东地中海黎凡特盆地白垩纪阿尔布期白云岩成因研究
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摘要
"白云岩问题"一直是碳酸盐岩研究的热点问题。镁作为白云石的主量元素之一,其同位素组成包含了白云岩化过程和白云岩沉积环境的信息。本文以以色列黎凡特盆地早白垩世末阿尔布期(～100 Ma)Givat Ye’arim组和Soreq组白云岩为研究对象,在岩石学、微量元素和C-O-Sr同位素地球化学研究基础之上,开展了高密度镁同位素分析。结果显示白云岩主要由半自形—自形的泥微晶白云石组成,岩性致密,后期成岩改造作用较弱,因此元素及同位素组成基本可以反映原始白云岩化流体的地球化学特征;C-Sr同位素组成与Albian期海水保持一致,表明同期咸化海水是白云岩化流体并为白云石形成提供镁离子;白云岩δ~(26)Mg值稳定在-2.0‰左右,没有明显的垂向差异,表明白云岩化过程中咸化海水供应充足,流体以渗流方式而不是以扩散方式在松散沉积物中运移,孔隙水化学组成相对均一,白云岩镁同位素组成得以与同期海水相平衡。白云岩中陆源风化指示元素Rb和ΣREE以及海水盐度指标Na元素含量表现出多期旋回性变化,反映半封闭体系对周期性气候和环境变化的响应,然而垂向上稳定的白云岩δ~(26)Mg值表明区域性的气候变化不会显著改变沉积盆地体系中的镁同位素组成,因此对于地质历史时期在半局限海洋环境中沉积的巨厚白云岩而言,其镁同位素组成可以用来示踪全球海水镁同位素波动。
The "dolomite problem" is one of the long-lasting problems in sedimentology. Magnesium is a major element in dolomite, and its isotopic compositions may be used to infer the dolomitization processes and sedimentary environments. In this study, we investigated the Mg isotope compositions of dolostones of the Albian Givat Ye'arim Formation and Soreq Formation of Albian from a section near Jerusalem, Israel. The carbonates are mainly composed of subhedreal to euhedral micritic dolomite without notable post-depositional diagenetic alterations. Carbon and strontium isotope compositions of the dolomite are consistent with the Albian seawater, suggesting that the dolomitizing fluid was sourced from the contemporaneous seawater. δ~(26)Mg values of dolomite cluster around-2.0‰ and do not show a clear correlation with depth. Combining Mg isotope and C-Sr isotope compositions of dolomite, it is suggested that the Mg supply from seawater for dolomitization was abundant, leading to Mg isotope equilibrium between seawater and dolomite. The rhythmic fluctuations in Na, Rb and ΣREE contents in the dolomite sequence indicate responses of marine environments in a semi-closed basin to variations in regional paleo-climates and paleo-environments. By contrast, the relatively homogeneous dolomite δ~(26)Mg values across the sedimentary beddings imply that the regional climate and environment changes had limited impacts on Mg isotope compositions of seawater in local basins. Hence, for massive dolomite that was deposited in partly restricted basins, their δ~(26)Mg values likely still trace the Mg isotope composition of seawater in open oceans.
The "dolomite problem" is one of the long-lasting problems in sedimentology. Magnesium is a major element in dolomite, and its isotopic compositions may be used to infer the dolomitization processes and sedimentary environments. In this study, we investigated the Mg isotope compositions of dolostones of the Albian Givat Ye'arim Formation and Soreq Formation of Albian from a section near Jerusalem, Israel. The carbonates are mainly composed of subhedreal to euhedral micritic dolomite without notable post-depositional diagenetic alterations. Carbon and strontium isotope compositions of the dolomite are consistent with the Albian seawater, suggesting that the dolomitizing fluid was sourced from the contemporaneous seawater. δ~(26)Mg values of dolomite cluster around-2.0‰ and do not show a clear correlation with depth. Combining Mg isotope and C-Sr isotope compositions of dolomite, it is suggested that the Mg supply from seawater for dolomitization was abundant, leading to Mg isotope equilibrium between seawater and dolomite. The rhythmic fluctuations in Na, Rb and ΣREE contents in the dolomite sequence indicate responses of marine environments in a semi-closed basin to variations in regional paleo-climates and paleo-environments. By contrast, the relatively homogeneous dolomite δ~(26)Mg values across the sedimentary beddings imply that the regional climate and environment changes had limited impacts on Mg isotope compositions of seawater in local basins. Hence, for massive dolomite that was deposited in partly restricted basins, their δ~(26)Mg values likely still trace the Mg isotope composition of seawater in open oceans.
引文
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漆立新.2014.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩大油气田勘探实践与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,35(6):771-779.
沈树忠,朱茂炎,王向东,等.2010.新元古代-寒武纪与二叠-三叠纪转折时期生物和地质事件及其环境背景之比较[J].中国科学(D辑),40(9):1228-1240.
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郑荣才,刘萍,文华囯.2017.川东北地区飞仙关组和长兴组白云岩成因与成岩-成藏系统[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,44(1):1-13.
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Gao T,Ke S,Teng F Z,et al.2016.Magnesium isotope fractionation during dolostone weathering[J].Chemical Geology,445:14-23.
Geske A,Lokier S,Dietzel M,et al.2015.Magnesium isotope composition of sabkha porewater and related(Sub-)recent stoichiometric dolomites,Abu Dhabi(UAE)[J].Chemical Geology,393-394:112-124.
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Huang K J,Shen B,Lang X G,et al.2015.Magnesium isotopic compositions of the Mesoproterozoic dolostones:Implications for Mg isotopic systematics of marine carbonates[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,164:333-351.
