常绿杜鹃不同杂种群间杂交的可育性分析
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摘要
为研究杜鹃花属常绿杜鹃亚属中不同杂种群间杂交的可育性规律,对属于腺柱杜鹃花杂种群(Gr)、云锦杜鹃花杂种群(F)、美国山石南杜鹃花杂种群(Ga)、高加索杜鹃花杂种群(C)和东石楠杜鹃花杂种群(D)的33个品种组配302个杂交组合,对各杂种群间的杂交坐果率、结籽率和种子发芽率进行统计分析;以Ga和F杂种群为父本的杂交组合的花粉萌发率、花粉管长度/花柱长度和胚珠受精率进行荧光显微观察。结果表明:(1)从坐果率考虑,在33个品种中,‘Blurettia’、‘Sun Fire’和‘Surrey Heath’等11个品种适宜作为母本,‘Mrs. P. Denouden’、‘Marcel Menard’和‘Catawbiensis Boursault’等5个品种适宜作为父本,‘Alfred’、‘Delta’和‘XXL’等16个品种作为母本或父本皆可,而‘Cosmopolitan’不适宜作亲本;在5个杂种群中,Gr适宜作为母本,F适宜作为父本,Ga作为母本或者父本皆可,C和D的杂交效果与其配组有关;不同杂种群间杂交存在单向不育、双向可育或不育现象。(2)5个杂种群作为母本杂交的坐果率、结籽率和种子发芽率大小则分别为Ga> Gr> C> D> F,Ga> C>Gr> D> F,Ga> C> F> G r> D;作为父本杂交的坐果率、结籽率和种子发芽率大小分别为F> Ga> Gr>D> C,F> Ga> D> C> Gr,F> Ga> Gr> C> D;作为亲本的坐果率、结籽率和种子发芽率大小分别为Ga> F> Gr> D> C,Ga> F> D> C> Gr,F> Ga> C> Gr> D。(3)从花粉荧光显微观察结果来看,除D×F的花粉不萌发外,其余组合的花粉均能萌发,但各杂交组合的花粉管长度/花柱长度不同,且胚珠受精率低下。综上所述:常绿杜鹃不同杂种群间杂交存在明显不育现象,包括不能坐果、不能结籽和种子不萌发,而受精前障碍和受精后障碍可能是其杂交不育的关键原因。
In order to verify the hybrid incompatibilities among different hybrids groups belonging to Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes,302 hand cross pollination treatments among 33 cultivars were conducted. According to a previous cultivar classification,all these hybrids can be divided into the Griffithianum hybrids group(Gr),Fortunei hybrids group(F),Gatawba hybrids group(Ga),Caucasicum hybrids group(C)and Degronianum hybrids group(D),respectively. The fruit set,seed set and seed germination rate were then statistically analyzed. Moreover,another types of cross pollinations including two hybrid groups as male and all these 5 different hybrids groups as female were conducted. The pollen germination rate,the pollen length/style length and the rate of the fertilized ovules in the crosses were observed by the fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that:(1)Fruit sets were varied when the same cultivar was used as the different parents. In 33 cultivars,11 cultivars were suitable as female and 5 cultivars were suitable as male,whereas 16 cultivars could be used as both female and male,however 1 cultivar‘Cosmopolitan'was not suitable as parents;With regards to the 5 hybrids groups,Gr was suitable as female,F was suitable as male,and Ga could be used as both,and the fertilization effect of C and D was related to its matching. The unilateral sterility,the bilateral fertility or sterility could be found among these different hybrids groups.(2)The order of the fruit set,seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as female parent were Ga > Gr > C > D > F,Ga > C > Gr > D > F,Ga > C > F > Gr > D,respectively;and the order of the fruit set, seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as male parent were F > Ga > Gr > D > C,F > Ga > D > C > Gr,F > Ga > Gr > C > D,and the order of the fruit set,seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as parent were Ga > F > Gr > D >C,Ga > F > D > C > Gr,F > Ga > C > Gr > D.(3)According to the pollen fluorescence microscopic observation,the pollen grains of all the tested crosses could germinate except the pollination treatment of D × F. However,the pollen tube length/style length of the cross combinations were different,and their fertilized ovule rate were low. In summary,there were obvious infertility phenomena among the different hybrids groups of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes,and the sterile types included no fruits,no seeds or no seed germination,and the pre-fertilization and post-fertilization barriers could contribute to these different types of incompatibilities.
