旋磁型非线性传输线调制脉冲特性数值分析
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摘要
为了掌握旋磁型非线性传输线(gyro-magnetic nonlinear transmission line, GNLTL)调制射频脉冲的特性,建立了GNLTL分布参数电路模型,迭代分析了对地电容、传输线长度(等效电路的LC网络级数)以及饱和电感对射频脉冲中心频率和前沿的影响。搭建了GNLTL脉冲调制系统,调制出幅值61 kV、中心频率1.05 GHz的射频电磁脉冲,并验证了GNLTL电路分析模型的准确性。研究结果表明:GNLTL对入射电压脉冲具有明显的前沿峰化和调制振荡作用。计算分析发现,增大对地电容,不但降低了振荡脉冲的中心频率,而且延缓了脉冲前沿。增加LC网路的级数,可显著延长调制脉冲的振荡持续时间,中心频率呈现出略微下降的趋势,并有助于进一步压缩脉冲前沿。随着饱和电感值的降低,振荡脉冲的中心频率更高,脉冲前沿也更快。
In order to master the modulated RF electromagnetic pulse characteristics of gyro-magnetic nonlinear transmission line(GNLTL),we established a distributed parameter circuit model of GNLTL. The influences of earth capacitance, the length of transmission line(section number of LC ladder-network equivalent circuit) and saturation inductance on the oscillation frequency and rise time of modulated pulse were iteratively analyzed. A GNLTL pulse modulation system was built, which generated a RF electromagnetic pulse with the amplitude of 61 k V and centre frequency of 1.05 GHz. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the model was verified by experiments. Pulse front sharpening and modulated pulsed oscillation were the two important roles of GNLTL. The analysis shows that increasing earth capacitance not only reduces the centre frequency, but also slows the rise time of pulse. As the section number increases, a longer oscillation pulse with a lower frequency is obtained, and the pulse front can be shortened further. Besides, reducing the saturated inductance, on the one hand, the centre frequency is obviously higher; on the other hand, the rise time of pulse is faster relatively.
In order to master the modulated RF electromagnetic pulse characteristics of gyro-magnetic nonlinear transmission line(GNLTL),we established a distributed parameter circuit model of GNLTL. The influences of earth capacitance, the length of transmission line(section number of LC ladder-network equivalent circuit) and saturation inductance on the oscillation frequency and rise time of modulated pulse were iteratively analyzed. A GNLTL pulse modulation system was built, which generated a RF electromagnetic pulse with the amplitude of 61 k V and centre frequency of 1.05 GHz. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the model was verified by experiments. Pulse front sharpening and modulated pulsed oscillation were the two important roles of GNLTL. The analysis shows that increasing earth capacitance not only reduces the centre frequency, but also slows the rise time of pulse. As the section number increases, a longer oscillation pulse with a lower frequency is obtained, and the pulse front can be shortened further. Besides, reducing the saturated inductance, on the one hand, the centre frequency is obviously higher; on the other hand, the rise time of pulse is faster relatively.
引文
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[19]俞建国.基于铁氧体传输线的脉冲陡化技术研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2010.YU Jianguo.Research of pulse sharpening based on ferrite line[D].Xi’an,China:Xidian University,2010.
[20]KATAYEV I G.Electromagnetic shock waves[M].London,UK:Iliffe Books Ltd,1966.
[21]杨清熙,王庆国,周星,等.快沿脉冲下传输线集总参数电路模型的验证与分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):327-332.YANG Qingxi,WANG Qingguo,ZHOU Xing,et al.Verification and analysis of lumped-circuit approximate models of multiconductor transmission lines excited by fast rising pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):327-332.
[22]RANGEL E G L,BARROSO J J,ROSSI J O,et al.Influence of input pulse shape on rf generation in nonlinear transmission lines[J].IEEETransaction on Plasma Science,2016,44(10):2258-2267.