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潘楠.2016.东地中海地区天然气开发现状与前景[J].国际石油经济,24(11):81-96.
刘小兵,张光亚,温志新,等.2017.东地中海黎凡特盆地构造特征与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):540-548.
漆立新.2014.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩大油气田勘探实践与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,35(6):771-779.
沈树忠,朱茂炎,王向东,等.2010.新元古代-寒武纪与二叠-三叠纪转折时期生物和地质事件及其环境背景之比较[J].中国科学(D辑),40(9):1228-1240.
刘春莲,杨婷婷,吴洁,等.2012.珠江三角洲晚第四纪风化层稀土元素地球化学特征[J].古地理学报,14(1):125-132.
马英军,霍润科,徐志方,等.2004.化学风化作用中的稀土元素行为及其影响因素[J].地球科学进展,1:87-94.
赵文智,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.2014.塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地白云岩储层孔隙成因探讨及对储层预测的指导意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,44:1925-1939.
张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛.2006.白云岩成因相关问题及主要形成模式[J].地质科技情报,5:32-40.
郑荣才,刘萍,文华囯.2017.川东北地区飞仙关组和长兴组白云岩成因与成岩-成藏系统[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,44(1):1-13.
朱井泉,李永铁,江茂生,等.2003.藏北措勤盆地早白垩世Aptian-Albian浅水碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成及其意义[J].中国科学(D辑),3:216-222.
Adams J E and Rhodes M L.1960.Dolomitization by seepage reflux[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,44:1912-1920.
Azmy K,Lavoie D,Wang Z,et al.2013.Magnesium-isotope and REE compositions of Lower Ordovician carbonates from eastern Laurentia:Implications for the origin of dolomites and limestones[J].Chemical Geology,356:64-75.
Bl?ttler C L,Miller N R and Higgins J A.2015.Mg and Ca isotope signatures of authigenic dolomite in siliceous deep-sea sediments[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,419:32-42
Braun M and Hirsch F.1994.Mid Cretaceus(Albian-Cenomanian)carbonate plateforms in Israel[J].Cuadernos de Geologia Iberica,18:58-81.
Bush P.1973.Some Aspects of the Diagenetic History of the Sabkha in Abu Dhabi,Persian Gulf[M]//Purser B H(eds.)The Persian Gulf Berlin,Springer:Heidelberg.
Carballo J D,Land L S and Miser D E.1987.Holocene dolomitization of supratidal sediments by active tidal pumping,Sugarloaf Key,Florida[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,57(1):153-165.
Elderfield H.1986.Strontium isotope stratigraphy[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,57(1):71-90.
Eppelbaum L and Katz Y.2011.Tectonic-geophysical mapping of Israel and the eastern Mediterranean:Implications for hydrocarbon prospecting[J].Positioning,2(1):36-54.
Fantle M S and Higgins J.2014.The effects of diagenesis and dolomitization on Ca and Mg isotopes in marine platform carbonates:Implications for the geochemical cycles of Ca and Mg[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,142:458-481.
Galy A,Bar-Matthews M,Halicz L,et al.2002.Mg isotopic composition of carbonate:insight from speleothem formation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,201:105-115.
Gao T,Ke S,Teng F Z,et al.2016.Magnesium isotope fractionation during dolostone weathering[J].Chemical Geology,445:14-23.
Geske A,Lokier S,Dietzel M,et al.2015.Magnesium isotope composition of sabkha porewater and related(Sub-)recent stoichiometric dolomites,Abu Dhabi(UAE)[J].Chemical Geology,393-394:112-124.
Geske A,Zorlu J,Richter D K,et al.2012.Impact of diagenesis and low grade metamorphosis on isotope(δ26Mg,δ13C,δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr)and elemental(Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe and Sr)signatures of Triassic sabkha dolomites[J].Chemical Geology,332-333:45-64.
Higgins J A,Bl?ttler C L,Lundstrom E A,et al.2018.Mineralogy,early marine diagenesis,and the chemistry of shallow-water carbonate sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,220:512-534.
Hodell D A,Mueller P A,McKenzie J A,et al.1989.Strontium isotope stratigraphy and geochemistry of the late Neogene ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,92(2):165-178.
Horita J.2014.Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in the system dolomite-water-CO2 to elevated temperatures[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,129:111-124.
Hu Z,Hu W,Wang X,et al.2017.Resetting of Mg isotopes between calcite and dolomite during burial metamorphism:Outlook of Mg isotopes as geothermometer and seawater proxy[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,208:24-40.
Huang K J,Shen B,Lang X G,et al.2015.Magnesium isotopic compositions of the Mesoproterozoic dolostones:Implications for Mg isotopic systematics of marine carbonates[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,164:333-351.
HsüK J and Schneider J.1973.Progress Report on DolomitizationHydrology of Abu Dhabi Sabkhas,Arabian Gulf and the Persian Gulf[M].New York:Springer:409-422.
Immenhauser A and Scott R W.2002.An estimate of Albian sea-level amplitudes and its implication for the duration of stratigraphic hiatuses[J].Sedimentary Geology,152:19-28.
Jacobson A D,Zhang Z,Lundstrom C,et al.2010.Behavior of Mg isotopes during dedolomitization in the Madison Aquifer,South Dakota[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,297(3-4):446-452.
Jaffrés J B D,Shields G A and Wallmann K.2007.The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater:A critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3.4 billion years[J].Earth-Science Reviews,83(1-2):83-122.
K?rmac?M Z.2008.Dolomitization of the late Cretaceous-Paleocene platform carbonates,G?lk?y(Ordu),eastern Pontides,NE Turkey[J].Sedimentary Geology,203(3-4):289-306.
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