雄安新区深部岩溶热储探测与高产能地热井参数研究
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摘要
河北雄安新区地热资源条件优越,以往的勘查开发层位主要在1 800 m以浅,探测深部岩溶热储,寻找高品质地热资源是支撑服务新区规划建设的迫切需要。本文以位于容城—牛驼镇地热田中南部的D18孔为依托,阐明了3 500 m深度的岩溶热储探测方法、重要发现和主要参数。主要结论为:(1)容城—牛驼镇地热田中南部地质构造复杂,是地热资源勘查开发的有利目标区,深部岩溶热储由蓟县系雾迷山组含燧石条带、巨厚叠层石白云岩组成;(2)D18孔在2 120~3 500 m深度共发育115个岩溶裂隙带,岩溶裂隙总厚度353 m,孔隙率3.44%~39.8%,其中2 120~2 300 m为主要出水层,平均孔隙率12.9%;(3)D18孔孔口水温93.1℃,孔内实测最高温度95.05℃,温度峰值出现在高孔隙率发育的2 120~2 300 m孔段,推测由深部热对流机制造成;(4)D18孔抽水试验曲线具有水-汽二相混合特征,完井抽水流量140 m3/h,单井供暖潜力达20万m2,为目前发现的雄安新区范围内产能最大地热井。
There are superior conditions of geothermal resources in Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province. The past exploration and development for geothermal resources in this area mainly focused on geothermal reservoirs at the depth of shallower than 1 800 m. It is an argent need to explore deep-seated karst geothermal reservoir so as to find high-quality geothermal resources. Based on D18 borehole 3 500 m deep situated in the south central part of the Rongcheng–Niutuozhen geothermal field, this paper expounds the methods, key discoveries and main parameters of karst thermal reservoir. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the south central part of Rongcheng–Niutuozhen geothermal field with complicated geological structure is a favorable target for geothermal exploration and development, and the deep-seated karst geothermal reservoir consists of dolomite with flint-stripes and thick-chihsienella in Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 2) there are 115 fractured karst zones at the depth of 2 120~3 500 m in D18 borehole, with the total thickness of 353 m and the porosity of 3.44%~39.8%, among which the dominant water-yielding strata are between 2 120 m and 2 300 m with the average porosity of 12.9%; 3) the temperature of D18 borehole at the wellhead is 93.1℃ during the pumping test, and the max temperature in the borehole reaches 95.05℃ at the depth of 2 120~2 300 m of high porosity, and the temperature profile in the borehole is typically inverted; it is supposed to result from intense heat convection in the depth; 4) the pumping test curve of the D18 borehole presents two-phase mixture features with water-gas; the pumping flow rate reaches 140 m3/h at water level drops of 12.1 m under the condition of the complete penetration well; and the heating potential by the single well would be 200 000 m2. All these data make D18 borehole the highest capacity geothermal well in thermal energy output in the whole area.
There are superior conditions of geothermal resources in Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province. The past exploration and development for geothermal resources in this area mainly focused on geothermal reservoirs at the depth of shallower than 1 800 m. It is an argent need to explore deep-seated karst geothermal reservoir so as to find high-quality geothermal resources. Based on D18 borehole 3 500 m deep situated in the south central part of the Rongcheng–Niutuozhen geothermal field, this paper expounds the methods, key discoveries and main parameters of karst thermal reservoir. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the south central part of Rongcheng–Niutuozhen geothermal field with complicated geological structure is a favorable target for geothermal exploration and development, and the deep-seated karst geothermal reservoir consists of dolomite with flint-stripes and thick-chihsienella in Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 2) there are 115 fractured karst zones at the depth of 2 120~3 500 m in D18 borehole, with the total thickness of 353 m and the porosity of 3.44%~39.8%, among which the dominant water-yielding strata are between 2 120 m and 2 300 m with the average porosity of 12.9%; 3) the temperature of D18 borehole at the wellhead is 93.1℃ during the pumping test, and the max temperature in the borehole reaches 95.05℃ at the depth of 2 120~2 300 m of high porosity, and the temperature profile in the borehole is typically inverted; it is supposed to result from intense heat convection in the depth; 4) the pumping test curve of the D18 borehole presents two-phase mixture features with water-gas; the pumping flow rate reaches 140 m3/h at water level drops of 12.1 m under the condition of the complete penetration well; and the heating potential by the single well would be 200 000 m2. All these data make D18 borehole the highest capacity geothermal well in thermal energy output in the whole area.