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[24]KUEK N S,LIEW A C,SCHAMILOGLU E,et al.Circuit modeling of nonlinear lumped element transmission lines including hybrid lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(10):2523-2534.
[25]ROSSI J O,RIZZO P N.Study of hybrid nonlinear transmission lines for high power rf generation[C]∥Proceedings of 16th IEEEInternational Pulsed Power Conference.Washington DC,USA:IEEE,2009:46-50.
[26]YAMASAKI F S,NETO L P S,ROSSI J O,et al.Soliton generation using nonlinear transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,42(11):3471-3477.
[27]AFSHARI E,HAJIMIRI A.Nonlinear transmission lines for pulse shaping in silicon[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuits,2005,40(3):744-752.
[28]DARLING J D C,SMITH P W.High-power pulsed rf extraction from nonlinear lumped element transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2598-2603.
[29]KARI R P,SHAPLAND A J,BENSON T M.Development of ferrite line pulse sharpeners for repetive high power applications[J].IEEProceeding H-Microwave Antennas Propagation,1991,138(6):504-512.
[30]王喜珍,腾云田,张旸,等.多阶多采样率滤波器的设计[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(4):61-66.WANG Xizhen,TENG Yuntian,ZHANG Yang,et al.Design of multistage and multirate filter[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(4):61-66.
[31]YAMASAKI F S,SCHAMILOGLU E,ROSSI J O,et al.Spice simulations of nonlinear gyro-magnetic lines[C]∥Proceedings of 20th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference.Austin,Texas,USA:IEEE,2015:242-247.
[2]YAMASAKI F S,ROSSI J O,BARROSO J J.Generation using nonlinear transmission lines for aerospace applications[C]∥Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference.San Francisco,CA,USA:IEEE,2013:151-155.
[3]REALE D V,PARASON J M,NEUBER A A,et al.Inverstigation of a stripline transmission line structure for gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line high power microwave sources[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,83(16):034706.
[4]张贵新,侯凌云,刘永喜,等.基于圆柱形谐振腔的微波点火方式[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1914-1920.ZHANG Guixin,HOU Lingyun,LIU Yongxi,et al.Microwave ignition method based on cylindrical resonant cavity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1914-1920.
[5]林磊,谭林丰,钟和清,等.脉冲强流环境中磁场辐射干扰对充电电源的影响及其抑制措施[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1974-1980.LIN Lei,TAN Linfeng,ZHONG Heqing,et al.Influence of magnetic radiation interference on charging power supply in intense pulse current environment and its suppression methods[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1974-1980.
[6]熊久良,武占成.超宽带对典型调频引信安全性的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1997-2002.XIONG Jiuliang,WU Zhancheng.Effect of ultra-wide band on security of typical frequency modulation fuze[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1997-2002.
[7]ROSTOV V V,YALANDIN M I,MESYATS G A.A coherent two-channel source of Cherenkov superradiance pulses[J].Applied Physics Letter,2012,100(22):224102.
[8]BRAGG J W,DICKENS J C,NEUBER A A.Ferrimagnetic nonlinear transmission lines as high-power microwave sources[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(1):232-237.
[9]王俞卫,陈冬群,张建德,等.一种油介质开关振荡器研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2016,28(5):053006.WANG Yuwei,CHEN Dongqun,ZHANG Jiande,et al.Investigation of a switched oscillator filled with oil[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2016,28(5):053006.
[10]ROMANCHENKO I V,ROSTOV V V,GUNIN A V,et al.High power microwave beam steering based on gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,117(21):214907.
[11]BELYANTSEV A M,KLIMIN S L.High-frequency generation by electromagnetic shock wave in transmission line with nonlinear capacitance[J].Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics,1993,36(11):769-778.
[12]SEDDON N,SPIKINGS C R,DOLAN J E.RF pulse formation in nonlinear transmission lines[C]∥Proceedings of 16th International Pulsed Power Conference.Albuquerque NM,USA:IEEE,2007:678-681.
