风力机叶片雷击暂态特性分析
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摘要
基于风力机叶片雷击损坏机理,利用EMTP软件搭建完整的叶片、塔筒模型,分析叶片内置引下线、内部敷设电气线缆和采用碳纤维层压板情况下雷击暂态电位和内部电场强度。仿真结果表明:叶片遭受雷击后,引下线承受电位降可达MV强度达几千kV/m,极易发生侧向闪络产生内部电弧;引下线和碳纤维层压板在叶片尖端和根部相连方式下电位差和电场强度远小于仅在叶片根部相连方式,电场强度减小至几kV/m。当叶片内部敷设电缆线时,需尽可能拉大引下线和电缆线间距离;采用碳纤维层压板时可在叶片尖端和根部将其与引下线相连。
Taking lightning damage mechanism of blades into consideration,a complete model of the wind turbine blade,tower and grounding device are established in EMTP. Blades equipped with lightning down conductor,internal electrical wire and carbon fiber laminate are discussed. The results showed that the voltage drop across the down conductor may reach up to order of MV;the voltage difference between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire decreases along the blade while electric field between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire is several thousand kV/m which is easy to cause internal arcing;the voltage difference and electric field between the lightning down conductor and the carbon fiber laminate when connected at tip and root of the blade is far less than connected only at tip of the blade. In order to prevent side flashover,it is necessary to increase the separation distances between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire and connect the lightning down conductor and the carbon fiber laminate at tip and root of the blade.
Taking lightning damage mechanism of blades into consideration,a complete model of the wind turbine blade,tower and grounding device are established in EMTP. Blades equipped with lightning down conductor,internal electrical wire and carbon fiber laminate are discussed. The results showed that the voltage drop across the down conductor may reach up to order of MV;the voltage difference between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire decreases along the blade while electric field between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire is several thousand kV/m which is easy to cause internal arcing;the voltage difference and electric field between the lightning down conductor and the carbon fiber laminate when connected at tip and root of the blade is far less than connected only at tip of the blade. In order to prevent side flashover,it is necessary to increase the separation distances between the lightning down conductor and the internal electrical wire and connect the lightning down conductor and the carbon fiber laminate at tip and root of the blade.
引文
[1]吕文春,马剑龙,陈金霞,等.风电产业发展现状及制约瓶颈[J].可再生能源,2018,36(8):1214—1218.[1] Lyu Wenchun,Ma Jianlong,Chen Jinxia,et al. Currentsituation and restriction bottleneck of development ofwind power industry[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2018,36(8):1214—1218.
[2] Garolera A C,Madsen S F,Nissim M,et al. Lightningdamage to wind turbine blades from wind farms in U.S.[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,99:1—7.
[3] Yokoyama S. Lightning protection of wind turbine blades[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2013,94:3—9.
[4]李谦,钟定珠,彭向阳.海南东方风电场II期风力发电设备故障及雷害分析[J].风力发电,2010,(3):22—27.[4] Li Qian,Zhong Dingzhu,Peng Xiangyang. Analysis offault and lightning damage of wind power equipment ofdongfang wind farm second stage in Hainan province[J].Wind Power,2010,(3):22—27.
[5] Holboell J,Madsen S F,Henriksen M. Dischargephenomena in the tip area of wind turbine blades andtheir dependency on material and environmentalparameters[A]. 28th International Conference onLightning Protection(ICLP 2006)[C], Kanazawa,2006,1503—1508.
[6]陈雷,张向东,黎华.复合材料风电叶片避雷防护研究进展[J].材料开发与应用,2013,(2):107—110.[6] Chen Lei, Zhang Xiangdong, Li Hua. Researchprogress on lightning protection of composite materialwind turbine blade[J]. Development and Application ofMaterials,2013,(2):107—110.
[7] Naka T,Vasa N J,Yokoyama S,et al. Study onlightning protection methods for wind turbine blades[J].IEEJ Transactions on Power&Energy,2005,125(10):993—999.
[8] IEC/TR 61400-24:2002. Wind turbine generationsystem part 24:Lightning protection[S].
[9] IEEE Std. 1410-2010. IEEE guide for improving thelightning performance of electric power overheaddistribution lines[S].
[10]吴文辉,曹祥林.电力系统电磁暂态计算与EMTP应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.[10] Wu Wenhui,Cao Xianglin. Electromagnetic transientcalculation in power system and EMTP application[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2012.
[11]王晓辉.风力发电机组雷电暂态效应的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.[11] Wang Xiaohui. Investigations on the electromagneticeffects in wind turbines struck by lightning[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.
[12] Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F. Lightningtransient analysis in wind turbine blades[A]. 11thInternational Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2013)[C],Vancouver,2013.
[13]肖翔,张小青,李聪.风电机组雷电过电压的仿真分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):237—244.[13] Xiao Xiang, Zhang Xiaoqing, Li Cong. Simulationanalysis on overvoltage in wind turbines by lightningstroke[J]. Transactions of China ElectrotechnicalSociety,2015,30(24):237—244.
[14] Zhang X Q,Zhang Y Z,Liu C. A complete model ofwind turbines for lightning transient analysis[J]. Journalof Renewable&Sustainable Energy,2014,6(1):104—108.
[15] Zhang X Q. Calculation of transient potential rise on thewind turbine struck by lightning[J]. The ScientificWorld Journal,2014,2014(12):1—8.