In order to verify the hybrid incompatibilities among different hybrids groups belonging to Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes,302 hand cross pollination treatments among 33 cultivars were conducted. According to a previous cultivar classification,all these hybrids can be divided into the Griffithianum hybrids group(Gr),Fortunei hybrids group(F),Gatawba hybrids group(Ga),Caucasicum hybrids group(C)and Degronianum hybrids group(D),respectively. The fruit set,seed set and seed germination rate were then statistically analyzed. Moreover,another types of cross pollinations including two hybrid groups as male and all these 5 different hybrids groups as female were conducted. The pollen germination rate,the pollen length/style length and the rate of the fertilized ovules in the crosses were observed by the fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that:(1)Fruit sets were varied when the same cultivar was used as the different parents. In 33 cultivars,11 cultivars were suitable as female and 5 cultivars were suitable as male,whereas 16 cultivars could be used as both female and male,however 1 cultivar‘Cosmopolitan'was not suitable as parents;With regards to the 5 hybrids groups,Gr was suitable as female,F was suitable as male,and Ga could be used as both,and the fertilization effect of C and D was related to its matching. The unilateral sterility,the bilateral fertility or sterility could be found among these different hybrids groups.(2)The order of the fruit set,seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as female parent were Ga > Gr > C > D > F,Ga > C > Gr > D > F,Ga > C > F > Gr > D,respectively;and the order of the fruit set, seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as male parent were F > Ga > Gr > D > C,F > Ga > D > C > Gr,F > Ga > Gr > C > D,and the order of the fruit set,seed set and the seed germination rate of the 5 hybrids groups as parent were Ga > F > Gr > D >C,Ga > F > D > C > Gr,F > Ga > C > Gr > D.(3)According to the pollen fluorescence microscopic observation,the pollen grains of all the tested crosses could germinate except the pollination treatment of D × F. However,the pollen tube length/style length of the cross combinations were different,and their fertilized ovule rate were low. In summary,there were obvious infertility phenomena among the different hybrids groups of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes,and the sterile types included no fruits,no seeds or no seed germination,and the pre-fertilization and post-fertilization barriers could contribute to these different types of incompatibilities.
引文
Bi Xiao-ying,Li Hui,Lou Qi,Zheng Yang.2012.Studies on inter-generic compatibility of Iris dichotoma and Belamcanda chinensis and their hybrids identification.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,39(5):31-938.(in Chinese)毕晓颖,李卉,娄琦,郑洋.2012.野鸢尾和射干属间杂交亲和性及杂种鉴定.园艺学报,39(5):931-938.
Chen Jun-yu.2001.Zhongguo Huahui Pinzhong Fenleixue.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House:197.(in Chinese)陈俊愉.2001.中国花卉品种分类学.北京:中国林业出版社:197.
Chen Xiang-xiang,Lu Lu,Fan Li-jie,Wang Qian-ying,Yin Zeng-fang,Shen Ya-mei.2017.Distant hybridization barriers of Magnolia sinostellata in the pollination process.Bulletin of Botanical Research,37(6):816-824.(in Chinese)陈翔翔,卢璐,范李节,王倩颖,尹增芳,申亚梅.2017.景宁木兰(Magnolia sinostellata)远缘杂交授粉过程障碍研究.植物研究,37(6):816-824.
Geng Xing-min,Zhao Hong-juan,Wu Ying-qian,Zhang Yue-miao.2017a.Cross-compatibility of wild Rhododendron and the effective evaluation indicators.Guihaia,37(8):979-988.(in Chinese)耿兴敏,赵红娟,吴影倩,张月苗.2017a.野生杜鹃杂交亲和性及适宜的评价指标.广西植物,37(8):978-988.
Geng Xing-min,Zhao Hong-juan,Zhang Yue-miao,Wang Liang-gui,Zhang Le-hua.2017b.Effects of different methods on fruit setting of different hybrid combinations in wild Rhododendron.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),32(1):83-88.(in Chinese)耿兴敏,赵红娟,张月苗,王良桂,张乐华.2017b.授粉方式对不同亚属杜鹃间远缘杂交结实的影响.云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(1):83-88.
Lan Xi,Zhang Le-hua,Zhang Jin-zheng,Cui Hong-xia,Jiang Chuang-dao,Shi Lei.2012.Research progress of Rhododendron breeding.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,39(9):1829-1838.(in Chinese)兰熙,张乐华,张金政,崔洪霞,姜闯道,石雷.2012.杜鹃花属植物育种研究进展.园艺学报,39(9):1829-1838.
Liu Xiao-qing,Su Jia-le,Li Chang,He Li-si,Chen Lü.2011.A new alpine rhododendron cultivar‘Fuli Jinling’.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38(11):2237-2238.(in Chinese)刘晓青,苏家乐,李畅,何丽斯,陈璐.2011.高山杜鹃新品种‘富丽金陵’.园艺学报,38(11):2237-2238.