引文
陈墨香.1988.华北地热[M].北京:科学出版社.
陈墨香,黄歌山,张文仁,张容燕,刘炳义.1982.冀中牛驼镇凸起地温场的特点及地下热水的开发利用[J].地质科学,(3):239-252.
陈墨香,汪集旸,汪缉安,邓孝,杨淑贞,熊亮萍,张菊明.1990.华北断陷盆地热场特征及其形成机制[J].地质学报,64(1):80-91.
陈墨香,汪集旸,邓孝.1994.中国地热资源-形成特点和潜力评价[M].北京:科学出版社.
地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队.1978.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社.
郭世炎,李小军.2013.河北保定容城凸起地热田储层属性与资源潜力[J].地质科学,48(3):922-931.
河北省地质矿产局第三水文工程地质大队.1990.河北省牛驼镇地热田勘查报告[R].衡水:河北省地质矿产局第三水文工程地质大队.
姜光政,高堋,饶松,张林友,唐晓音,黄方,赵平,庞忠和,何丽娟,胡圣标,汪集旸.2016.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版)[J].地球物理学报,59(8):2892-2910.
李卫卫,饶松,唐晓音,姜光政,胡圣标,孔彦龙,庞菊梅,王建存.2014.河北雄县地热田钻井地温测量及地温场特征[J].地质科学,49(3):850-863.
李怀坤,朱士兴,相振群,苏文博,陆松年,周红英,耿建珍,李生,杨锋杰.2010.北京延庆高于庄组凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb定年研究及其对华北北部中元古界划分新方案的进一步约束[J].岩石学报,26(7):2131-2140.
牛树银,孙爱群,李红阳.2001.华北地区地热特征及其成因机制[J].地学前缘,8(1):112-112.
孙爱群,牛树银.2000.地幔热柱演化及其地热效应--华北地热异常的深部构造背景[J].地球学报,21(2):182-189.
熊亮萍,张菊明.1988.华北平原区地温梯度与基底构造形态的关系[J].地球物理学报,31(2):146-155.
王贵玲,张薇,梁继运,蔺文静,刘志明,王婉丽.2017.中国地热资源潜力评价[J].地球学报,38(4):449-459.
王钧,黄尚瑶,黄歌山,汪集旸.1983.华北中、新生代沉积盆地的地温分布及地热资源[J].地质学报,(3):304-316.
王永波,丁文萍,田月,王婧,丁蕊.2016.河北牛驼镇地热田高温地热水成因分析[J].城市地质,11(3):59-64.
杨吉龙,柳富田,贾志,袁海帆,胥勤勉,胡云壮.2018.河北牛驼镇与天津地热田水化学和氢氧同位素特征及其环境指示意义[J].地球学报,39(1):71-78.
张德忠,刘志刚,卢红柳.2013.河北地热[M].北京:地质出版社.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2010.地热资源地质勘查规范(GB/T 11615-2010)[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.
CHEN Mo-xiang,HUANG Ge-shan,ZHANG Wen-ren,ZHANGRong-yan,LIU Bing-yi.1982.The temperature distribution pattern and the utilization of geothermal water at Niutuozhen basement protrusion of central Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,25(3):239-252(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Mo-xiang.1988.Geothermal in North China[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
CHEN Mo-xiang,WANG Ji-yang,WANG Ji-an,DENG Xiao,YANG Shu-zhen,XIONG Lian-ping,ZHANG Ju-ming.1990.The Characteristics of the Geothermal Field and Formation Mechanism in The North China Down-Faulted Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,64(1):80-91(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Mo-xiang,WANG Ji-yang,DENG Xiao.1994.Geothermal resources in China-Formation characteristics and potential evaluation[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
CHEN Liu-zhu,MA Teng,DU Yao,YANG Jie,LIU Ying,SHANHui-mei,LIU Cun-fu,CAI He-sheng.2014.Origin and evolution of formation water in North China Plain based on hydrochemistry and stable isotopes(2H,18O,37Cl and 81Br)[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,145:250-259.
