂体系化学流变特性研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2016(11):32-38.WU J N,NI A Q,ZHANG S,et al.Study on rheological properties of epoxy in VARI process[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2016(11):32-38.
[2]CHENG Y,JI G,LI Z,et al.Facile synthesis of FeCo alloys with excellent microwave absorption in the whole Ku-band:Effect of Fe/Co atomic ratio[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,704:289-295.
[3]姚田甜,姚正军,周金堂,等.Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4/PANI树枝状复合吸波材料的制备与表征[J].高校化学工程学报,2016,30(4):933-939.YAO T T,YAO Z J,ZHOU J T,et al.Synthesis and Characterization of Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4/PANI dendritic composites[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2016,30(4):933-939.
[4]LIU P,NG V M H,YAO Z,et al.Facile synthesis and hierarchical assembly of flowerlike NiO structures with enhanced dielectric and microwave absorption properties[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(19):16404-16416.
[5]LIU P,YAO Z,ZHOU J,et al.Small magnetic Co-doped NiZn ferrite/graphene nanocomposites and their dual-region microwave absorption performance[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2016,4(41):9738-9749.
[6]陈文俊,谢国治,王锰刚,等.偶联剂处理对吸波材料电磁特性影响的研究进展[J].电子元件与材料,2016,35(12):7-11.CHEN W J,XIE G Z,WANG M G,et al.Effect of coupling agent treatment on electromagnetic properties of microwave absorbing materials[J].Electronic Components and Materials,2016,35(12):7-11.
[7]ZHOU J,YAO Z,YAO T.Synthesis and electromagnetic property of Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4 grafted with polyaniline fibers[J].Applied Surface Science,2017,420:154-160.
[8]LV H,GUO Y,ZHAO Y,et al.Achieving tunable electromagnetic absorber via graphene/carbon sphere composites[J].Carbon,2016,110:130-137.
[9]LV H,GUO Y,YANG Z,et al.A brief introduction to the fabrication and synthesis of graphene based composites for the realization of electromagnetic absorbing materials[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2017,5(3):491-512.
[10]庞建峰,马喜君,谢兴勇.电磁吸波材料的研究进展[J].电子元件与材料,2015,34(2):7-12,16.PANG J F,MA X J,XIE X Y.Research progress of microwave absorption materials[J].Electronic Components and Materials,2015,34(2):7-12,16.
[11]刘元军,赵晓明,李卫斌.吸波材料研究进展[J].成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2015,32(3):23-29.LIU Y J,ZHAO X M,LI W B.Research progress of absorption materials[J].Journal of Chengdu Textile College,2015,32(3):23-29.
[12]熊益军,王岩,王强,等.一种基于3D打印技术的结构型宽频吸波超材料[J].物理学报,2018,67(8):1-8.XIONG Y J,WANG Y,WANG Q,et al.Structural broadband absorbing metamaterial based on three-dimensional printing technology[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(8):1-8.
[13]EUN S,CHOI W,JANG H,et al.Effect of delamination on the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of radar absorbing structures[J].Composites Science and Technology,2015,116:18-25.
[14]丁士轩,陆明,郑桂凯,等.双层复合材料结构对吸波性能的影响研究[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2016,39(2):88-91.DING S X,LU M,ZHENG G K,et al.Electromagnetic wave absorbing property of two layer composite material[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2016,39(2):88-91.
[15]阳彦雄,程艳奎,刘存平,等.羰基铁粉/Co2Z铁氧体复合材料的电磁及微波吸收性能[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2015,38(4):76-79.YANG Y X,CHENG Y K,LIU C P,et al.Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of carbonyl iron powders/Co2Zferrites composites[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2015,38(4):76-79.
[16]陈吉平,高龙飞,苏佳智,等.VARI工艺中纤维体积含量的影响因素及控制技术研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2016(3):79-82.CHEN J P,GAO L F,SU J Z,et al.Influence and control of parameters on the composite fiber volume fraction by VARI process[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2016,(3):79-82.
[17]庄恒飞,潘利剑,刘卫平,等.VARI成型厚度稳定与抽真空时间的研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2015(2):5-10.ZHUANG H F,PAN L J,LIU W P,et al.A study of the steady thickness by the vacuum assisted resin infusion process and the vacuum keeping time[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2015(2):5-10.
[18]梁凤飞,金迪,何勇.一种VARI工艺成型用树脂及其复合材料的研究[J].西安航空学院学报,2018,36(1):34-38.LIANG F F,JIN D,HE Y.On a kind of resin used for VARI technical molding and its composite material[J].Journal of Xi'an Aerotechnical College,2018,36(1):34-38.
[19]武佳男,倪爱清,张盛,等.真空辅助成型工艺环氧树脂体系化学流变特性研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2016(11):32-38.WU J N,NI A Q,ZHANG S,et al.Study on rheological properties of epoxy in VARI process[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2016(11):32-38.