Liu Xiao-qing,Su Jia-le,Li Chang,Liu Xiao-hong.2010.Study on the fruitfulness of hybridization,selfing and open pollination of rhododendron.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,26(4):145-148.(in Chinese)刘晓青,苏家乐,李畅,刘晓宏.2010.杜鹃花杂交、自交及开放授粉结实性研究.上海农业科学,26(4):145-148.
Wang Kang-cai,Xiao Ya-wen,Luo Qing-yun,Hu Long-jiao.2012.Study on pollen viability and hybridization of Pinellia ternata.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,24(3):53-55.(in Chinese)王康才,肖亚雯,罗庆云,胡龙娇.2012.半夏花粉活力检测及活性研究.江西农业学报,24(3):53-55.
Wang Qi-gang,Zhang Hao,Jian Hong-ying,Qiu xian-qin,Li Shu-fa,Tang Kai-xue.2010.Studies on pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Chinese rose varieties Yunfen and Yunmei.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,32(3):458-461.(in Chinese)王其刚,张颢,蹇洪英,邱显钦,李树发,唐开学.2010.月季‘云粉’、‘云玫’的花粉活力和柱头可授性研究.江西农业大学学报,32(3):458-461.
Wang Wei,He Zhong-jian,Ni Jian-zhong,Zheng Yong-xiao,Dai Se-ping.2017.Intervarietal(species)cross compatibility of Rhododendron and hybrid seeds germination.Subtropical Plant Science,46(4):335-338.(in Chinese)王伟,何仲坚,倪建中,郑永晓,代色平.2017.杜鹃花品种(种)间杂交亲和性及其杂交种子萌发研究.亚热带植物科学,46(4):335-338.
Xie Wei-jia,Tang Yu-wei,Song Jie,Peng Lü-chun,Wang Ji-hua,Li Shu-fa,Li Shi-feng.2017.Comprehensive evaluation of Rhododendron varieties based on grey-relational grade method.Journal of Henan Agricultural University,51(4):513-520.(in Chinese)解玮佳,唐毓玮,宋杰,彭绿春,王继华,李树发,李世峰.2017.基于灰色关联度分析法的高山杜鹃品种综合评价.河南农业大学学报,51(4):513-520.
Xie Wei-jia,Wang Ji-hua,Peng Lü-chun,Song Jie,Lu Lin,Xu Hong-lin,Li Shi-feng.2016.The compatibility and fruit growth dynamics of the cross between Rhododendron decorum and R.irroratum.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,38(1):90-96.(in Chinese)解玮佳,王继华,彭绿春,宋杰,陆琳,徐红林,李世峰.2016.大白杜鹃与露珠杜鹃杂交亲和性及其杂交果实发育动态研究.江西农业大学学报,38(1):90-96.
Xie Wei-jia,Wang Ji-hua,Lu Hong-chun,Li Shu-fa,Peng Lü-chun,Cai Yan-fei,Zhang Lu,Li Shi-feng.2015.Parents analysis for 21 Rhododendron imported cultivars.Journal of Henan Agricultural University,49(5):623-627.(in Chinese)解玮佳,王继华,卢红春,李树发,彭绿春,蔡燕飞,张露,李世峰.2015.21个高山杜鹃引进品种的亲本分析.河南农业大学学报,49(5):623-627.
Xu Li,Huang Su-zhen,Yuan Hai-yan.2015.Studies on pollen morphology and interspecific hybridization compatibility of Louisiana Iris and Iris foetidissima.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,24(1):77-83.(in Chinese)许荔,黄苏珍,原海燕.2015.路易斯安那鸢尾和红籽鸢尾花粉形态及种间杂交亲和性研究.植物资源与环境学报,24(1):77-83.
Zhang Le-hua,Liu Xiang-ping,Wang Kai-hong,Zhao Xi-hua,Wang Zhao-hong,Li Xiao-hua.2007.Factors in fluencing seed germination and seedling survival of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,25(2):178-184.(in Chinese)张乐华,刘向平,王凯红,赵喜华,王兆红,刘晓花.2007.不同因子对常绿杜鹃亚属种子萌发及成苗的影响.武汉植物学研究,25(2):178-184.
Zhang Lu,Wang Ji-hua,Xie Wei-jia,Cai Yan-fei,Song Jie,Peng Lü-chun,Li Shu-fa,Li Shi-feng.2016.Ancestor parents speculation for alpine rhododendron hybrids based on the pedigree and SSR markers.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident.Sin,36(12):2421-2432.(in Chinese)张露,王继华,解玮佳,蔡燕飞,宋杰,彭绿春,李树发,李世峰.2016.基于系谱和SSR标记的高山杜鹃杂交种亲缘关系分析.西北植物学报,36(12):2421-2432.