GUO Shi-yan,LI Xiao-jun.2013.Reservoir stratum characterstics and geothermal resources potential of Rongcheng uplift geothermal field in Baoding,Hebei[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,48(3):922-931(in Chinese with English abstract).
The Third Hydrological and Engineering Geology Team,Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.1990.Investigation report in Niumuzheng geothermal field in Hebei Province[R].Hengshui:The Third Hydrological and Engineering Geology Team,Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources(in Chinese).
Hydrogeological Technology Research Team,MGMR.1978.Handbook of Hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
JIANG Guang-zheng,GAO Peng,RAO Song,ZHANG Lin-you,TANG Xiao-yin,HUANG fang,ZHAO ping,PANG Zhong-he,HE Li-juan,HU Sheng-biao,WANG Ji-yang.2016.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition)[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,59(8):2892-2910(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Huai-kun,ZHU Shi-king,XIANG Zhen-qun,SU Wen-bo,LUSong-nian,ZHOU Hong-ying,GENG Jian-zhen,LI sheng,YANG Feng-jie.2010.Zircon U-Pb dating on tuff bed from Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanqing,Beijing:Further constraints on the new subdivision of the Mesoproterozoic stratigraphy in the northern North China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(7):2131-2140(in Chinese with English abstract).
RYBACH L,MUFFLER L J P.1981.Geothermal systems:Principles and case histories[M].Chichester New York:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
LIU Yun-de,ZHOU Ai-guo,GAN Yiqun,LIU Cun-fu,YU Tin-tin,LI Xiao-qian.2013.An online method to determine chlorine stable isotope composition by continuous flowisotope ratio mass spectrometry(CF-IRMS)couple with a GasBench II[J].Journal of Central South University,20:193-198.
LIU Xiao-lei,FALCONE G,ALIMONTI C.2018.A systematic study of harnessing low-temperature geothermal energy from oil and gas reservoirs[J].Energy,142:346-355.
LI Wei-wei,RAO Song,TANG Xiao-yin,JIANG Guang-zheng,HU Sheng-biao,KONG Yan-long,PANG Ju-mei,WANGJian-cun.2014.Borehole temperature logging and temperature field in the Xiongxian geothermal field,Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,49(3):850-863(inChinese with English abstract).
MUSA S D,TANG Z,IBRAHIM A O,HABIB M.2018.China's energy status:A critical look at fossils and renewable options[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,81:2281-2290.
NIU Shu-yin,SUN Ai-qun,LI Hong-yang.2001.The Characteristics of The Geothermal Field and Formation Mechanism in The North China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,8(1):112-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
State Bureau of Technical Supervision.2010.Geological Exploration Standard of Geothermal Resources(GB/T 11615-2010)[S].Beijing:State Bureau of Technical Supervision(in Chinese).
SUN Ai-qun,NIU Shu-yin.2000.The Mantle Plume Evolution and Its Geothermal Effect--Deep Tectonic Setting of Geother-mal Anomaly in North China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,21 (2):182-189(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Gui-ling,ZHANG Wei,LIANG Ji-yun,LIN Wen-jing,LIUZhi-ming,WANG Wan-li.2017.Evaluation of Geothermal Resources Potential in China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,38(4):449-459(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Jun,HUANG Shang-yao,HUANG Ge-shan,WANGJi-yang.1983.Geotemperatuer Distribution and Geothermal Resources in The Meso-Cenozoic Basins of North China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,(3):304-316(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Yong-bo,DING Wen-ping,TIAN Yue,WANG Jing,DINGRui.2016.Analysis on High-temperature Geothermal Water in Niutuo Geothermal Field,Heibei Province[J].Urban Geology,11(3):59-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
LU Xin-li,WATSON A,GORIN A V,DEANS J.2005.Measurements in a low temperature CO2-driven geysering well,viewed in relation to natural geysers[J].Geothermics,(34):389-410.
