中国农村集体产权制度历史演变及展望
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摘要
产权制度是市场经济发展的根本保障。中国农村集体产权制度改革在壮大集体经济、拓宽农民增收渠道以及保障农民合法权益等方面具有重要作用,同时也是提高农村社会治理能力和完善农村基本经营制度的必由之路。本研究结合制度背景对农村集体产权制度的形成及演变进行梳理,认为受到历史条件等因素限制,农村集体产权制度的形成过程并不符合现代产权理论逻辑,而在社会主义市场经济条件下要加强对农村集体产权制度的建设,发挥其在家庭承包经营的基础上服务农户、衔接市场的功能,就必须以现代产权理论为基础。针对当前集体产权面临的法律赋权不足、主体能力不强和社会认同不高等具体问题,提出强化法律赋权,构建农村集体经济有效实现的主体制度;提高产权主体行为能力,实现资源要素优化配置;促进社会认同,推动集体产权主体市场化等发展对策,以期为建立"归属清晰、权能完整、流转顺畅、保护严格"的农村集体产权制度提供参考。
The system of property rights is the fundamental guarantee for the development of market economy. The reform of China's rural collective property rights system plays an important role in strengthening the collective economy, broadening the channels for farmers to increase income and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests. Also, the reform is the only way to improve rural social governance and complete rural basic management system. The formation and evolution of the current rural collective property rights system in China is analyzed in an institutional perspective. Result shows that the formation of rural collective property rights system in China is not in line with the logic of modern theories of property rights due to the restrictions of historical conditions and other factors. It is concluded that in the condition of socialist market economy it is necessary that the modern property rights theory function as the basis of strengthening the construction of rural collective property rights system and giving full play to its functions of serving farmer households and connecting with market on the basis of householdbased contractual management. According to the analysis of problems such as insufficient legal empowerment, weak ability of subjects and low social identity with which collective property rights are confronted currently it is put forward that legal empowerment should be strengthened to construct the subject system with which rural collective economy can be realized effectively, the behavioral ability of the subject of property rights improved to optimize the allocation of resources and social identity promoted to move forward the marketization of the subject of collective property rights so as to provide reference for the construction of a rural collective property rights system which is clear in ownership, complete in empowerment, smooth in circulation and strict in protection.
The system of property rights is the fundamental guarantee for the development of market economy. The reform of China's rural collective property rights system plays an important role in strengthening the collective economy, broadening the channels for farmers to increase income and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests. Also, the reform is the only way to improve rural social governance and complete rural basic management system. The formation and evolution of the current rural collective property rights system in China is analyzed in an institutional perspective. Result shows that the formation of rural collective property rights system in China is not in line with the logic of modern theories of property rights due to the restrictions of historical conditions and other factors. It is concluded that in the condition of socialist market economy it is necessary that the modern property rights theory function as the basis of strengthening the construction of rural collective property rights system and giving full play to its functions of serving farmer households and connecting with market on the basis of householdbased contractual management. According to the analysis of problems such as insufficient legal empowerment, weak ability of subjects and low social identity with which collective property rights are confronted currently it is put forward that legal empowerment should be strengthened to construct the subject system with which rural collective economy can be realized effectively, the behavioral ability of the subject of property rights improved to optimize the allocation of resources and social identity promoted to move forward the marketization of the subject of collective property rights so as to provide reference for the construction of a rural collective property rights system which is clear in ownership, complete in empowerment, smooth in circulation and strict in protection.
引文
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[2]卢现祥,朱巧玲.新制度经济学(第2版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.
[3]罗必良.产权强度与农民的土地权益:一个引论[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,(5):1-6.
[4]张应良,杨芳.农村集体产权制度改革的实践例证与理论逻辑[J].改革,2017,(3):119-129.
[5]周其仁.中国农村改革:国家和所有权关系的变化(下)[J].管理世界,1995,(4):147-155.
[6]蓝虹.中国土地产权制度演进的制度经济分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2002.
[7]吴玲,梁学庆.我国农地产权制度变迁与创新研究[J].东北农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(3):4-7.
[8]何一鸣,罗必良,高少慧.产权强度、制度特性与农地权益[J].贵州社会科学,2014,(2):37-43.
[9]李爱荣.集体经济组织成员权中的身份问题探析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(4):12-20.
[10]杨一介.我们需要什么样的农村集体经济组织[J].中国农村观察,2015,(5):11-18.
[11]张建,诸培新,王敏.基于内生交易费用的农村集体资产股份制改革[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(5):11-19.
[12]王振坡,梅林,詹卉.产权、市场及其绩效:我国农村土地制度变革探讨[J].农业经济问题,2015,(4):44-50.
[13]陈小君等著.我国农村集体经济有效实现的法律制度研究:村庄经验与域外视野[M].北京:法律出版社,2016.
[14]赵家如.集体资产股权的形成、内涵及产权建设[J].农业经济问题,2014,(4):15-20.