Zhou Xu-hong,Gui Min,Jiang Ya-lian,Su Yan,Lu Zhen-hong,Tian Min,Yu Rong-pei,Mo Xi-jun.2016.Studies on the crossing barrier in interspecific crosses in Dianthus.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,31(S1):127-134.(in Chinese)周旭红,桂敏,蒋亚莲,苏艳,卢珍红,田敏,余蓉培,莫锡君.2016.石竹种间杂交障碍研究.华北农学报,31(S1):127-134.
Zhuang Ping.2018a.Cross fertility of intra-subgen.Hymenanthes of 23 Rhododendron species.Guihaia,38(12):1545-1557.(in Chinese)庄平.2018a.23种常绿杜鹃亚属植物种间杂交的可育性研究.广西植物,38(12):1545-1557.
Zhuang Ping.2018b.Preliminary study on the cross fertility of intra-subgen.Rhododendron of 10 Rhododendron species.Guihaia,38(12):1558-1565.(in Chinese)庄平.2018b.10种杜鹃亚属植物种间杂交的可育性研究.广西植物,38(12):1558-1565.
Chen Jun-yu.2001.Zhongguo Huahui Pinzhong Fenleixue.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House:197.(in Chinese)陈俊愉.2001.中国花卉品种分类学.北京:中国林业出版社:197.
Chen Xiang-xiang,Lu Lu,Fan Li-jie,Wang Qian-ying,Yin Zeng-fang,Shen Ya-mei.2017.Distant hybridization barriers of Magnolia sinostellata in the pollination process.Bulletin of Botanical Research,37(6):816-824.(in Chinese)陈翔翔,卢璐,范李节,王倩颖,尹增芳,申亚梅.2017.景宁木兰(Magnolia sinostellata)远缘杂交授粉过程障碍研究.植物研究,37(6):816-824.
Geng Xing-min,Zhao Hong-juan,Wu Ying-qian,Zhang Yue-miao.2017a.Cross-compatibility of wild Rhododendron and the effective evaluation indicators.Guihaia,37(8):979-988.(in Chinese)耿兴敏,赵红娟,吴影倩,张月苗.2017a.野生杜鹃杂交亲和性及适宜的评价指标.广西植物,37(8):978-988.
Geng Xing-min,Zhao Hong-juan,Zhang Yue-miao,Wang Liang-gui,Zhang Le-hua.2017b.Effects of different methods on fruit setting of different hybrid combinations in wild Rhododendron.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),32(1):83-88.(in Chinese)耿兴敏,赵红娟,张月苗,王良桂,张乐华.2017b.授粉方式对不同亚属杜鹃间远缘杂交结实的影响.云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(1):83-88.
Lan Xi,Zhang Le-hua,Zhang Jin-zheng,Cui Hong-xia,Jiang Chuang-dao,Shi Lei.2012.Research progress of Rhododendron breeding.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,39(9):1829-1838.(in Chinese)兰熙,张乐华,张金政,崔洪霞,姜闯道,石雷.2012.杜鹃花属植物育种研究进展.园艺学报,39(9):1829-1838.
Liu Xiao-qing,Su Jia-le,Li Chang,He Li-si,Chen Lü.2011.A new alpine rhododendron cultivar‘Fuli Jinling’.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38(11):2237-2238.(in Chinese)刘晓青,苏家乐,李畅,何丽斯,陈璐.2011.高山杜鹃新品种‘富丽金陵’.园艺学报,38(11):2237-2238.
Liu Xiao-qing,Su Jia-le,Li Chang,Liu Xiao-hong.2010.Study on the fruitfulness of hybridization,selfing and open pollination of rhododendron.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,26(4):145-148.(in Chinese)刘晓青,苏家乐,李畅,刘晓宏.2010.杜鹃花杂交、自交及开放授粉结实性研究.上海农业科学,26(4):145-148.
Wang Kang-cai,Xiao Ya-wen,Luo Qing-yun,Hu Long-jiao.2012.Study on pollen viability and hybridization of Pinellia ternata.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,24(3):53-55.(in Chinese)王康才,肖亚雯,罗庆云,胡龙娇.2012.半夏花粉活力检测及活性研究.江西农业学报,24(3):53-55.