LU Xin-li,WATSON A,GORIN A V,DEANS J.2006.Experimental investigation and numerical modelling of transient two-phase flow in a geysering geothermal well[J].Geothermics,(35):409-427.
XIONG Liang-ping,ZHNAG Ju-ming.1988.Relationship Between Geothermal Gradient and the Belief Rock in North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,31(2):146-155(in Chinese with English abstract).
YANG Ji-long,LIU Fu-tian,JIA Zhi,YUAN Hai-fan,XUQin-mian,HU Yun-zhuang.2018.The Hydrochemical andδ2H-δ18O Characteristics of Two Geothermal Fields in Niutuozhen of Hebei Province and Tianjin and their Environmental Significance[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,39(1):71-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG De-Zhong,LIU Zhi-gang,LU Hong-liu.2013.Geothermal in HEBEI[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
陈墨香,黄歌山,张文仁,张容燕,刘炳义.1982.冀中牛驼镇凸起地温场的特点及地下热水的开发利用[J].地质科学,(3):239-252.
陈墨香,汪集旸,汪缉安,邓孝,杨淑贞,熊亮萍,张菊明.1990.华北断陷盆地热场特征及其形成机制[J].地质学报,64(1):80-91.
陈墨香,汪集旸,邓孝.1994.中国地热资源-形成特点和潜力评价[M].北京:科学出版社.
地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队.1978.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社.
郭世炎,李小军.2013.河北保定容城凸起地热田储层属性与资源潜力[J].地质科学,48(3):922-931.
河北省地质矿产局第三水文工程地质大队.1990.河北省牛驼镇地热田勘查报告[R].衡水:河北省地质矿产局第三水文工程地质大队.
姜光政,高堋,饶松,张林友,唐晓音,黄方,赵平,庞忠和,何丽娟,胡圣标,汪集旸.2016.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版)[J].地球物理学报,59(8):2892-2910.
李卫卫,饶松,唐晓音,姜光政,胡圣标,孔彦龙,庞菊梅,王建存.2014.河北雄县地热田钻井地温测量及地温场特征[J].地质科学,49(3):850-863.
李怀坤,朱士兴,相振群,苏文博,陆松年,周红英,耿建珍,李生,杨锋杰.2010.北京延庆高于庄组凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb定年研究及其对华北北部中元古界划分新方案的进一步约束[J].岩石学报,26(7):2131-2140.
牛树银,孙爱群,李红阳.2001.华北地区地热特征及其成因机制[J].地学前缘,8(1):112-112.
孙爱群,牛树银.2000.地幔热柱演化及其地热效应--华北地热异常的深部构造背景[J].地球学报,21(2):182-189.
熊亮萍,张菊明.1988.华北平原区地温梯度与基底构造形态的关系[J].地球物理学报,31(2):146-155.
王贵玲,张薇,梁继运,蔺文静,刘志明,王婉丽.2017.中国地热资源潜力评价[J].地球学报,38(4):449-459.
王钧,黄尚瑶,黄歌山,汪集旸.1983.华北中、新生代沉积盆地的地温分布及地热资源[J].地质学报,(3):304-316.
王永波,丁文萍,田月,王婧,丁蕊.2016.河北牛驼镇地热田高温地热水成因分析[J].城市地质,11(3):59-64.
杨吉龙,柳富田,贾志,袁海帆,胥勤勉,胡云壮.2018.河北牛驼镇与天津地热田水化学和氢氧同位素特征及其环境指示意义[J].地球学报,39(1):71-78.
张德忠,刘志刚,卢红柳.2013.河北地热[M].北京:地质出版社.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2010.地热资源地质勘查规范(GB/T 11615-2010)[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.