[16] Jiang J L,Chang H C,Kuo C C. Analysis of transientenergy affection for wind farm under lightning[J].Energy,2012,48(1):292—297.
[17]罗日成,李稳,李志前,等.基于分段参数的风力机组建模及雷击暂态过电压分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2780—2787.[17] Luo Richeng,Li Wen,Li Zhiqian,et al. Modeling ofwind turbine generator based on piecewise parameterand its lightning transient overvoltage analysis[J]. HighVoltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2780—2787.
[18]赵海翔,王晓蓉.风电机组的雷击过电压分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(4):27—29.[18] Zhao Haixiang,Wang Xiaorong. Overvoltage analysis ofwind turbines due to lightning stroke[J]. Power SystemTechnology,2004,28(4):27—29.
[19] GB 50065—2011.交流电气装置的接地设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.[19] GB 50065—2011. Code for design of AC electricalinstallations earthing[S]. Beijing:China PlanningPress,2011.
[20] Madsen S F. Interaction between electrical dischargesand materials for wind turbine blades-particularlyrelated to lightning protection[D]. Copenhagen:Technical University of Denmark,2006.
[21] IEC 62305-3.Ed.1:Protection against lightning-part 3:Physical damage to structures and life hazard[S]. IEC,2007.
[2] Garolera A C,Madsen S F,Nissim M,et al. Lightningdamage to wind turbine blades from wind farms in U.S.[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,99:1—7.
[3] Yokoyama S. Lightning protection of wind turbine blades[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2013,94:3—9.
[4]李谦,钟定珠,彭向阳.海南东方风电场II期风力发电设备故障及雷害分析[J].风力发电,2010,(3):22—27.[4] Li Qian,Zhong Dingzhu,Peng Xiangyang. Analysis offault and lightning damage of wind power equipment ofdongfang wind farm second stage in Hainan province[J].Wind Power,2010,(3):22—27.
[5] Holboell J,Madsen S F,Henriksen M. Dischargephenomena in the tip area of wind turbine blades andtheir dependency on material and environmentalparameters[A]. 28th International Conference onLightning Protection(ICLP 2006)[C], Kanazawa,2006,1503—1508.
[6]陈雷,张向东,黎华.复合材料风电叶片避雷防护研究进展[J].材料开发与应用,2013,(2):107—110.[6] Chen Lei, Zhang Xiangdong, Li Hua. Researchprogress on lightning protection of composite materialwind turbine blade[J]. Development and Application ofMaterials,2013,(2):107—110.
[7] Naka T,Vasa N J,Yokoyama S,et al. Study onlightning protection methods for wind turbine blades[J].IEEJ Transactions on Power&Energy,2005,125(10):993—999.
[8] IEC/TR 61400-24:2002. Wind turbine generationsystem part 24:Lightning protection[S].
[9] IEEE Std. 1410-2010. IEEE guide for improving thelightning performance of electric power overheaddistribution lines[S].
[10]吴文辉,曹祥林.电力系统电磁暂态计算与EMTP应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.[10] Wu Wenhui,Cao Xianglin. Electromagnetic transientcalculation in power system and EMTP application[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2012.
[11]王晓辉.风力发电机组雷电暂态效应的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.[11] Wang Xiaohui. Investigations on the electromagneticeffects in wind turbines struck by lightning[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.
[12] Garolera A C,Holboell J,Madsen S F. Lightningtransient analysis in wind turbine blades[A]. 11thInternational Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2013)[C],Vancouver,2013.
[13]肖翔,张小青,李聪.风电机组雷电过电压的仿真分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):237—244.[13] Xiao Xiang, Zhang Xiaoqing, Li Cong. Simulationanalysis on overvoltage in wind turbines by lightningstroke[J]. Transactions of China ElectrotechnicalSociety,2015,30(24):237—244.
[14] Zhang X Q,Zhang Y Z,Liu C. A complete model ofwind turbines for lightning transient analysis[J]. Journalof Renewable&Sustainable Energy,2014,6(1):104—108.
[15] Zhang X Q. Calculation of transient potential rise on thewind turbine struck by lightning[J]. The ScientificWorld Journal,2014,2014(12):1—8.
[16] Jiang J L,Chang H C,Kuo C C. Analysis of transientenergy affection for wind farm under lightning[J].Energy,2012,48(1):292—297.
[17]罗日成,李稳,李志前,等.基于分段参数的风力机组建模及雷击暂态过电压分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2780—2787.[17] Luo Richeng,Li Wen,Li Zhiqian,et al. Modeling ofwind turbine generator based on piecewise parameterand its lightning transient overvoltage analysis[J]. HighVoltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2780—2787.
[18]赵海翔,王晓蓉.风电机组的雷击过电压分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(4):27—29.[18] Zhao Haixiang,Wang Xiaorong. Overvoltage analysis ofwind turbines due to lightning stroke[J]. Power SystemTechnology,2004,28(4):27—29.
[19] GB 50065—2011.交流电气装置的接地设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.[19] GB 50065—2011. Code for design of AC electricalinstallations earthing[S]. Beijing:China PlanningPress,2011.
[20] Madsen S F. Interaction between electrical dischargesand materials for wind turbine blades-particularlyrelated to lightning protection[D]. Copenhagen:Technical University of Denmark,2006.
[21] IEC 62305-3.Ed.1:Protection against lightning-part 3:Physical damage to structures and life hazard[S]. IEC,2007.