[13]廖勇,徐刚,谢平,等.非线性传输线数值模拟方法[J].强激光与粒子束,2015,27(8):083001.LIAO Yong,XU Gang,XIE Ping,et al.Numerical simulation of non-linear transmission line[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2015,27(8):083001.
[14]廖勇,张现福,徐刚,等.非线性传输线高功率实验[J].强激光与粒子束,2016,27(5):053007.LIAO Yong,ZHANG Xianfu,XU Gang,et al.High power experiment of nonlinear transmission lines system[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2016,27(5):053007.
[15]POULADIAN-KARI R,BENSON T M,SHAPLAND A J,et al.The electrical stimulation of pulse sharpening by dynamic lines[C]∥Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference.Monterey CA,USA:1989:178-181.
[16]WEINER M,SILBER L.Pulse sharpening effects in ferrites[J].IEEETransaction on Magnetics,1981,17(4):1472-1477.
[17]ROMANCHENKO I V,ROSTOV V V,GUBANOV V P,et al.Repetitive sub-gigawatt rf source based on gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(7):074705.
[18]BRAGG J W,DICKENS J C,NEUBER A A.Material selection considerations for coaxial,ferrimagnetic-based nonlinear transmission lines[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2013,113(6):064904.
[19]俞建国.基于铁氧体传输线的脉冲陡化技术研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2010.YU Jianguo.Research of pulse sharpening based on ferrite line[D].Xi’an,China:Xidian University,2010.
[20]KATAYEV I G.Electromagnetic shock waves[M].London,UK:Iliffe Books Ltd,1966.
[21]杨清熙,王庆国,周星,等.快沿脉冲下传输线集总参数电路模型的验证与分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):327-332.YANG Qingxi,WANG Qingguo,ZHOU Xing,et al.Verification and analysis of lumped-circuit approximate models of multiconductor transmission lines excited by fast rising pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):327-332.
[22]RANGEL E G L,BARROSO J J,ROSSI J O,et al.Influence of input pulse shape on rf generation in nonlinear transmission lines[J].IEEETransaction on Plasma Science,2016,44(10):2258-2267.
[23]BAGINSKI M E,LU H,CAUDLE B T,et al.Optimal design of an N-stage nonlinear transmission line based on genetic algorithm and LTspice[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2408-2414.
[24]KUEK N S,LIEW A C,SCHAMILOGLU E,et al.Circuit modeling of nonlinear lumped element transmission lines including hybrid lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2012,40(10):2523-2534.
[25]ROSSI J O,RIZZO P N.Study of hybrid nonlinear transmission lines for high power rf generation[C]∥Proceedings of 16th IEEEInternational Pulsed Power Conference.Washington DC,USA:IEEE,2009:46-50.
[26]YAMASAKI F S,NETO L P S,ROSSI J O,et al.Soliton generation using nonlinear transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,42(11):3471-3477.
[27]AFSHARI E,HAJIMIRI A.Nonlinear transmission lines for pulse shaping in silicon[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuits,2005,40(3):744-752.
[28]DARLING J D C,SMITH P W.High-power pulsed rf extraction from nonlinear lumped element transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(5):2598-2603.
[29]KARI R P,SHAPLAND A J,BENSON T M.Development of ferrite line pulse sharpeners for repetive high power applications[J].IEEProceeding H-Microwave Antennas Propagation,1991,138(6):504-512.
[30]王喜珍,腾云田,张旸,等.多阶多采样率滤波器的设计[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(4):61-66.WANG Xizhen,TENG Yuntian,ZHANG Yang,et al.Design of multistage and multirate filter[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(4):61-66.
[31]YAMASAKI F S,SCHAMILOGLU E,ROSSI J O,et al.Spice simulations of nonlinear gyro-magnetic lines[C]∥Proceedings of 20th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference.Austin,Texas,USA:IEEE,2015:242-247.