CHEN Mo-xiang,HUANG Ge-shan,ZHANG Wen-ren,ZHANGRong-yan,LIU Bing-yi.1982.The temperature distribution pattern and the utilization of geothermal water at Niutuozhen basement protrusion of central Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,25(3):239-252(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Mo-xiang.1988.Geothermal in North China[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
CHEN Mo-xiang,WANG Ji-yang,WANG Ji-an,DENG Xiao,YANG Shu-zhen,XIONG Lian-ping,ZHANG Ju-ming.1990.The Characteristics of the Geothermal Field and Formation Mechanism in The North China Down-Faulted Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,64(1):80-91(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Mo-xiang,WANG Ji-yang,DENG Xiao.1994.Geothermal resources in China-Formation characteristics and potential evaluation[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
CHEN Liu-zhu,MA Teng,DU Yao,YANG Jie,LIU Ying,SHANHui-mei,LIU Cun-fu,CAI He-sheng.2014.Origin and evolution of formation water in North China Plain based on hydrochemistry and stable isotopes(2H,18O,37Cl and 81Br)[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,145:250-259.
GUO Shi-yan,LI Xiao-jun.2013.Reservoir stratum characterstics and geothermal resources potential of Rongcheng uplift geothermal field in Baoding,Hebei[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,48(3):922-931(in Chinese with English abstract).
The Third Hydrological and Engineering Geology Team,Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.1990.Investigation report in Niumuzheng geothermal field in Hebei Province[R].Hengshui:The Third Hydrological and Engineering Geology Team,Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources(in Chinese).
Hydrogeological Technology Research Team,MGMR.1978.Handbook of Hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
JIANG Guang-zheng,GAO Peng,RAO Song,ZHANG Lin-you,TANG Xiao-yin,HUANG fang,ZHAO ping,PANG Zhong-he,HE Li-juan,HU Sheng-biao,WANG Ji-yang.2016.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition)[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,59(8):2892-2910(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Huai-kun,ZHU Shi-king,XIANG Zhen-qun,SU Wen-bo,LUSong-nian,ZHOU Hong-ying,GENG Jian-zhen,LI sheng,YANG Feng-jie.2010.Zircon U-Pb dating on tuff bed from Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanqing,Beijing:Further constraints on the new subdivision of the Mesoproterozoic stratigraphy in the northern North China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(7):2131-2140(in Chinese with English abstract).
RYBACH L,MUFFLER L J P.1981.Geothermal systems:Principles and case histories[M].Chichester New York:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
LIU Yun-de,ZHOU Ai-guo,GAN Yiqun,LIU Cun-fu,YU Tin-tin,LI Xiao-qian.2013.An online method to determine chlorine stable isotope composition by continuous flowisotope ratio mass spectrometry(CF-IRMS)couple with a GasBench II[J].Journal of Central South University,20:193-198.
LIU Xiao-lei,FALCONE G,ALIMONTI C.2018.A systematic study of harnessing low-temperature geothermal energy from oil and gas reservoirs[J].Energy,142:346-355.
LI Wei-wei,RAO Song,TANG Xiao-yin,JIANG Guang-zheng,HU Sheng-biao,KONG Yan-long,PANG Ju-mei,WANGJian-cun.2014.Borehole temperature logging and temperature field in the Xiongxian geothermal field,Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,49(3):850-863(inChinese with English abstract).
MUSA S D,TANG Z,IBRAHIM A O,HABIB M.2018.China's energy status:A critical look at fossils and renewable options[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,81:2281-2290.
NIU Shu-yin,SUN Ai-qun,LI Hong-yang.2001.The Characteristics of The Geothermal Field and Formation Mechanism in The North China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,8(1):112-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
State Bureau of Technical Supervision.2010.Geological Exploration Standard of Geothermal Resources(GB/T 11615-2010)[S].Beijing:State Bureau of Technical Supervision(in Chinese).
SUN Ai-qun,NIU Shu-yin.2000.The Mantle Plume Evolution and Its Geothermal Effect--Deep Tectonic Setting of Geother-mal Anomaly in North China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,21 (2):182-189(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Gui-ling,ZHANG Wei,LIANG Ji-yun,LIN Wen-jing,LIUZhi-ming,WANG Wan-li.2017.Evaluation of Geothermal Resources Potential in China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,38(4):449-459(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Jun,HUANG Shang-yao,HUANG Ge-shan,WANGJi-yang.1983.Geotemperatuer Distribution and Geothermal Resources in The Meso-Cenozoic Basins of North China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,(3):304-316(in Chinese with English abstract).
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