Wang Qi-gang,Zhang Hao,Jian Hong-ying,Qiu xian-qin,Li Shu-fa,Tang Kai-xue.2010.Studies on pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Chinese rose varieties Yunfen and Yunmei.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,32(3):458-461.(in Chinese)王其刚,张颢,蹇洪英,邱显钦,李树发,唐开学.2010.月季‘云粉’、‘云玫’的花粉活力和柱头可授性研究.江西农业大学学报,32(3):458-461.
Wang Wei,He Zhong-jian,Ni Jian-zhong,Zheng Yong-xiao,Dai Se-ping.2017.Intervarietal(species)cross compatibility of Rhododendron and hybrid seeds germination.Subtropical Plant Science,46(4):335-338.(in Chinese)王伟,何仲坚,倪建中,郑永晓,代色平.2017.杜鹃花品种(种)间杂交亲和性及其杂交种子萌发研究.亚热带植物科学,46(4):335-338.
Xie Wei-jia,Tang Yu-wei,Song Jie,Peng Lü-chun,Wang Ji-hua,Li Shu-fa,Li Shi-feng.2017.Comprehensive evaluation of Rhododendron varieties based on grey-relational grade method.Journal of Henan Agricultural University,51(4):513-520.(in Chinese)解玮佳,唐毓玮,宋杰,彭绿春,王继华,李树发,李世峰.2017.基于灰色关联度分析法的高山杜鹃品种综合评价.河南农业大学学报,51(4):513-520.
Xie Wei-jia,Wang Ji-hua,Peng Lü-chun,Song Jie,Lu Lin,Xu Hong-lin,Li Shi-feng.2016.The compatibility and fruit growth dynamics of the cross between Rhododendron decorum and R.irroratum.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,38(1):90-96.(in Chinese)解玮佳,王继华,彭绿春,宋杰,陆琳,徐红林,李世峰.2016.大白杜鹃与露珠杜鹃杂交亲和性及其杂交果实发育动态研究.江西农业大学学报,38(1):90-96.
Xie Wei-jia,Wang Ji-hua,Lu Hong-chun,Li Shu-fa,Peng Lü-chun,Cai Yan-fei,Zhang Lu,Li Shi-feng.2015.Parents analysis for 21 Rhododendron imported cultivars.Journal of Henan Agricultural University,49(5):623-627.(in Chinese)解玮佳,王继华,卢红春,李树发,彭绿春,蔡燕飞,张露,李世峰.2015.21个高山杜鹃引进品种的亲本分析.河南农业大学学报,49(5):623-627.
Xu Li,Huang Su-zhen,Yuan Hai-yan.2015.Studies on pollen morphology and interspecific hybridization compatibility of Louisiana Iris and Iris foetidissima.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,24(1):77-83.(in Chinese)许荔,黄苏珍,原海燕.2015.路易斯安那鸢尾和红籽鸢尾花粉形态及种间杂交亲和性研究.植物资源与环境学报,24(1):77-83.
Zhang Le-hua,Liu Xiang-ping,Wang Kai-hong,Zhao Xi-hua,Wang Zhao-hong,Li Xiao-hua.2007.Factors in fluencing seed germination and seedling survival of Rhododendron Subgenus Hymenanthes.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,25(2):178-184.(in Chinese)张乐华,刘向平,王凯红,赵喜华,王兆红,刘晓花.2007.不同因子对常绿杜鹃亚属种子萌发及成苗的影响.武汉植物学研究,25(2):178-184.
Zhang Lu,Wang Ji-hua,Xie Wei-jia,Cai Yan-fei,Song Jie,Peng Lü-chun,Li Shu-fa,Li Shi-feng.2016.Ancestor parents speculation for alpine rhododendron hybrids based on the pedigree and SSR markers.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident.Sin,36(12):2421-2432.(in Chinese)张露,王继华,解玮佳,蔡燕飞,宋杰,彭绿春,李树发,李世峰.2016.基于系谱和SSR标记的高山杜鹃杂交种亲缘关系分析.西北植物学报,36(12):2421-2432.
Zhou Xu-hong,Gui Min,Jiang Ya-lian,Su Yan,Lu Zhen-hong,Tian Min,Yu Rong-pei,Mo Xi-jun.2016.Studies on the crossing barrier in interspecific crosses in Dianthus.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,31(S1):127-134.(in Chinese)周旭红,桂敏,蒋亚莲,苏艳,卢珍红,田敏,余蓉培,莫锡君.2016.石竹种间杂交障碍研究.华北农学报,31(S1):127-134.
Zhuang Ping.2018a.Cross fertility of intra-subgen.Hymenanthes of 23 Rhododendron species.Guihaia,38(12):1545-1557.(in Chinese)庄平.2018a.23种常绿杜鹃亚属植物种间杂交的可育性研究.广西植物,38(12):1545-1557.
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